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Food Science 10

Unit 1: The Food Science Lab

Name: Piyapa Tantisirivat

Nickname Pear

Lab #3: Relationship between Mass and Volume

October 2015
Introduction: There is a relationship between the mass and the volume of an object of a specific material. The mass can be
determined using an electric balance to record its weight in grams. The volume of an object can be determined by
calculating the amount of water displaced in a graduated cylinder when the object is placed into water. By determining the
mass and volume of an object of a specific material, you can find its density. In this lab experiment you will be discovering
how to determine the density of an object using graphs and mathematical equations, instead of simply searching for the
formula for density on the internet.

Purpose: To see how mass and volume are related to determine density by experimental data. To demonstrate how graphs
can connect ideas from Science and Math.
Materials:
Electronic Balance
50-mL Graduated Cylinder
4 Sample of the Same Material (3 Materials)
Water
Ruler
Procedure:
1. Obtain three different types of material for your group. Each material has 4 sample sizes.
2. Find the mass of each of the sample sizes. Record in your data table.
3. Find the volume of each of the sample sizes by determining the amount of water displaced by the object.
a. Set up a graduated cylinder and put 25 mL of water into it. Read the volume and write it down.
b. Tip the graduated cylinder and gently slide one of the objects into it. DO NOT allow water to splash out.
c. If the object floats, gently push it down with a pencil, until it is submerged under the water. Do not push too hard.
d. Record the new volume of the water. Subtract the volume of the water from the combined volume of the water
and object together. The result is the volume of the object. Record in your data table.


Type of Material

Data Table:
Title: The mass and volume of three types of substance

Smallest Sample

Small Sample

Medium Sample

Large Sample

Mass(g) Volume(mL) Mass(g) Volume(mL) Mass(g) Volume(mL) Mass(g) Volume(mL)

Nylon (black)

8.97 g 8.0mL

12.36 g 10.5mL

Phenolic (brown)

5.49 g 5.0mL

6.33 g 5.0mL

15.73 g 13.0mL

10.19 g 7.5mL

14.30 g 11.0mL 18.20 g 13.0mL

Aluminium

13.11 g 5.0mL

18.47 g 7.0mL

26.72 g 10.0mL

37.75g 14.0mL

Graduated cylinder error +/- 1mL (20 C)






Graph #1 Title: The relationship between volume and mass of nylon
20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

Mass ( g)

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

0 5 10 15 20
Volume (mL)






Graph #2 Title: The relationship between volume and mass of phenolic

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

Mass ( g)

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0 5 10 15 20
Volume (mL)






Graph #3 Title: The relationship between volume and mass of aluminium
40

38

36

34

Mass ( g)

32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2

0 5 10 15 20
Volume (mL)




Discussion (Analyzing Results) Questions:
1. Find the slope of the graphed line from the data for the first material Nylon. Follow these steps:
a. Mark two points on the line, and label them A and B. The points should be on the line and far apart. Try to
choose points that will make it easy to read the volume and mass measurements.
b. Point A corresponds to a volume of ____1 mL_____, and a mass of ______1 g________.
Point B corresponds to a volume of ____10mL_______, and a mass of ___11 g___________.
c. Use your answers from part b above to calculate the rise and run:
Rise = ______11 g_________ minus _____1 g__________ = _____10 g__________.
Run = ______10 mL_______ minus ______1 mL_________ = ____9 mL____________.
(Did you remember to include the units of measurement in your work above?)
d. Now calculate the slope:
Slope = rise divided by run = __10/9 or 1.11 g/mL__.
2. Find the slope of the graphed line from the data for the second material Phenolic. Follow these steps:
a. Mark two points on the line, and label them A and B. The points should be on the line and far apart. Try to
choose points that will make it easy to read the volume and mass measurements.
b. Point A corresponds to a volume of ___7mL___, and a mass of ____9g_______.
Point B corresponds to a volume of ___14mL____, and a mass of __18g________.
c. Use your answers from part b above to calculate the rise and run:
Rise = ____18 g____ minus ____9 g_________ = ______9g______.
Run = ____14mL____ minus ___7mL____________ = __7mL____________.
(Did you remember to include the units of measurement in your work above?)
d. Now calculate the slope:
Slope = rise divided by run = __9/7 or 1.29 g/mL___.
3. Find the slope of the graphed line from the data for the third material aluminium. Follow these steps:
a. Mark two points on the line, and label them A and B. The points should be on the line and far apart. Try to
choose points that will make it easy to read the volume and mass measurements.
b. Point A corresponds to a volume of ___3mL____, and a mass of ____8 g____.
Point B corresponds to a volume of ___9mL____, and a mass of ____24 g________.
c. Use your answers from part b above to calculate the rise and run:
Rise = _____24g_____ minus ___8g________ = ______16 g______.
Run = _____9mL____ minus ___3mL_______= ______6mL_______.
(Did you remember to include the units of measurement in your work above?)
d. Now calculate the slope:
Slope = rise divided by run = ___8/3 or 2.67 g/mL________.

Note: All parts of a straight line have the same, constant slope. When a mathematical constant is discovered as the
result of scientific experiments, it is often given a name. The slope you have just calculated is called the density of that
material.

4. In your answers to question 1, the rise corresponds to _mass_ of the material, while the run corresponds to the
__volume__ of the material. This leads to the formula for density, which is density = mass / volume.




5. Research the actual density for each of your materials. Determine your accuracy.
The actual density of nylon is 1.15 g/mL, but density that I get is 1.11g/mL. My density is 0.04 g/mL from the actual
density, so my density is not accurate.
The actual density of phenolic is 1.32 g/mL, but density that I get is 1.29 g/mL. My density is 0.03 g/mL from the actual
density, so my density is not accurate.
The actual density of aluminium is 2.71 g/mL but density that I get is 2.67 g/mL. My density is 0.04 g/mL from the actual
density, so my density is not accurate.


Conclusion:

The volume of the mass is measure from the size of those substances not the material that they are made up of.
The density is the relationship between mass and volume and the formula is density = mass divides by volume.