PRINCIPLES OF LOCATION

IN INTERCHANGEABLE MANUFACTURING
PROCESS WHEN A WORKPIECE IS PLACED
ON A MACHINE TABLE, SPINDLE, JIG OR
FIXTURE IT MUST BE PROPERLY
POSITIONED BEFORE IT IS CLAMPED
IT IS THE DUTY OF THE LOCATION
SYSTEM TO PROVIDE ALL NECESSARY
CONSTRAINTS SO THAT THE WORKPIECE
IS CORRECTLY LOCATED AND ALL
POSSIBLE MOVEMENTS OF THE
WORKPIECE ARE RESTRICTED.
NTTF, Bangalore

TWELVE DEGREES OF FREEDOM

A WORK PIECE IN SPACE IS FREE TO
MOVE IN ANY DIRECTION AND CAN HAVE
TWELVE DEGREES OF FREEDOM
EACH DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT IS
CONSIDERED ONE DEGREE OF FREEDOM
IT CAN MOVE IN EITHER OF OPPOSED
DIRECTIONS ALONG THREE MUTUALLY
PERPENDICULAR AXES AND MAY ROTATE
IN EITHER OF TWO OPPOSED
DIRECTIONS AROUND EACH AXES i.e.
CLOCKWISE AND COUNTERCLOCKWISE
NTTF, Bangalore

THE DUTY OF THE LOCATION

SYSTEM
THE LOCATION SYSTEM MUST, IN
CONJUNCTION WITH THE
CLAMPING SYSTEM COMPLETELY
CONSTRAIN THE WORKPIECE OR
ELIMINATE AS MANY OF THE 12
DEGREES OF FREEDOM AS IS
NECESSARY FOR THE OPERATION
TO BE COMPLETED WITH THE
REQUIRED ACCURACY
NTTF, Bangalore

DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN SPACE

NTTF, Bangalore

THE CHOICE OF LOCATION SYSTEM

THE
REQUIREMENTS
OF THE LOCATION
SYSTEM DEPEND
UPON THE
OPERATION BEING
PERFORMED AND
UPON THE
WORKPIECE
BEFORE THE
OPERATION.
NTTF, Bangalore

PRIMARY DATUM
Primary datum: This establishes the orientation
of the part (stablise the part ) to the datum
reference frame.
The part contacts the datum plane with at least
three points of contact.
The primary datum restricts FIVE degree of
freedom ( four rotary and one linear)

NTTF, Bangalore

SECONDARY DATUM
Secondary datum: This locates the part
(restricts part movement) within the
datum reference frame.
Requires a minimum of two points of
contact with the secondary datum.
The Secondary datum restricts THREE
additional degree of freedom ( Two
rotary and One linear )
NTTF, Bangalore

TERTIARY DATUM
Tertiary datum: This locates the
part(restricts part movement) within the
datum reference frame.
Requires a minimum of one points of
contact with the secondary datum.
The tertiary datum restricts the ONE
degree of freedom ( Linear )

NTTF, Bangalore

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Datums

NTTF, Bangalore

THE 3-2-1 RULE

The 3-2-1 rule defines the minimum
number of points of contact required.
The 3-2-1 rule only applies on a part with
all planar datums.

NTTF, Bangalore

DATUM REFRENCE FRAME

NTTF, Bangalore

CONSTRAINING REMAINING DEGREES

OF FREEDOM
THE 10TH DEGREE OF FREEDOM IS
ARRESTED BY FIRST CLAMP AGAINST
SECONDARY DATUM
THE 11TH DEGREE OF FREEDOM IS
ARRESTED BY SECOND CLAMP AGAINST
TERTIARY DATUM
THE 12TH DEGREE OF FREEDOM IS
ARRESTED BY EITHER DOWNWARD
CLAMP OR BY GRAVITY ( IF WORKPIECE
IS HEAVY)
NTTF, Bangalore