HG 6e CH 02 Lecture

Chapter 2 Lecture
Human Geography: Places and

Regions in Global Context
Sixth Edition
The Changing Global

Context
Wendy A. Mitteager
State University of New York, Oneonta
Key Concepts
Evolution of the Modern World

World-System
Core and Periphery Regions
Neocolonialism
Globalization
Sustainability
Cultural Imperialism
Figure: Chapter 2 Opener An Icelandic ash plume impacted flights on a global

scale in May 2010
The Premodern World

Minisystems
Slash-and-burn
Hearth Areas
Middle East
South Asia
China
Americas
[Insert Figure 2.3]
Figure 2.3 A remnant minisystem in the Amazon
Apply your knowledge: Describe example of traditional

crafts from the agricultural hearth areas of Arizona and
New Mexico
The Premodern World, (contd)
Figure 2.1 Old World hearth areas
Figure 2.2 New World hearth areas

World-Empire
Group of minisystems
common political system
Figure 2.4a Greek colonies and the

extent of the Roman empire

Colonization
Law of diminishing returns
Urbanization
Figure 2.4b Highly developed

infrastructure of the Roman empire

Framework of human geographies
Harsher environments in continental interiors
Dry belt of steppes and desert margins
Principal areas of sedentary agriculture
[Insert Figure 2.6]

Figure 2.6 The Silk Road
Figure 2.5 The precapitalist Old World, circa 1400 C.E.
World Systems
Figure 2.7 European Age of Discovery
World Systems, (contd)
External arenas
Plantations
Import substitution
Technological
improvements
and limits
Figure 2.8 Cotton plantation, Mississippi River
Apply your knowledge: Compare maps of Brazil from

the internetfrom the 1600s and the present day. How
has the world-system in Brazil changed over time?

Industrialization in Europe
Diffusion
Began in England, spread
through Europe and globally
Three distinctive waves

Influenced by resources
and technology
Figure 2.A European industrialization
World Systems: Core & Periphery

Structured relationship
Core, semiperipheral, peripheral
Imperialism & Colonialism

Leadership cycles
Hegemony
Ethnocentrism
Apply your knowledge: Discuss a current international

issue involving a former colonial territory
World Systems: Division of Labor

Colonial economies
Needs of core regions
Development of
oceangoing steamships
Suez and Panama

Canals
Network of telegraph
communications
Figure 2.11 International telegraph network in 1900
World Systems: British Empire
Figure 2.13 Late 1800s British empire
Apply your knowledge: Where were your clothes sewed?

Where did the materials come from? How does this relate
to division of labor and comparative advantage?
Environmental determinism
Third World
Neocolonialism
Commercial imperialism
Transnational corporations
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Apply your knowledge: Provide an example of how

neocolonialism reinforces the power and influence of core
countries. Be specific. What is the role of transnational
corporations in neocolonialism?
World Systems: Core & Periphery, (contd)
Figure 2.9 The world-system in 1800
World Systems: Core & Periphery, (contd)
Globalization
Increasing interconnectedness of the world
Economic, environmental, political, cultural
Greater speed, larger scale, broader scope, and
greater complexity than in the past
Commodity chains
Increase in significance of place
Mobility of money, labor, products, and ideas
Globalization, (contd)
Figure 2.B The commodity chain of a pair of Lee Cooper jeans
Globalization: Environment
Figure 2.15 The human footprint
Globalization: Environment, (contd)
Figure 2.16 Pollution continues to threaten

the ecosystem of Lake Baykal
Figure 2.17 Three key aspects to

sustainability
Apply your knowledge: Give an example of a local

environmental concern. How does it relate to economic
development and social equity?
Globalization: Health
Figure 2.18 Diffusion of the HIV virus
Globalization, (contd)
Security
Risk society
Spatial Justice
Cultural Imperialism
Westernization
Jihad vs. McWorld
Figure 2.19 Communication flow between

major world regions
Globalization: Worlds Apart
Figure 2.C An Ethiopian family
Figure 2.D A Swiss family
Future Geographies
Figure 2.20 Westernization in Istanbul
Apply your knowledge: Find a story in a national

newspaper that addresses an issue associated with
contemporary globalization. How does the article illustrate
the increasing interdependence of place and region?
End of Chapter 2

HG 6e CH 02 Lecture

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Chapter 2 Lecture

Human Geography: Places and

The Changing Global

Evolution of the Modern World

Figure: Chapter 2 Opener An Icelandic ash plume impacted flights on a global

The Premodern World

[Insert Figure 2.3]

Figure 2.3 A remnant minisystem in the Amazon

Apply your knowledge: Describe example of traditional

The Premodern World, (contd)

Figure 2.1 Old World hearth areas

Figure 2.2 New World hearth areas

The Premodern World, (contd)

Figure 2.4a Greek colonies and the

The Premodern World, (contd)

Figure 2.4b Highly developed

The Premodern World, (contd)

[Insert Figure 2.6]

The Premodern World, (contd)

Figure 2.5 The precapitalist Old World, circa 1400 C.E.

Figure 2.7 European Age of Discovery

World Systems, (contd)

Apply your knowledge: Compare maps of Brazil from

World Systems, (contd)

Three distinctive waves

Figure 2.A European industrialization

World Systems: Core & Periphery

Imperialism & Colonialism

Apply your knowledge: Discuss a current international

World Systems: Division of Labor

Suez and Panama

Figure 2.11 International telegraph network in 1900

World Systems: British Empire

Figure 2.13 Late 1800s British empire

Apply your knowledge: Where were your clothes sewed?

World Systems, (contd)

Apply your knowledge: Provide an example of how

World Systems: Core & Periphery, (contd)

Figure 2.9 The world-system in 1800

Figure 2.12 The world-system in 1900

World Systems: Core & Periphery, (contd)

Figure 2.12 The world-system in 1900

Figure 2.14 The world-system in 2010

Figure 2.B The commodity chain of a pair of Lee Cooper jeans

Figure 2.15 The human footprint

Globalization: Environment, (contd)

Figure 2.16 Pollution continues to threaten

Figure 2.17 Three key aspects to

Apply your knowledge: Give an example of a local

Figure 2.18 Diffusion of the HIV virus

Figure 2.19 Communication flow between

Globalization: Worlds Apart

Figure 2.C An Ethiopian family

Figure 2.D A Swiss family

Figure 2.20 Westernization in Istanbul

Apply your knowledge: Find a story in a national

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