Q)Describe the relation between Jet stream with the uper air waves of the westerlies.

How
is the jet stream related to the indian summer monsoon?(10)

jet stream is narrow belt of high altitude (>12000m.) westerly winds in the troposphere
whose speed varies between 10 Km./hr(in summer) to 184Km./hr(in winter),although
velocities of over 370Km./hr. ha sbeen recorded occaissonally.their location & velocities
have an important effect on travel times of flying aircraft especially in mid-latitude air
routes.
Westerlies are the wind system whch dominates the zones between latitude
40(degrees)N/S & 70(degrees)N/S of the equator.the flows of air from the sub-tropical high
pressure cells to the temperate zone of low presure cell,thereby maintaining the
fundamental meridional heat exchange mechanism.The prevailing wind direction in
northern hemisphere is from south-west & in the northern hemisphere in the north-west.it
is one of he strongest & most undisturbed airflows among the planetary winds.the velocity
increases with height & the southern hemisphere westerlies are stronger than their
northern hemespherial counterparts due to broader expanse of oceansJet stream leads to
upper air convergence leading to formation of anticyclones.
In the northern hemisphere the jet stream blows towards equator rom the
north-east & due to the seasonal variations due to pressure change due to shange in the
position of the sun from Tropic of capricorn to over Tropic of cancer during the July-Sept.
months.Hence,they spread westwards into central Pacific while in the Atlantic they extend
to the Brazillian coast.On it'swesterly pah the jet stream aids the formation of Macernes
high,an anticyclone formed off the madagascar coast.Moreover,hte presence of equatorial
troughs at 5(degrees)N - 5(degees)S is an additional incentive for the trade winds to take
the westerly direion 9on the basis of the concept that any fluid moves rom a region of high
concentration to the region of lower concentration).The trough along 5(degrees)N
weakens & it's counterpart at 5(degees)S moves northwars & merge with the heat low &
forms quasi-stationery monsoon trough.the sub-tropical Easterly jet stream which blows
over central & peninsular India in eastern direction during the winter season till the month
of May checks the early infiltration of S.W.monsoon winds in the sub-continent & it blows
at low altitude of 300mb.this sub-tropical westerly Jet Stream encourges
anitcyclonogenesis/diverging off-shore winds ,it moves north of Himalayas by end of
May.If this sub-tropical westerly jet stream fails to move as far as the north as normal or
when El Nono occurs,the result is failure of the south-west monsoon.
Upper troposphereic pressure paterns over are somple,with lw presure
over polar regions (cold contracting air ) & high pressure over the tropics 9thewarm
expanding air).However,due to earth's rotation, the pressure patterns are defomed into
huge,long Rossby waves of alternating low-pressure troughs & high pressure ridges
which wax & wane with time as has been revealed in the Index cycle.
Westerlies,which represent the the thrmal wind blows from expandng
warm air (highs) to contracting cold air ( lows) blowing in huge wave like oscillations
following Rossby waves ,especially in the northern hemisphere duing winter.Jet streams
are embodied in this westerly air flow & represent zones of highly concentrated kinetic
energy in the vicinity of polar ront (Polar front jet stream) & sub-tropics (sub-trpical jet
streams).
As there is low pressure near the ground surface over the subcontinent due to
heat low 7 due to northward movement of previously 5(degrees)S situated trough.this
causes high pressure in the upper troposphere.Since,upper air surface coupling of
pressure systems is necessary to maintain the essential 3-D linkage hence the onset of
the tropical easterly Jet stream which moves from east to west & helps in upper
tropospheric divergence or scavenging.
 Inter Tropical Convergence Zone develops on the equatorial limb of the
Hadley's cell where the ascending air above the tibetan plateau spreads south to join a
descending limb over the northern indian ocean near the Mecernes high & the cell is
comleted by the south-westerly winf flow.At his limb where I.T.C.Z. exists lies the
converging trade wind of both hemispheres,& is a distinct surface low pressure
troughs.However,satellite imageries have revelaed that I.T.C.z. is'nt a region of
continuously rising air with associated deep cumuliform clouds & heavy rain.However,it
must be pointed out that position of I.T.C.Z. varies seasonally in direct rsponse to changes
in loction of maximum solar heating & zone of seasonal maximum temperature(i.e.,
thermal equator).
The tropical easterly jet stream caries the heat energy of the
ascending limb of the Hadley's cell to the descending limb because although low pressure
exists at the surface but high pressure prevais in the upper troposphere but lw pressure
prevails aloft in the upper troposphere over the northern indian ocean due to high presure
at the sea surface.the westerlies thus maintains a distance between eastern tropicla jet
stream & sub-easterly tropical jet stream.apart from these the major part of the ow level
cross equatorial penetrates East africa in may & traverses the northern part of Arabian sea
bfore reaching India in June .Since,it's path at 90 (degrees)N coincide with zone of coastal
upwelling,the wide variations in sea surface temperature inluence monsoon winds & it's
picks up the moisture & when it is forced to rise above western ghats it brings rain.