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Practica: calorimetra
GRUPO: 2IM48
ALUMNA:
DIEGO AQUINO NAYELI
Objetivos de la prctica.
Consideraciones tericas.
La ciencia de la transferencia de calor est relacionada con la razn de
intercambio de calor entre cuerpos calientes y fros llamados fuente y
recibidor.
dT
dx
Tiempo T1
5
42.6
10
45.7
T2
33.7
36.4
T3
27.8
30.1
T4
24.2
26.2
T5
21.7
23.5
T6
20.2
21.8
T7
19.5
20.9
T8
19.1
20.4
T9
18.2
18.3
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
48
49.5
50.4
51.2
51.7
52.0
52.3
38.4
39.6
40.4
41.1
41.5
41.8
42.1
31.8
32.9
33.6
34.1
34.5
34.7
35
27.7
28.7
29.3
29.8
30.1
30.4
30.6
24.8
25.7
26.2
26.7
27.0
27.2
27.5
22.9
23.8
24.3
24.7
25.1
25.3
25.5
22.0
22.8
23.3
23.7
24.0
24.3
24.4
21.5
22.2
22.7
23.1
23.4
23.6
23.8
Clculos.
Balance de calor.
Calor inicial calor por conduccin calor perdido
Qinical QX Qperdido = 0
Qinical = V*I
Qinical = 10 volts * 0.38 amp =3.8 watts
Qx =-At k
TxT 0
X X 0
Tx To=
tiempo T1-T2
T2-T3
T3-T4
T4-T5
T5-T6
T6-T7
T7-T8
T8-T9
5
8.9
5.9
3.6
2.5
1.5
0.7
0.4
0.9
10
9.3
6.3
3.9
2.7
1.7
0.9
0.5
2.1
15
9.6
6.6
4.1
2.9
1.9
0.9
0.5
3.2
20
9.9
6.7
4.2
3
1.9
1
0.6
3.9
25
10
6.8
4.3
3.1
1.9
1
0.6
4.3
30
10.1
7
4.3
3.1
2
1
0.6
4.6
35
10.2
7
4.4
3.1
1.9
1.1
0.6
4.9
40
10.2
7.1
4.3
3.2
1.9
1
0.7
5.1
45
10.2
7.1
4.4
3.1
2
1.1
0.6
5.3
At * k= (pi * D2 / 4)* k
At * k= (3.1416 * 0.012 /4) * 104 kcal/h m
At * k= -8.16815*10-3 kcal m
X- X0 =
x
10
15
20
25
30
35
18.3
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
Qx =-At k
-5
-5
-5
-5
-5
-5
TxT 0
X X 0 =
Q1=
Q5 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (8.9/-5) =0.01454
Q10 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (9.3/-5) =0.0152
Q15 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (9.6/-5) =0.0157
Q20=-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (9.9/-5) = 0.0161
Q25=-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (10/-5) = 0.0163
Q30=-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (10.1/-5) = 0.0165
Q35 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (10.2/-5) = 0.0166
Q40 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (10.2/-5) =0.0166
Q45=-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (10.2/-5) =0.0166
Q2=
Q5 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (5.9/-5) =9.638417*10-3
Q10 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (6.3/-5) =0.0103
Q15 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (6.6/-5) =0.0108
Q20=-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (6.7/-5) = 0.0109
Q25=-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (6.8/-5) = 0.0111
Q30=-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (7/-5) = 0.0114
Q35 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (7/-5) = 0.0114
Q40 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (7.1/-5) =0.0115
Q45=-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (7.1/-5) =0.0115
Q3=
Q5 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (3.6/-5) =5.881068*10-3
Q10 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (3.9/-5) =6.371157*10-3
-5
-5
Q8=
Q5 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (0.9/-5) =1.4702*10-3
Q10 =-8.16815*10-3 kcal m (2.1/-5) =3.4306*10-3
TxT 0
X X 0 =
q5=
-q5 =104 kcal/h m (5.9/-5) =122.72
-q10 =104 kcal/h m (6.3/-5) =131.04
-q15 =104 kcal/h m (6.6/-5) =137.28
-q20=104 kcal/h m (6.7/-5) = 139.36
-q25=104 kcal/h m (6.8/-5) = 141.44
-q30=104 kcal/h m (7/-5) = 145.6
-q35 =104 kcal/h m (7/-5) = 145.6
-q40 =104 kcal/h m (7.1/-5) =147.68
q10=
-q5 =104 kcal/h m (3.6/-5) =74.88
-q10 =104 kcal/h m (3.9/-5) =81.12
-q15 =104 kcal/h m (4.1/-5) =85.28
-q20=104 kcal/h m (4.2/-5) = 87.36
-q25=104 kcal/h m (4.3/-5) = 89.44
-q30=104 kcal/h m (4.3/-5) = 89.44
-q35 =104 kcal/h m (4.4/-5) = 91.52
-q40 =104 kcal/h m (4.3/-5) =89.44
-q45=104 kcal/h m (4.4/-5) =91.52
q15 =
-q5 =104 kcal/h m (2.5/-5) =52
-q10 =104 kcal/h m (2.7/-5) =56.16
-q15 =104 kcal/h m (2.9/-5) =60.32
-q20=104 kcal/h m (3/-5) = 62.4
-q25=104 kcal/h m (3.1/-5) = 64.48
-q30=104 kcal/h m (3.1/-5) = 64.48
-q35 =104 kcal/h m (3.1/-5) = 64.48
-q40 =104 kcal/h m (3.2/-5) =66.56
-q45=104 kcal/h m (3.1/-5) =64.48
q20=
-q5 =104 kcal/h m (1.5/-5) =31.2
q25=
-q5 =104 kcal/h m (0.7/-5) =14.56
-q10 =104 kcal/h m (0.9/-5) =18.72
-q15 =104 kcal/h m (0.9/-5) =18.72
-q20=104 kcal/h m (1/-5) = 20.8
-q25=104 kcal/h m (1/-5) = 20.8
-q30=104 kcal/h m (1/-5) = 20.8
-q35 =104 kcal/h m (1.1/-5) = 22.88
-q40 =104 kcal/h m (1/-5) =20.8
-q45=104 kcal/h m (1.1/-5) =22.88
q30=
-q5 =104 kcal/h m (0.4/-5) =8.32
-q10 =104 kcal/h m (0.5/-5) =10.4
-q15 =104 kcal/h m (0.5/-5) =10.4
-q20=104 kcal/h m (0.6/-5) = 12.48
q35=
-q5 =104 kcal/h m (0.9/-5) =18.72
-q10 =104 kcal/h m (2.1/-5) =43.68
-q15 =104 kcal/h m (3.2/-5) =66.56
-q20=104 kcal/h m (3.9/-5) = 81.12
-q25=104 kcal/h m (4.3/-5) = 89.44
-q30=104 kcal/h m (4.6/-5) = 95.68
-q35 =104 kcal/h m (4.9/-5) = 101.92
-q40 =104 kcal/h m (5.1/-5) =106.08
-q45=104 kcal/h m (5.3/-5) =110.24
Flujo.
Qx =q
pi D 2
=q(7.854*10-5)
4
Q5=
Q5=122.72 * 7.854*10-5=9.6384*10-3
Q10 =131.04 *7.854*10-5=0.0102
Q15 =137.28 *7.854*10-5=0.0107
Q20=139.6*7.854*10-5=0.0109
Q25=141.44*7.854*10-5=0.0111
Q30=145.6 * 7.854*10-5=0.0114
Q35 =145.6 * 7.854*10-5=0.0114
Q40 =147.68 * 7.854*10-5=0.0115
Q45=147.68* 7.854*10-5=0.0115
Q10=
Q5=74.88 * 7.854*10-5=5.8810*10-3
Q10 =81.12 *7.854*10-5=6.3711*10-3
Q15 =85.28 *7.854*10-5=6.6978*10-3
Q20=87.36 *7.854*10-5=6.8612*10-3
Q25=89.44*7.854*10-5=7.0246*10-3
Q30=89.44 * 7.854*10-5=7.0246*10-3
Q35 =91.52 * 7.854*10-5=7.1879*10-3
Q40 =89.44 * 7.854*10-5=7.0246*10-3
Q45=91.52 * 7.854*10-5=7.1879*10-3
Q15 =
Q5=52 * 7.854*10-5=4.0840*10-3
Q10 =56.16 *7.854*10-5=4.4108*10-3
Q15 =60.32 *7.854*10-5=4.7375*10-3
Q20=62.4 *7.854*10-5=4.9008*10-3
Q25=64.48*7.854*10-5=5.0642*10-3
Q30=64.48 * 7.854*10-5=5.0642*10-3
Q35 = 64.48* 7.854*10-5=5.0642*10-3
Q40 =66.56 * 7.854*10-5=5.2276*10-3
Q45=64.48 * 7.854*10-5=5.0642*10-3
Q20=
Q5=31.2 * 7.854*10-5=2.4504*10-3
Q10 =35.36 *7.854*10-5=2.7771*10-3
Q15 =39.52 *7.854*10-5=3.1039*10-3
Q20=39.52 *7.854*10-5=3.1039*10-3
Q25=39.52 *7.854*10-5=3.1039*10-3
Q30=41.6 * 7.854*10-5=3.2672*10-3
Q35 =39.52 * 7.854*10-5=3.1039*10-3
Q40 =39.52 * 7.854*10-5=3.1039*10-3
Q45=41.6 * 7.854*10-5=3.2672*10-3
Q25=
Q5=14.56 * 7.854*10-5=1.1435*10-3
Q10 =18.72 *7.854*10-5=1.4702*10-3
Q15 =18.72 *7.854*10-5=1.4702*10-3
Q20=20.8 *7.854*10-5=1.6336*10-3
Q25=20.8 *7.854*10-5=1.6336*10-3
Q30=20.8 * 7.854*10-5=1.6336*10-3
Q35 =22.88 * 7.854*10-5=1.7969*10-3
Q40 =20.8 * 7.854*10-5=1.6336*10-3
Q45=22.88 * 7.854*10-5=1.7969*10-3
Q30=
Q5=8.32 * 7.854*10-5=6.5345*10-3
Q35=
Q5= 18.72* 7.854*10-5=1.4702*10-3
Q10 =43.68*7.854*10-5=3.4306*10-3
Q15 =66.56 *7.854*10-5=5.2276*10-3
Q20=81.12 *7.854*10-5=6.3711*10-3
Q25= 89.44*7.854*10-5=7.0246*10-3
Q30=95.68 * 7.854*10-5=7.5147*10-3
Q35 = 101.92* 7.854*10-5=8.0047*10-3
Q40 = 106.08* 7.854*10-5=8.3315*10-3
Q45= 110.24* 7.854*10-5=8.6582*10-3
Q10=
Q5=3.8- 5.8810*10-3=3.7941
Q10 =3.8- 6.3711*10-3=3.7936
Q15 =3.8- 6.6978*10-3=3.7933
Q20=3.8- 6.8612*10-3=3.7931
Q25=3.8- 7.0246*10-3=3.7929
Q30=3.8- 7.0246*10-3=3.7929
Q35 =3.8- 7.1879*10-3=3.7928
Q40 =3.8- 7.0246*10-3=3.7929
Q45=3.8- 7.1879*10-3=3.7928
Q15 =
Q5=3.8- 4.0840*10-3=3.7959
Q10 =3.8- 4.4108*10-3=3.7955
Q15 =3.8- 4.7375*10-3=3.7952
Q20=3.8- 4.9008*10-3=3.7950
Q25=3.8- 5.0642*10-3=3.7949
Q30=3.8- 5.0642*10-3=3.7949
Q20=
Q5=3.8- 2.4504*10-3=3.7975
Q10 =3.8- 2.7771*10-3=3.7972
Q15 =3.8- 3.1039*10-3=3.7968
Q20=3.8- 3.1039*10-3=3.7968
Q25=3.8- 3.1039*10-3=3.7968
Q30=3.8- 3.2672*10-3=3.7967
Q35 =3.8- 3.1039*10-3=3.7968
Q40 =3.8- 3.1039*10-3=3.7968
Q45=3.8- 3.2672*10-3=3.7967
Q25=
Q5=3.8- 1.1435*10-3=3.7988
Q15 =3.8- 1.4702*10-3=3.7985
Q20=3.8- 1.6336*10-3=3.7983
Q25=3.8- 1.6336*10-3=3.7983
Q30=3.8- 1.6336*10-3=3.7983
Q35 =3.8- 1.7969*10-3=3.7982
Q40 =3.8- 1.6336*10-3=3.7983
Q45=3.8- 1.7969*10-3=3.7982
Q30=
Q5=3.8- 6.5345*10-3=3.7934
Q10 =3.8- 8.1681*10-3=3.7918
Q15 =3.8- 8.1681*10-3=3.7918
Q20=3.8- 9.8017*10-3=3.7901
Q25=3.8- 9.8017*10-3=3.7901
Q30=3.8- 9.8017*10-3=3.7901
Q35 =3.8- 9.8017*10-3=3.7901
Q40 =3.8- 1.1435*10-3=3.7988
Q45=3.8- 9.8017*10-3=3.7901
Q35=
Q5= 3.8- 1.4702*10-3=3.7985
Q10 =3.8- 3.4306*10-3=3.7965
Q15 =3.8- 5.2276*10-3=3.7947
Q20=3.8- 6.3711*10-3=3.7936
Q25= 3.8- 7.0246*10-3=3.7929
Q30=3.8- 7.5147*10-3=3.7924
Q35 = 3.8- 8.0047*10-3=3.7919
Q40 = 3.8- 8.3315*10-3=3.7916
Q45= 3.8- 8.6582*10-3=3.7913
Q35=
Q vs t
2.5
Q1 vs t
Q3 vs t
Q2 vs t
Q4 vs t
1.5
Q
Q5 vs t
Q6 vs t
Q7 vs t
0.5
0
0
Q8 vs t
5
10
15
20
25
Tiempo
30
35
40
45
50
q vs t
4.5
q1 vs t
3.5
q2 vs t
q3 vs t
2.5
q4 vs t
q5 vs t
1.5
q6 vs t
q7 vs t
0.5
q8 vs t
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Tiempo
Flux vs Tiempo
60000
q1
50000
q2
40000
q3
q4
q5
20000
q6
10000
q7
0
0
qinicial
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Tiempo
Calor perdido
Qp2
Qp3
Qp5
Qp4
Qp6
1
0
0
Qp7
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Tiempo
Observaciones.
Para alcanzar el rgimen permanente la distancia entre las temperaturas debe ser
mnima es decir que ya no cambien casi en este caso su diferencia no es mayor a
uno.
Determinamos el flux y el flujo en cada nodo mediante las ecuaciones de la ley de
Fourier.
Existi una prdida de calor hacia la atmosfera ya que como no se tiene aislado el
sistema.
Conclusin.
Se determin el balance de calor total a travs de la varilla de bronce esto fue
gracias al calormetro. Y aplicando la ley de Fourier la cual establece que la
densidad del flujo de calor por conduccin, es proporcional a un gradiente de
temperatura, e inversamente proporcional a la distancia de propagacin del calor.
En este caso con el calormetro se propago el calor en la varilla solida de bronce
as obtuvimos nueve temperaturas las cuales una de ellas estaba hacia el medio
ambiente, es decir la temperatura del medio ambiente la cual no debe cambiar.
Es esta prctica existi una transferencia de calor ya que en las orillas de la varilla
existan diferentes temperaturas pero al ltimo logramos obtener un rgimen
permanente.
Bibliografa.