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Electromagnetics (I)
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CHAPTER1
Vectors and Fields

(Coulombs law)
(Ampres law)

1.1 VECTOR ALGEBRA

Vectors
Magnitude & direction
in boldface roman type (e.g., A)

Unit vectors
Right-handed system
Left-handed system

Components of a vector;
Vector addition; Multiplication of vector by a scalar;
Magnitude of a vector;

Dot product; Scalar product; Inner product

Cross product; Vector product; Outer product

Triple cross product; Scalar triple product

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1.2 CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM

Cartesian coordinate system
rectangular coordinate system
The point at which the three planes
intersect is known as the origin O.
Each pair of planes intersects in a
straight line.
These coordinate axes are denoted
as the x-, y-, and z-axes.
Values of x, y, and z are measured
from the origin.
The positive x-, y-, and z-directions
are chosen such that they form a
right-handed system,

Any point other than the origin is now given by the intersection
of three planes.
Each one of the three unit vectors in the Cartesian coordinate
system has the same direction at all points, and hence it is uniform.

Position vector; Vector joining two points

Apply what we have learned in Section 1.1 to vectors
in Cartesian coordinates.
The position vectors:

From the rule for vector addition,

Differential length vector

From elementary calculus, we know that for

In particular, at the point
Thus,