Astronomy

Heliocentric Model
Sun as the center of the universe, and
the planets orbiting around it.
Replaced geocentrism, which is the
belief that the Earth is the center of
the universe

Copernicus
Polish mathematician
and astronomer
Determined Earth was
a planet
proposed that the sun
was stationary in the
center of the universe
and the earth revolved
around it.

Kepler
German
mathematician and
astronomer
Discovered that the
Earth and planets
travel about the sun in
elliptical orbits.
3 fundamental laws of
planetary motion.

Keplers Laws of Planetary

Motion
1. Each planet moves in an elliptical
orbit. The Sun is at one focus of the
ellipse.
2. Planets speeds up when near to the
Sun, and slows down when further
away.
3. The further a planet is from the Sun,
the longer it will take to complete one
orbit.

Newton
English physicist
and mathematician
Laws of Motion
Universal
Gravitation

Laws of Motion
Objects in motion stay in motion
unless an external force is applied to
it
An object will change velocity if it is
pushed or pulled upon
For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.

Newton's law of universal

gravitation
states that every mass attracts every
other mass with a force that is
directly proportional to the product of
their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the
distance between them.

Sun & Moon

Motions of Earth
Rotation- spinning
Results in day and night

Revolution- movement around a

central body
Elliptical orbit
Perihelion- Earth close to the sun
Aphelion- Earth farthest from the sun

Earths tilt
Tilted 23.5
degrees
Creates
seasons

Phases of the Moon

New moon entire side shadowed
Full moon the entire side lit
First and third quarter moons -1/2
moon lit
Crescent -less that half lit.
Gibbous- more than half lit.
Waxing- becoming more lit
Waning- becoming less lit.

Eclipse
Lunar eclipse-

Moon passes
behind the earth, earth blocks the
Sun's rays from the moon.

Solar eclipse-

Moon passes
between the Sun and the Earth,
blocks Sun from Earth

Solar Eclipse

Solar
Eclipse

Lunar Eclipse

Lunar
Eclipse

Precession
A slow and slight motion of Earths axis
Like a wobble of a spinning top

Nutation- is a rocking, swaying, or nodding

motion in theaxis of rotation