ENGLISH BY THE NATURE METHOD BY ARTHUR M. JENSEN Endorsed by the Following Professors of English: 8. R.T. 0. D’ARDENNE, University of Lidge FRANZ DE BACKER University of Ghent FRANK BEHRE University of Gothenburg HELLMUT BOCK University of Kiel ©. A. BODELSEN University of Copenhagen @. BONNARD University of Lausanne KARL BRUNNER University of Innsbruck W. CLEMEN University of Munich L. ECKHOFF University of Oslo OTTO FUNKE University of Berne P.N.U, HARTING University of Amsterdam OTTO JESPERSEN (+) University of Copenhagen B. VON LINDHEIM Free University of Berlin H. LUDEKE University of Basle FERNAND MoSsé (+) Collége de France OLE REUTER University of Helsingfors K. SCHIBSBYE University of Copenhagen F. TH. VISSER University of Nijmegen MAX WILDI Inatitute of Technology, Zurich R. W. ZANDVOORT University of Groningen Tue Nature MetuHop INSTITUTES AMSTERDAM - BRUSSELS - COPENHAGEN - HELSINGFORS LONDON - MILAN - MUNICH - OSLO - PARIS STOCKHOLM - VIENNA - ZURICHPREFACES Extract from the Preface by OTTO JESPERSEN Ph. D,, Lit. D., LL. D., Late Professor of English Language and Literature in the University of Copenhagen Mr. Arthur M. Jensen has asked me to write a preface to his course: “English by the Nature Method”. It is with great pleasure that I comply with his wish, for I heartily agree with his method and think it has been on the whole carried out very skilfully and with real pedagogical insight. The main idea is that all, or nearly all, sentences should be self- interpreting, the meaning of new words being in each case readily understood without any possible doubt from the context, in the begin- ning aided here and there by a simple drawing, so that a translation is never necessary. In accordance with a wise old rule the author has not been afraid of repeating the same thing over and over again, especially in the beginning, so that words and phrases are as it were hammered into the brains of the student so as to be his possessions for ever. The most necessary grammatical forms are from the very first imparted in a natural way without using any technical terms; later some very elementary grammatical instruction is given with simple theoretical explanations. It is my conviction that the student who has conscientiously worked his way through the course will with a minimum of effort have acquired a fair knowledge of the English language and will be familiar with the most necessary words and phrases so as to feel at home in the language. Elsinore, May the 11th, 1942. Orro JesPERsEnPREFACES Preface by Dr. FERNAND MOSSE —— I have pleasure in giving my fullest approval to the course entitled “English by the Nature Method”, which I have examined with much interest. It is a genuine “natural” method, most ingeniously presented with great pedagogical acumen. Its user can be assured of the utmost success, provided that he never becomes discouraged if he is working on his own, and that he keeps on perseveringly to the end. It is only by thoroughly assimilating the most judiciously chosen sentences making up each lesson, by learning them by heart after having studied and understood them, that the student will gradually discover that he really knows English. When he reaches the last booklet he should be able to express himself with facility by the help of the words, forms and phrases at his command. Like the man in the Gospels who was cured by a miracle, he can then be told to arise and walk. Other highly qualified persons have already excellently expressed their opinions of this English course. I shall merely add that, even if similar methods are to be found, I know of none more capable of attaining the desired goal than the one so patiently worked out by Mr. Arthur M. Jensen. Paris, January 1955. FERNAND Mossé Preface by Dr. J. FOURQUET Profetsor of Germanic Philology in the University of Paris The method worked out by Mr. Arthur M. Jensen corresponds very closely to the ideal conception I had formed as I reflected on the best possible way of devising a rational system of modern language teaching inspired by the “direct method”. I had in mind a work in which the principles of this method would be applied down to the smallest detail. It would be necessary to pass from the phonetic transcription of isolated examples to a running transcription; to associate with pictures all 4PREFACES words capable of being so represented, to present the material progres- sively in such a way that every new element would be explained by a context made up of elements already acquired, and finally systematic- ally to base the acquisition of knowledge on complete sentence forms, passing gradually from the simplest to the most complex types. It should thus be possible to build up a language without having recourse either to dictionary or grammar-book, those lifeless collections of forms divorced from their context. I find all these requirements complied with in Mr. Jensen's work, to which I cannot but give my full approval. Moreover, the working out of every detail, no doubt thanks to much patience and ingenuity, is in every way worthy of the boldness of the plan and, if I may say so, of the purity of the principles inspiring the author. Provided one enters fully into the spirit of the method, namely never to make a step forward without having consolidated all that went before by the repetition of complete idiomatic sentences, one will be capable, by the end of the book, of immediate and spontaneous expression. It will only be necessary to make different combinations of the elements in the type sentence-patterns firmly imprinted on the nervous system, in order to speak with ease. The vocabulary, built up round centres of interest and always having a context, will be more readily recalled because of the network of associations in which it grew up from the start. This method can be called truly natural be- cause it takes the fullest account of the organic nature of language. Paris, August 1956. J. Fourguer Preface by Dr GEORGES BONNARD Profetsor of English Language and Literature in the University of Lausanne The author of “English by the Nature Method” has aimed at providing those who wish to learn English and are denied the help of an ordinary teacher, with a text-book that might, in little over a year, 5PREFACES bring them to the point where reading English books and conversation in English may be, or at least begin to be, actually possible. This means that they must be made to acquire an intelligible pronunciation, the essentials of the grammar, a fairly copious vocabulary and plenty of idiomatic phrases. A careful examination of the sixty chapters — each to be mastered in a week — contained in the sixteen booklets of the whole course has convinced me that Mr. Arthur M. Jensen has really succeeded in doing all he had set out to do. His main concern has been with young people in business, which is quite natural since it is in the world of business that he will mostly find young men and women who feel the need of some knowledge of English and have never had the opportunity of getting it. But he has taken care not to give undue importance to their requirements, so that his course may be used with just as much profit by whoever desires to learn English by himself. On reaching the end of the last booklet, any student with a normal, even if untrained mind, will certainly be capable of reading easy stuff, of understanding some- thing of the spoken language, even of speaking it to some extent. This result is obtained by the systematic use of the so-called direct method of teaching languages. The basic principle of that method, as every one knows, is to teach a foreign language without the help of the learner’s mother-tongue, except for occasional explanations. This can be done firstly by connecting as many words as possible directly with the objects, ideas, and actions they denote, and secondly by introducing new words, idioms, and grammatical facts in such a way that there can be no hesitation whatever in the pupil’s mind as to what they mean. In the class-room the teacher can easily point to many objects the names of which he wants to teach the pupil. He may use pictures re- presenting all sorts of things which are not at hand. A number of verbs can also be taught by means of gestures and movements. In a book meant for people who try to learn a language without a teacher, pictures can of course be used to some advantage, but they must be very clear and simple, so that there will be no risk of wrong associ- ations being formed. The pictures given in the margins of the booklets 6PREFACES answer that condition. But the author has had to rely, far more than any teacher in any class-room, on the second of the means at the disposal of the direct method, that is on the introduction of any new word, idiom or grammatical fact in such a context that its meaning can be grasped at once. It is in the application of that principle that “English by the Nature Method” is unquestionably superior to any text-book based on the direct method that I have ever seen. The skill with which everything new, be it a word, a phrase or a fact of grammar, is first presented is remarkable, at times even truly amazing. That skill will be best appreciated by those teachers who, intent on never deviating from the direct method, are often at a loss how to get it done. But every sentence seems so natural, in no way perceptibly composed for the purpose it fulfils, that the skill is never obvious. The new word must be, not only understood, but learned and remem- bered. It must become familiar. This can only be achieved by dint of repetition. But repetition, unless it be sustained by variety, will soon become wearisome. The new element must therefore be used again and again, each time in a different context. That is a serious difficulty. That difficulty has here been successfully overcome. Mr. Jensen has displayed a resourcefulness in the repeated use of the same element in different contexts which is equal to his skill in introducing it for the first time. And this is all the more creditable because he has done so not in discon- nected sentences — that curse of language teaching — but in continuous texts which, simple though they must be, quickly grow in interest. The course is divided into three distinct series of twenty chapters, each with its own general subject, and serving at the same time as a well-informed approach to various aspects of English civilisation, life and manners. Here again the author must be praised for his making the story he tells something more than a mere pretext for passing from one chapter to the next. The adventures and experiences of the clerk who marries his office manager’s daughter are sure to delight those unsophisticated young people who are most likely to use “Engslish by the Nature Method”.PREFACES One of the most interesting, and to my mind most judicious, features of the course is the importance it gives to the imparting of a decent pronunciation. The learner is expected to master the alphabet of the International Phonetic Association and study the simple descriptions of the sounds of English given in the introductory booklet before starting on the course proper, where, right underneath every word of the text, he will find its full transcription. This may appear a bit clumsy. But I do not see how else the problem of teaching the pronun- ciation could have been solved satisfactorily. At the cost of a slight initial effort, the student, however left to himself he may be, is sure never to go astray. And he is advised of course to use to the full every opportunity he may have of hearing the new sounds he must use. The instructions in the student’s own language which are sent to him with each booklet, the exercises added to all the chapters, and the para- graphs of grammar to be found in the last twenty chapters, all denote the same meticulous care, the same attention to the necessary details as have gone to the composition of the text itself. In conclusion I think it can be confidently asserted that those that set themselves to learning English with the help of Mr. Jensen’s method will be thoroughly satisfied with it, but on condition they do not imagine any language can be learnt without steady and even hard work. For this is not one of the least satisfactory features of “English by the Nature Method” that it does not pretend that you can learn to read and speak English in a few weeks or in a dozen lessons or so. May I add that in the hands of a competent teacher devoted to the direct method this course would probably do wonders in the class- room, Lausanne, February the 26th, 1951. Gerorces BoNNARDChapter One (1). The First (1st) Chapter. THE FAMILY ‘Mr, Smith Mrs, Smith s Ae Helen John ¢: Se man woman S baby girl Mr. Smith is a man. Mrs. Smith is a woman. John is mista smip iz a men. misis smip iz a wuman. dgon iz aboy. Helen isa girl. The baby is also a girl. Helen abi. heliniz a ga:l. da beibi iz a:lsou a ga:l. _helin and the baby are girls. Mr. Smith is the father. Mrs. | _ is and da beibi a: ga:lz. mista smip iz do fa:da, misiz | Sy saps «, . ¢ John is a boy. Smith is the mother. John is a child. Helen is a | Helen and the smip iz da mada. dan iz a tfaild. helin iz 9 | baby are girls. one (1) girl child. The baby is a child. John, Helen, and the baby | two (2) girls tfaild. da beibi iz a tfaild. dan, helin, and do beibi | one (1) child two (2) children are children. Helen is a girl. . r ~ Helen and the a: tfildran’ perChapter One (1). Mr. Smith is the father of John. Mr. Smith is the mista smip iz 89 fa:da av don, mista smip iz da father of Helen. Mr. Smith is the father of the baby. fa:da av helin. mista smip iz da fa:da av da beibi. Mr. Smith is the father of the children, Mrs. Smith is mista smip iz do fa:da av 6a tfildran. —misiz smip iz the mother of John, Helen, and the baby. Mr. Smith da mada av d3on, helin, and da beibi. mista smip and Mrs. Smith are the parents of the children, John and misiz smip a: do pearants av a tfildran. dan is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Smith. Mr. and Mrs. Smith iz da san av mista and misiz smip. mista and misiz smip are the parents of John. Helen is the daughter of Mr. a: da pearants av dzon. helin iz da do:ta av mista a the and Mrs. Smith. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are the parents John is a boy. and misiz smip. mista and misiz smip a: 9 pearants The boy is John. Helenand thebaby | of Helen. The baby is also the daughter of Mr. and al re = w helin, 89 beibi iz a:lsou d9 da:ta 9 mista and Helen and the | irs, Smith. Mr. and Mrs, Smith are the parents of the misie smip. mista and misis smip a: 9 peorants au da of The father of the | baby. children. beibi. Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith, John, Helen, and the baby are mista smip, misiz smip, d3on, helin, and da beibi a: a family. There are five (5) persons in the family. 2 femili, dear a: faiv —pa:snz_in da femili. Mr. Smith is a person. Mrs. Smith is a person. John mista smip iz 9 pa:sn. —misiz smip iz 9 pa:sn. dan 10The First (Ist) Chapter. is a person. Helen is a person, and the baby is also iz 9 pacsn. helin iz 9 pa:sn, and da. beibi iz 2:lsou a person. a pazsn. How many persons are there in the family? There are hau meni pa:snz a: dea in da femili? dear a: five (5) persons in the family. Who are the five (5) faiv pa:snz in da femili. hu: a: da faiv persons in the family? They are the father, the mother, pa:snz in da famili? dei a: da fa:do, da mada, the son, the daughter, and the baby daughter. How da san, 89 do:ta, and da beibi_— da:ta. hau many children are there in the family? There are meni tfildran a: dea in da femili? Gear a: three (3) children in the family. Who are the three (3) pri: tfildran in da famili. hu: a: da pri: children in the family? They are the son, the daughter, tfildran in 8a femili? dei a: da’ san, Ga do:ta, and the baby daughter. How many girls are there in and da beibi_ do:ta. hau meni ga:lz a: dea in the family? There are two (2) girls in the family. Go femili? dear a: tu: gaslz in da famili. Who are the two (2) girls in the family? They are the hu: a: do tu: gailz in 8a famili? dei a: da daughter and the baby daughter. How many boys are do:ta and da beibi do:ta. hau meni boiz a: there in the family? There is one (1) boy in the family. Geo in da femili? dear iz wan boi in do famili how many? How many girls are there in the family? there is there are There fs one boy in the family. There are two girls in the family. 11Chapter One (1). who? Who is the boy? The boy is John; he is the son of he hu: iz da bi? a bai is dan; hi: iz da san wv she they Mr. Smith. The girl is Helen; she is the daughter of Who is John? He is the son. mista smip, da ga:l iz helin; fi: iz da dj:ta av Who is Helen? She is the Mr. Smith. The man is Mr. Smith; he is the father. daughter. mista smip. a man iz mista smip; hi: iz da fa:da. Who are Helen and the baby? The woman is Mrs. Smith; she is the mother. The They are the oa gene: Fi ma daushiews 2 wuman is misis smip; fi: iz da mada. da man and the woman are Mr. and Mrs. Smith; they are man and da wuman a: mista and misiz smip; dei a: the parents. a pearants. John is the brother of Helen. Helen is the sister of dz iz da brada av helin. helin iz da sista av John, The baby is the sister of John and Helen. The oot d3on. 89 beibi iz da sista ov dgzm and helin. do boy persons | baby and Helen are sisters. John and Helen are baby beibi and helin a: sistas. dg and hhelin_ a: father mother }parents brother and sister. boy brada and sista. girl fentren baby Mr. Smith is the husband of Mrs. Smith. Mrs. Smith mista smip ig 0a hasband avmisis smip. misiz smip is the wife of Mr. Smith, Who is Mr. Smith? He is the iz 09 waif av mista smip. hu: iz mista smip? hi: is da husband of Mrs. Smith and the father of the three (3) hasband avmisiz smip and a fa:da ov da pri: children. Who is Mrs. Smith? She is the wife of Mr. tfildran hu: iz misis smip? fi: iz da waif av mistaThe First (1st) Chapter. Smith and the mother of the three (3) children. The smip and da mada av da pri: tfildran. da three (3) children are the son, the daughter, and the pri: tfildron a: da san, da da:ta, and da baby daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Smith. The father, the beibi da:ta. av _mista and misis smip. da fa:da, da mother, the son, the daughter, and the baby daughter mado, a san, da do:ta, and da beibi_ da:ta are a family of five (5) persons. a: a femili av fav — pa:sne. EXERCISE A (eksasaiz ci). Mr. Smith isa —. Mrs. Smith isa —. John is a —. | man Helen isa —. Helen and the baby are John is a—, | woman and Helen and the baby are also —. There — one boy | Mr. in the family. There — two girls in the family. There | Mrs. — one father in the family. There — three children in | boy the family. John — the son. Mrs. Smith — the mother. | girl Mr. and Mrs. Smith — the parents. John, Helen, and | baby the baby — the children. Mr. Smith is — father of | person John. Helcn is the daughter — Mr. Smith. John, Helen, | child and the baby are — children — Mr. Smith. children father The man is — Smith; he — the father. The boy is | mother John; — is the son. The woman is — Smith; — is the | son mother. The girls are Helen and the baby; — are the | daughter daughters. John is the — of Helen. Helen is the — | sister of John. John and Helen are — and —. Mr. Smith | brother 13Chapter One (1). parents family wife husband one two three a the is are of there he she they and also five in how many? who? exercise word 14 is the — of Mrs. Smith. Mrs, Smith is the — of Mr. Smith. There are five — in the family. The five — in the family are the —, the —, the —, the —, and the —. — boy is John; — — the son. — man is Mr. Smith; he is the —. — woman is Mrs. Smith; she is the —. — girls are Helen and the baby; they are the —. — father and — mother are Mr. and Mrs. Smith; they are — parents of the children. — is Mr. Smith? He is the father — — children. — many children are there in the family? There are — children in the family. How — boys are there in the family? There is — boy in the family. — — girls are there in the family? There are — girls in the family. | — are the three children in the family? The — children are John,.Helen, and the baby. — is the son? The — is John. — are the daughters? | — daughters — Helen and the baby. — — persons — there in the family? There — five — in the family. — are the — persons in — family? — are — father, — mother, — son, and — two daughters. EXERCISE B (eksasaiz bi:). Who is the man? ——— —— . Who is the woman? a . Who is the boy? — ———. Who are the two girls?) —— ———— —— . Who are the parents of John, Helen, and the baby? — ———, —, —---- - How many persons are there inThe First (1st) Chapter. the family? — ——————. . Who are the five persons? — — — — — —, — -, See How many children are there in the family? — — — ——-—-—. Whoare they? ———,—,———. 7 How many girls are there in the family? —— — — ——-—. Who are they? ————W— . How many boys are there in the family? — —— —— — —. Who is Helen? — — — — — — —. - Who is Mrs. Smith? ——--————. . Who is Mr. Smith? 15Chapter Two (2). The Second (2nd) Chapter. is are February is a month. ‘There are twelve months. one - first two -second three - third four - fourth five - fifth six - sixth seven - seventh eight - eighth nine - ninth ten - tenth eleven - eleventh twelve - twelfth thirteen - thir- teenth fourteen - four- teenth 16 THE YEAR January is a month. February is also a month. There dgenjuari iz 9 manp. — februari is o:lsou a manp. dear are twelve (12) months, one (1), two (2), three (3), a: twelv mans, — wan, tu:, pri:, four (4), five (5), six (6), seven (7), eight (8), nine (9), fo, fain, —siks, sewn, cit, ain, ten (10), eleven (11), twelve (12). ten, i'levn, twelv. January is the first (Ist) month. February is the dgenjuariiz do — fa:st ~~ manp. — februari iz da second (2nd) month. March is the third (3rd) month. sekand — manp. —ma:tf is da pad man. April is the fourth (4th) month. May is the fifth (5th) eipril iz da fa:p — manp.— mei iz Oa ff month, June is the sixth (6th) month. July is the manp. — dgu:n iz da siksp man. dgu'lai iz 0a seventh (7th) month. August is the eighth (8th) month. seunb — manp. —a:gast is di eit) ~—amanp. September is the ninth (9th) month. October is the sapitemba iz da nainp — manp. —ak'touba iz da tenth (10th) month, November is the eleventh (11th) tenb — manp. —nou'vemba iz di i'leenp month, December is the twelfth (12th) month, manp. —di'semba iz da twelfh man.The Second (2nd) Chapter January and February are months. There are twelve dgenjuari and februari a: manps. dear a: twelv months in a year. January is the first month of the manps in a fia. dgenjuariiz da fa:st manp av da year. December is the last month of the year. A year jia. ditsembo iz do la:st manp ov da jis, 9 jia has twelve months. A month has four weeks. Three hes twely manps. 9 manp has fo: wicks, — pri: months have thirteen (13) weeks. A week has seven manps hav — atin wicks. 9 wick hez sevn days. Two weeks have fourteen (14) days. deiz. tu: wisks hev fazti:n deiz, How many months are there in a year? There are hau = meni manps a: dea in a fia? dear a: twelve months in a year. How many weeks are there twelv manps ina jia, hau meni wi:ks a: dea in a month? There are four weeks in a month. How in a manp? dear a: fa: wisks in a manp. hau many days are there in a week? There are seven days k? dear a: seun deiz meni deiz a: dea in a wi in a week. What are the seven days of the week? in a wick. hwot a: da sevn deig av da wi:k? The seven days of the week are: Sunday, Monday, 0a seun deizg av da wi:k a:: sandi, mandi, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday. tju:sdi, wensdi, —iparsdi, fraidi, —_s@etadi. What month is the first month of the year? January is hwot manp iz da fa:st manp av da jia? dgenjuariia has have One week has seven days. ‘Two weeks have fourteen days. 17Chapter Two (2). what? which of? What is the first month of the year? Which of the months of the year is the first? 18 the first month of the year. What is the last month of 6a fa:st manp av da fia. hwot iz da la:st manp av the year? December is the last month of the year. da jis? — di'semba iz a la:st manp av a jia. What is the first day of the week? Sunday is the hwot iz da fa:st dei av da wi:k? sandi is da first day of the week. | What is the last day of the fa:st dei av da wisk. —hwat iz da la:st dei wv a week? Saturday is the last day of the week. wik? setadi iz da la:st dei av da wk. Which of the days of the week is the first? Sunday is hwit{ av da deiz av da wick iz da fa:st? sandi iz the first day of the week. Which of the days of the da fa:st dei av da wick. hwitf av da deiz av da week is the second (2nd)? Monday is the second (2nd) day wick iz da sekand? mandi iz da sekand dei of the week. Tuesday is the third (3rd) day of the week. av da wick. — tju:edi iz da pa:d = dei av da wick. Wednesday is the fourth (4th) day of the week. Thurs- wenzdi iz da fap dei av da wick. — paze- day is the fifth (5th) day of the week. Friday is the di iz da fifh dei av da wick. fraidi iz da sixth (6th) day of the week. Saturday is the seventh (7th) siksp dei av do wizk. s@tadi iz a sevnp day of the week. Saturday is also the last day of the dei ov da wi:k. swtadi iz 9:Isou da la:st dei av da week. Which of the months of the year is the wik. — Irwitf_ av da manps av da jo iz daThe Second (2nd) Chapter. twelfth (12th)? December is the twelfth (12th) and tewelf p? di'semba iz 60 — twelfp and also the last month of the year. What is the ninth (9th) a:lsou da la:st manp ov da jis. haat iz 9 ain month of the year? September is the ninth (9th) month. manp av da jia? — sap'temba iz da —nainb ~—- man. What day is the eighth (8th) day of the week? There is hwot dei iz dt eith dei av da wirk? dear iz no eighth (8th) day of the week. There are only nou eith dei av da wick, dear a: ounli seven (7) days in a week. Which of the months of the seon deiz in 0 wick. —hwit{ av da manps ov do year is the thirteenth (13th)? There is no thirteenth jio iz a pazti:np? dear iz nou pa:ti:np month of the year. There are only twelve months in manp av 60 fia, dear a: ounli twelv manps in a year. a jia. EXERCISE A. January isa —. March and April are—. — is the first month of the year. February is the — month of the year. March is the — month. April is the — month. May is the — month. June is the — month. July is the — month, August is the — month. Sep- tember is the — month, October is the — month. November is the — month. December is the — and also the — month of the year. no There is no eighth day of the week. WORDS: four six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen first second 19Chapter Two (2). third A — has twelve months. A — has seven days, Two fourth — — fourteen days. The seven days of the week ae are: —,—,—,—,—,—,—. There is — eighth day see of the week. There is — thirteenth month; a year seventh eighth has — twelve months. The twelve months of the year ninth aLei Sunday tenth is the — day of the week. . Saturday is the — — of eleventh the week. protien How — days are there-in a week? ‘There are — days Paes, —a week. — many weeks has a month? A month month has — weeks. | — many weeks — three months? year Three months — — weeks. — — months has a year? week A year — — months, — is the first month of the day year? — is the first month of the year. — is the ‘ourt lay of ie week? e fourt lay Ol ie January fourth day of th k? ‘The fourth day of th February . . March week is —, — is the last month of the year? The April last month of the year is —. — of the months of the May year is the thirteenth? There is — thirteenth month; June there are — twelve months — a year. July August September October November EXERCISE B. December : Sunday How many months are there in a year? — — — — — Monday —-—. How many days has a week? — — — — —. 7 Tuesday How many days have two weeks? — — — — — . How Wednesday many weeks are there in a month? — — — — — — —. Thursday Which of the months of the year is the first? — — — LULU —— . What is the second month? — — — Saturday 5 . ie ——. What is the third month? — —— ——. . What is the fifth day of the week? — — — — — — — —. 20The Second (2nd) Chapter. Which of the days of the week is the eighth? — — — ——-—-—-—. What is the twelfth month of the year? Which of the days of the week is the last? — — — — — — — —. . What is the thir- teenth month of the year? — —— — — — — -. . How many weeks have three months? — — — — —. . has have what? which of? no only 21Chapter Three (3). The Third (3rd) Chapter. what? it they What is the name of the boy? It if John. What are the names of the girls? They are Helen and Alize, 22 NAMES The name of the boy is John. The name of the girl da neim av da bi iz dzon. da neim av da gal is Helen, The name of the father is Mr. Smith. iz helin. da neim_ av da fa:da is mista smip. The name of the mother is Mrs. Smith. What is the da neim av da mada iz misiz smip, hwot iz da name of the girl? It is Helen. What is the name neim av da ga:l? it iz helin, hwot iz da neim of the baby girl? It is Alice. | What is the name av do beibi ga:l? it iz ais, wot iz da neim of the boy? It is John. What are the names of the av da bri? it iz dzon. hwot a: da neimz av da parents? They are Mr. and Mrs. Smith, What is the pearants? dei a: mista and misie smip. hwst iz da name of the family? It is Smith, Mr. Smith has a wife. neim ov da famili? it iz smip. mista smip hoz a waif. Her name is Mrs. Smith. Mr. Smith has a daughter. ha: neim iz misiz smip. mista smip hez a do:ta. Her name is Helen. Mr. Smith hasa son. His name ha: neim iz helin, mista smip hez a san. hiz neim is John. iz dgon. Has Mr. Smith a wife? Yes, he has a wife. What haz mista smip a waif? jes, hi: haz 9 waif. hwotThe Third (3rd) Chapter. is the name of his wife? Her name is Mrs. Smith. iz do neim ov his waif? ha: neim ie misis smip. Has Mr. Smith a son? = Yes, he has a son. What haz mista smip 9 san? fes, hi: haz @ san. hwot is the name of his son? His name is John, Mr. is da neim ov hiz san? hig neim is dzon, mista Smith has a son and two daughters. What are the smib hes 9 san and tu: do:tas. hwot a: da names of the three children? Their names are John, neimz wv 89 pri: tfildran? deo neims a: d3on, Helen, and Alice. helin, and ellis. John is twelve years old. How old is John? He is dgon ig twelv jizz ould. hau ould iz dgonP hi: iz twelve years old. Helen is ten years old. How old is twelv jiaz ould. helin iz ten jiaz ould. hau ould iz Helen? She is ten years old. The baby is six months helin? — fiz iz ten jiaz ould. da beibi it siks manbs old. How old is the baby? She is six months old. ould. hau ould iz da beibi? fi: iz siks manps ould. John is twelve years old, and Helen is ten years dgon is twelv jise ould, and helin is ten jioz old. John is two years older than Helen. Is John ould. dgon ig tu: jiaz oulda den helin. iz don fourteen (14) years old? No, he is not fourteen fo:tin jisz ould? nou, hi: ig not fostizn years old; he is only twelve years old. _Is Helen fiaz ould; hi: is ounli twelv jiaz ould. iz helin his her their The name of the husband is Mr. Smith. His name is Mr. Smith. The name of the wife is Mrs. Smith, Her name is Mrs. Smith. ‘The names of the children are John, Helen, and Alice. names are John, Helen, and Alice.Chapter Three (3). 24 thirteen (13) years old? No, she is not thirteen pa:ti:n jaz ould? nou, fiz ig mot pasti:n years old; she is only ten years old. Is Helen jioz ould; fi: iz ounli ten jioe ould. iz helin older than John? No, she is not older than John; oulda dan dzon? nou, fi: iz nat oulda den don; John is two years older than she is. dgom iz tu: jiez oulda den fi: is. John is not fourteen, but only twelve years old. Helen dgzan iz not fa:ti:n, bat ounli twelv jiaz ould. helin is not thirteen, but only ten years old. John is not a girl, iz not pa:ticn, bat ounli ten jiaz ould. dgan iz nat a gail, but Helen is a girl. Helen is not a boy, but John is a bat helin iz a ga:l, —helin iz nat a boi, bat d3an iz a boy. The baby is not old; she is young. She is only six boi. da beibi iz not ould; fi: iz jay. fi: iz ounli siks months old. Mr. Smith is a young man; he is thirty-six manps ould. mista smip ic a jay man; hi: is pa:ti'siks (36) years old. Mrs. Smith is a young woman; she is jios ould. isis smip iz 9 jay wuman; fiz iz thirty-two (32) years old. Mr. Smith has a father. The po:ti'tu: jiaz ould. mista smip haz a fa:da, da father of Mr. Smith is not young; he is old. He is fa:da av mista smip is not jay; — hi: iz ould, hi: iz sixty-two (62) years old. John, Helen, and the baby siksti'tu: jiaz ould. d3an, helin, and da beibi are young; they are children, a: jay; dei a: tfildran.The Third (3rd) Chapter. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are also young, but they are older mista and misiz smip a: 9:lsou jay, bat dei a: oulda than the children. The children are younger than their den da tfildran, da tfildron a: jayga den dea parents. Is John younger than Helen? No, he is not pearants. iz dgon jayga den helin? nou, hi: iz not younger than Helen; he is two years older than Helen. jayga den helin; hi: iz tu: jiaz oulda den helin. Is the baby younger than Helen? Yes, she is the iz da beibi jayga dan helin? jes, fiz is da youngest of the children. Which of the persons in the jaygist av da tfildran, hwitf av da pa:sna in da family is the oldest? The father of Mr. Smith is the femili iz i ouldist? 30 fa:da av mista smip iz di oldest. Which of the three children is the youngest? ouldist. hwitf av da pri: tfildran iz 0 jangist? The baby is the youngest. do beibi iz da jangist. Has John three sisters? No, he has only two sisters, haz d3on pri: sistas? nou, hi: haz ounli tu: sistas, not three. Have Mr. and Mrs. Smith four children? not pri:z. hav mista ond misiz smip fo: tfildran? No, they have not four children, but only three. Have nou, dei hav not fo: tfildron, bat ounli pri: hav Mr. and Mrs. Smith two sons? No, they have only one mista and misis smip tu: sanz? nou, dei hav ounli wan son, but two daughters. san, bat tu: — do:taz. young younger youngest Helen is young. She is younger than John, ‘The baby is the youngest of the three children, old older oldest How old is John? John is older than Helen. ‘The father of Mr. Smith is the oldest person in the family. has have John has two sisters. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have three children. 25Chapter Three (3). 26 What is the name of the family? The name of the hwot iz da neim av da femili? da neim av da family is Smith. What is Helen? Helen is a girl. femili iz smip. hwot iz helin? helin iz a ga:l. Which of the children is the boy? John is the boy. hwitl av da tfildran iz da bri? dg iz da boi. What day is it? It is Sunday. What is the first day hwot dei iz it? it iz sandi. hwat iz da fa:st dei of the week? Sunday is the first day of the week. av da wi:k? sandi iz da fa:st dei av da wick. What is the name of the first month? The name of hwot iz da neim av da fa:st manp? da neim av the first month is January. Which of the months is 4 fa:st manp izdzenjuari, hwit[ ov da manps iz the second? February is the second month. Ga sekond? februari iz da sekand man. EXERCISE A. The — of the boy is John. The — of the father is — Smith. The — — the mother is — Smith. Mr. Smith has a wife; — name is Mrs. Smith. Mr. Smith has a daughter; — name is Helen. Mr. Smith has a son; — name is John. John has a sister; the name of — sister is Helen. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have three children; — names are John, Helen, and Alice. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have two daughters; — names are Helen and Alice. Helen is ten years —. Mr. Smith is thirty-six years —. John is two years — than Helen. Helen is nine years and six months — than the baby.The Third (3rd) Chapter. The father of Mr. Smith is the — person in the family. Mr. Smith is older — Mrs. Smith. Helen is older — the baby. John is not fourteen — old; he is only twelve years old. Helen is — thirteen years old; she is — ten years old. Mr. Smith is — old, but young. Mrs. Smith is not aman, — a woman. John is — a girl, — Heler is agirl. John — two sisters. Helen and the baby — one brother. The children — two parents. Mr. and Mrs. Smith — three children. They — only one son, but they — two daughters. Mr. Smith —a wife. Helen — a baby sister. The baby — a brother and a sister. — is the name of the girl? W— is Helen. — is the name of the youngest child? — is Alice. — of the children is the youngest? — — is the youngest. — — the persons in the family is the oldest? The father of Mr. Smith is the —. — are the names of the parents? The names of the parents — Mr. and Mrs. Smith. — of the persons in the family is the youngest? The baby is the ———the family. — day is it? Itis—. — is the last day of the week? — is the last day of the week. — John a girl? —, he is ——. Is Helen — than the baby? Yes, she is — — the baby. Is the baby — — of the children? —, she is — six months —. —- Mr. Smith the husband of Mrs. Smith? —, he is — — of Mrs. Smith, EXERCISE B. What is the name of the baby girl? — — — ——— ——. : Which of the children is the boy? — ———. What day is it? —— —. What is the first day of the week? —————-—--—. What is the name of easChapter Three (3). yes the family? ——————-. . _ Which of the persons no in the family is the oldest? —————— ~~. Which his of the children is the youngest? — — —— — —— —. How old is she? — —— —— . How old is Mr. Smith? ae. | . How old is Helen? — ———— . How young many years is John older than Helen? — — — ———— . than Is Helen older than the baby? —, —————-—. . not Pat Is Mrs, Smith older than Mr. Smith? —, — — — — — thirty-two thirty-six ——. Is John old? —, — — ——. Is the father of sixty-two Mr. Smith old? —, — — —. Are the children young? : —,——-—. Are the parents old? —,————. Has John three sisters? —, — — — ——. Have the parents three children? —, — — ——. Have the girls a brother? —,—— ——. Are John and Helen brother and sister? —, —— — — —. . Have they a sister? —, — — ——. Have Mr. and Mrs. Smith two sons? —, — ————. What is his name? — ———. Which of the children is ten years old? — —Chapter Four (4). The Fourth (4th) Chapter. COUNTRIES AND CITIES Mr. and Mrs. Smith and their three children live in mista and misiz smip and dea pri: tfildran liv in England. They live in a house. Has their house a ingland. dei liv im a haus. hez dea haus window? Yes, their house has many windows. How windou? jes, dea haus hez meni windouz. hau many windows has their house? It has eight windows. meni windouz haz dea haus? it hez eit windouz. Has their house a door? Yes, it has two doors. It hes dco haus 9 do:? jes, it hes tu: do:z, it has also a roof. The roof is the top of the house. hes a:lsou a ru:f. da ru:f ig da top ov da haus. What is the top of the house? The top of the house hwot iz da tap av da haus? da tap av da haus is the roof. The house has four walls. Has the iz da ru:f. da haus haz fo: wails. haz de house a fifth wall? No, it has only four walls. The haus a fifp wa:l? nou, it hes ounli fa: waslz, da windows and the doors are in the walls. windous and da do:z a: in da wozle. Where is London? London is in England. Where is hwear iz landan? landan iz in iygland. hwear iz Paris? Paris is in France. | Where is Stockholm? paris? paris iz in fra:ns. —hrwear iz stokhoum? 29Chapter Four (4). one girl two girls one boy two boys one city two cities one country two countries Baby = the baby Helen and Baby are sisters. Helenand the baby are sisters. as-as (not) so - as Mr, Smith is as big as his father. Baby is not so big as Helen. 30 Stockholm is in Sweden. Where is Berlin? Berlin is stokhoum is in swicdn. hwear ig ba:'lin? baz'lin ie in Germany. Where is Copenhagen? Copenhagen is in dga:mani, hear is koupn'heigan? —koupn'heigan iz in Denmark. Where is Oslo? Oslo is in Norway. in denmazk. hwear iz sslou? aslou is in no:wei. Where is Moscow? Moscow is in Russia. Where is hwear iz moskou? maskou iz in rafa. hwear is Helsinki (Helsingfors)? Helsinki is in Finland. Eng- helsiyki (helsiyfo:)? —helsiyki iz in finland. iy- land is a country. Russia is a country. England and gland is a kantri, —rafa ig a kantri. — iygland and Russia are two countries. rafo as) tu: kantri Mr. and Mrs. Smith and their children live in London. mista and misiz smip and dea tfildran liv in Landon, London is a city. Copenhagen is also a city. London landan iz a siti, koupn'heigon iz o:Isou a siti, Iandon and Copenhagen are two cities. There are many and koupwheigan a: tu: sitis, deor a: meni houses in London. London is a big city. There are hausziz in landan. landan iz a big siti. dear az also many houses in Copenhagen. Copenhagen is also a:lsou meni hausiz in koupn'heigan. koupn'heigan is a:lsou a big city, but Copenhagen is not so big a city as London. 2 big siti, bat koupw'heigan iz not sou big a siti es landan. Helen is a big girl, but she is not so big as John. Is helin ig 9 big ga:l, bat fiz is nat sou big wz dgon. izThe Fourth (4th) Chapter. Baby as big as Helen? No, Baby is not so big as Helen; beibi ez big es helin? nou, beibi iz nat sou big az helin; she is only a small girl. Is John as big as his father? fiz i ounli a smz:l ga:l. iz dgon ez big @z his fa:da? No, John is not so big as his father. Is Helen as big nou, dson is not sou big ez hiz fa:d2. iz helin es big as her mother? No, Helen is not so big as her mother. @z ha: mada? nou, helin iz nat sou big ez ha: mada. John is bigger than Helen, and Mrs. Smith is bigger dg ig biga dan helin, and misic smip iz biga than John. Which is the biggest of the three children? den d3on. — hwitf i da bigist av da pri: tfildran? John is the biggest. Which is the biggest of the cities dz is da bigist. hwitf iz da bigist av da sitiz in Europe? London is the biggest city in Europe. in juarap? — Iandan iz da bigist siti. in juarap. England is a country in Europe. London is the biggest iygland is 9 kantri in jaorap. landan iz da bigist city in England. Sweden is a country in Europe. Stock- siti in inglond. swi:dn iz a kantri in juarap. — stok- holm is the biggest city in Sweden. houm iz da bigist siti in swi:dn. Mr. Smith is English. He lives in England. Mrs. Smith mista smip iz iyglif. hi: live in ingland. — misiz. smip is English. She lives in England. Their children are iz inglif. fi: live in iygland, dca tfildran a: English. They live in England. The English live in inglif. dei liv in inglond. di ~—iyglif tiv in big bigger biggest Helen is a big girl. John is bigger than Helen. John is the biggest of the children, biggest of the three children? = Which of the three children is the biggest? 31Chapter Four (4). England. The Danes live in Denmark. The Finlanders inglond. 9 deing liv in denma:k. 8a _finlandaz live in Finland. The Russians live in Russia. The liv in finlond. 9 rafonz liv in raja. a Swedes live in Sweden. The Norwegians live in Norway. swi:dz liv in swi:dn. 8a ng:'wi:dganz liv in no:wei. lives The Germans live in Germany. The French live in a da dga:manz liv in dga:mani. da frenf liv in John lives in a eee France. John and Helen " live in a house. fra:ns, England is bigger than Denmark, but it is not so big as ingland iz biga den denma:k, bat it iz not sou big ez France. Norway is bigger than Denmark, but it is not fra:ns. na:wei iz biga den denmazk, bat it iz not so big as Sweden. The house of Mr. and Mrs. Smith sou big ez swisdn, 9 haus av mista and misis smip is not a big house; it is a small house. Baby is not a iz nat a big haus; it iz a smo:l haus. beibi iz not a big girl; she is only a small girl. Helen is smaller than big ga:l; fi: iz ounli 9 smal ga:l. — helin is smo:la den John, and John is smaller than his father. Helen is dgon, and don iz sma:la den his fa:ds. — helin iz smaller than her mother. There are many houses in smg:la den ha: mada. dear a: meni hauziz in a big city. There are many big cities in a big country. a big siti, dear a: meni big sitic in a big Rantri. Denmark is not a big country; it is only a small country. denma:k iz not a big kantri; it ig ounti a sma:l kantri. 32The Fourth (4th) Chapter. There are not many big cities in Denmark. dear a: mot meni big sitis in denmazk. Mr. Smith is a man; his father is also a man. Mr. mista smip iz a man; his fa:da is a:lsou a men. mista Smith and his father are two men. Mrs. Smith is a smip and his fa:da a: tu: men, — misis smip iz a woman; her sister is also a woman. Mrs. Smith and her wuman; ha: sista iz 2:lsou a wuman. misiz smip and ha: sister are two women. Boys and girls are children. sista a: tu: wimin, boiz and ga:lz a: tfildran. Men, women, and children are people (persons). There men, wimin, and tfildran a: pi:pl (pa:snz). dear are many people in England. How many people are a: meni pi:pl in ingland. hau meni pi:pl a: there in England? There are forty-five (45) million people dca in inglnd? — dear_ a: fa:ti'faiv miljan pi:pl in England. How many people are there in Finland? in iyglond. hau meni pi:pl a: dca in finland? There are more than three million people in Finland. dear a: ma: den pri: miljan pi:pl in finland. There are more people in England than in Denmark. dear a: ma: pi:pl in iygland dan in denmazk. There are not so many people in Denmark as in Sweden. dear a: not sou meni pi:pl in denma:k @z in swi:dn. There are six million people in Sweden. There are dear a: siks miljan pi:pl in swisdn, dear a: more Swedes than Danes. mg: swi:dz den deins. one man [men] two men [men] one woman [wuman] two women [wimin} 33Chapter Four (4). What people live in England? The English live in hwot pi:pl liv in iygland? = di iglif iv in England. What people live in France? The French inglond. wot pi:pl liv in fra:ns? da. frenf live in France. What people live in Russia? The liv in fra:ns. wat pispl liv in rafa? a Russians live in Russia. rafonz liv in rafa. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have a son. Have they more than mista and misiz smip hav a san. hev dei mo: den one child? Yes, they have three children. They have wan tfaild? jes, dei hav pri: tfildran. dei hav two girls, but only one boy. They have more girls than tu: ga:ls, bat ounli wan b3i. dei hev ma: ga:lz den boys. Has John more than two sisters? No, he has boiz. hes dz mz: dan tu: sistas? — nou, hi: hez only two sisters. Are there more than four persons in ounli tu: sistas. a: dea ma: den fa: pa:snz in the family? Yes, there are five persons in the family. da femili? jes, dear a: faiv pa:suz in da famili What more persons are there in the family than the hwot mz: pa:sns a: dea in da famili den da father and the mother? There are the three children. fa:da and da mado? dear a: da pri: tfildran. EXERCISE A. Mr. and Mrs. Smith and their three children — in Eng- land. They — in a house. Mr. Smith — in England.The Fourth (4th) Chapter. The — of Mr. and Mrs. Smith has eight windows. The — of the house are in the walls. The — has two doors. The two — of the house are in the —. The house has four —. The windows and the doors are in the —. The — is the top of the house. The — of the house is the roof. England is a —. Sweden is also a —. London is a —. Stockholm is also a —. London and Stockholm are two —. There are many — in London. London has — houses, Denmark is a country in —. Russia is also a country in —. Mr. Smith and his father are two —. Mrs. Smith and her sister are two —. The mother of Mrs. Smith is also a —. London is a — city. Copen- hagen is also a — city, but Copenhagen is not so big a city — London. Helen is a big girl, but she is — — big as John. Is Baby — big — Helen? No, Baby is — — big as Helen. Is John — big — his father? No, John is — — big — his father. John is bigger — Helen, and Mrs. Smith is bigger — John. Helen is — than John. 9 — is the biggest of the three children? John is the — of the three children. — is the biggest of the cities in Europe? London is the — city in Europe. — is the name of the biggest city in Norway? It is—. Where —London? London is in—. — is Paris? Paris is in —. —is Stockholm? Stockholm is in. — is Berlin? Berlin is in —. — is Moscow? Moscow is in—. WORDS: live house window door wall roof top where? France French Sweden Swede Germany German Denmark Dane Norway Norwegian Europe England English Russia Russian Finland Finlander country city Paris Stockholm Berlin Oslo Helsinki Helsingfors Copenhagen MoscowChapter Four (4). London big so as small men women people forty-five million more 36 EXERCISE B. What people live in England? ... What people live in Russia? ... What people live in Sweden? ... Is England bigger than Denmark? ... Is England bigger than France? Is Norway bigger than Sweden? ... What people live in Norway? ... Is Russia bigger than Germany? ... What people live in Germany? ... What people live in France? ... Is the house of Mr. and Mrs. Smith a big house? ... Is Baby a big girl? ... Is Helen smaller than John? ... Is Helen bigger than her mother? ... What are boys and girls? ... What are men, women, and children? ... Are there many people in England? . How many people are there in Finland? ... Are there more people in Denmark than in Sweden? ... Are there more people in England than in Denmark? ... Are there more Danes than Swedes? ... How many boys and girls have Mr. and Mrs. Smith? ...Chapter Five (5). The Fifth (5th) Chapter. THE BODY A person has four limbs. All persons have four limbs. a pa:sn hez fo: lime. 9:1 pa:snz hev fo: lime. The four limbs are on the body. The four limbs are the da fa: lime a: om da bodi. da fa: limz a: da two arms and the two legs. How many limbs has John? tu: a:mz and da tu: legz. hau meni lime hez d3on? John has four limbs. What are the four limbs? The four dgon haz fo: lime, hwot a: da fo: lime? a9 fo: limbs are the two arms and the two legs. On the arm limz a: da tu: a:mz and da tu: lege, an di a:m is a hand, and the hand has five fingers. Where are the iz ahend, and da hand hez fai fiygaz. hwear a: da hands? The hands are on the arms. How many fingers hendz? da hendz a: on di a:mz. hau meni fiygas ' ‘has the hand? The hand has five fingers. haz da hand? da hend hez faiv fiygaz. On the leg is a foot, and the foot has five toes. All legs sm 60 leg iz a fut, ond da fut hes faiv tous. 9:1 lege have feet, and all feet have five toes. Where are the hav fist, and a:l fist hav faiv tows, hwear a: d0 feet? The feet are on the legs. How many toes has the fit? da fist a: on da lege. hau meni tous haz do foot? The foot has five toes. How many fingers has fut? da fut hez faiv touz. hou meni fiyges hez one toe two toes one foot two feet 37Chapter Five (5). —_—— Helen? She has ten fingers on her two hands. How many helin? fi: hes ten fiygas on ha: tu: hands. hau meni toes has she? She has ten toes on her two feet. The body tous hez fiz? fi: hes ten tous on ha: tu: fi:t. da bodi has a head. What is the head? The head is the top of . hez a hed. hwot iz da hed? da hed iz da top av the body. On the head many persons have hair. Not da badi. an da hed meni pa:snz hev hea. not all persons have hair; many old men have no hair. ail paisnz hev hea; meni ould men hev nou hea. Has Mr. Smith long hair? No, he has short hair. Is Mrs. haz mista smip Loy hea? nou, hi: hes fait hea. is misis Smith’s hair long? Yes, she has long hair; she has longer smips hea lay? jes, fi: haz toy hea; fi: has loyga 's hair than Mr. Smith. Is Helen's hair also long? No, she John’s hair = the | hea den mista smip. iz heling hea a:lsoulsy? nou, fi: hair of John. Mrs.Smith’shair= | has short hair, but John’s hair is shorter than Helen’s. the hair of Mrs. 5 . Saati hes Jo:t hea, bat dgons hea is fo:ta den helins. Who has most hair, Mrs. Smith or Helen or John? Mrs. hu: haz moust hea, misiz smip 9: helin 9: dgon? misiz Smith has most hair; her hair is the longest. Has John smip hes moust hea; ha: hea iz da Loygist. haz dgan more hair than Helen? No, Helen has more hair than my: hea dan helin? nou, helin hez mo: hea den John, but Mrs. Smith has most hair of all the persons d3on, bat misiz smip hez moust hea av 9:1 da pa:sns in the family. Mrs. Smith has long hair; she has much in 0 femili. misis smip hes ly hea; fi: hes matf 38The Fifth (5th) Chapter. hair. She has more hair than Helen. She has most hair hea. fi: hez mo: hea den helin. fi: hez moust hea of all the persons in the family. Has John much hair? av 9:1 da pa:snz in do famili, haz dgon mat{ heo? No, he has not much hair; his hair is short; but Mrs. | much nou, hi: hez not mat hea; hig hea iz fo:t; bat misiz | Morr Smith has much hair; she has more hair than Mr. Smith | Mrs, Smith has smip haz mat{ hea; fi: haz mo: hea den mista smip | she hag more hair than Helen. and the children. Have all men and women hair? No, | she has most hair and 8a tfildran. hav 9:1 men and wimin hea? nou, | of all the persons in the family. not all men and women have hair; but most persons not 9:1 men and wimin hev hea; bat moust pa:snz have hair. hav hea. A person has a face. The face has two eyes and two a pa:sn haz a feis. do feis haz tu: aiz and tu: ears. All persons have faces, and all faces have two ioz. a:l pa:snzs hev feisiz, and 9:1 feisis hev tu: eyes and two ears. How many eyes has Helen? Helen | many : F ae , | more aiz and tu: ia. hau meni ais hes helin? —helin | more has two eyes; she has also two ears. Helen has also a | sone oS yeaey ha@z tu: aiz; fi: hez o:lsou tu: iaz. helin hez 9:lsou 2 | there are more people in England, mouth and a nose in her face. Where are the nose and | There are most maup and a nouz in ha: feis. hwear a: a nouz and | people in Germany. the mouth? They are in the face. What is the face? 62 maup? dei a: in do feis. hwat iz da feis? The face is part of the head. What is on the head? do feis iz pa:t av da hed. hwat iz on da hed? 39 anChapter Five (5). neck > 40 There is hair on the head. Is the arm bigger than the dear iz hea on da hed. iz di a:m biga den da leg? No, the arm is smaller than the leg. leg? nou, di a:m iz sma:la dan da leg. Are the fingers part of the face? No, the fingers are a: 0a figgaz pa:t av da feis? nou, da fiygaz a: part of the hands. What are the hands part of? The pa:t av da hendz, hwot a: d9 hendz pa:t ov? 9 hands are part of the arms. What are the ears part of? hendz a: pa:t av di a:mz. hwot a; di tag pa:t sw? The ears are part of the head. Are the feet part of the Oi jaz a: pa:t av da hed. a: da fi:t pa:t av di arms or of the legs? The feet are part of the legs. Is a:mz 9: av a legs? da fi:t a: pa:t av da legz. is the baby a boy or a girl? She is a girl. Is Mr. Smith 4a beibi a bsi 2: a ga:l? fi: iz a ga:l. ig mista smip young or old? He is young. jag 9: ould? hi: is jay. The neck is part of the body. On the neck is the head. da nek iz pa:t av da bodi. on da nek iz da hed. The stomach is also part of the body. The stomach is da stamak iz 9:lsou pa:t av da bodi. da stamak iz at the front of the body. The back is also part of the et da frant av da bodi. da bak iz o:lsou pa:t av da body. The back is at the back of the body. The arms bodi. da bek iz et da bek av da bodi. di a:mz are at the sides of the body. Where is the neck? The a: @t da saidz av da bodi. hwear iz da nek? daThe Fifth (5th) Chapter. neck is at the top of the body. Is the back at the top nek iz @t dz top av da bodi. iz da bek at da top of the body? No, it is at the back of the body. Where av da bodi? nou, it iz @t da bek av da bodi. hwear is the stomach? The stomach is at the front of the body. iz da stamak? da stamak iz et da frant av da bodi. The face is at the front of the head, and the ears are at da feis iz et da frant ov da hed, and di iat a: et the sides of the head. Where are the arms? The arms da saidz av da hed. hwear a: di a:mz? di a:me are at the sides of the body. a; @t da saidz ov da bodi. EXERCISE A. The body has four —. The four limbs of the body are the two — and the two —. On the arm is a —, and the hand has five —. The foot has five —. There are ten toes on the two —. On the — is hair. The head has a—. The face has two —, two —, a —, and as Mrs. Smith has — hair; her hair is — than Helen's; she has the — hair of all the persons in the family. John’s hair is —; it is — than Helen’s hair, but Baby has the — hair of all the children. — Helen much hair? No, she has not — hair, but she has — hair than John. Mrs. Smith has — hair of all the persons in the family. WORDS: body limb 41Chapter Five (5). part ‘There are not — people in Denmark. There are — at people in Sweden — in Denmark, but there are — hair people in Germany. | Mr. — house is in England. ee, Mrs, — hair is long. ‘The windows are in the walls — ma the house. The roof — — house is at the top. The — _ is at the top of the body, and on the neck is the —. eye The arms are at the — of the body. The back is at the ear —of the —. The stomach is at the — of the body. Are mouth the hands part of the arms — of the legs? — are part aan of the arms. Is Baby a boy — a girl? She is a —. an — are the feet part of? They are part of the — front What are the fingers — of? — are part of the hands. back — is the face? The face is — — front of the head. side — all persons faces? Yes, — persons have faces, and most all faces have two —, two —,a—, anda—. Have — persons hair? No, but — persons have hair. EXERCISE B. How many limbs has a person? ... What are the four limbs? ... Where are the fingers? ... What are the hands part of? ... On what part of the body are the toes? ... How many fingers and toes has Helen? ... How many legs has a person? ... What is in the face? ... Where is the stomach? ... Where are the arms? ... Is the neck at the top of the body? ... Where is the head? ... What is on the head? ... Has Helen more hair than Mrs. Smith? ... Has Mrs. Smith much hair? ... Which has most hair of all the persons in the family? 42The Fifth (5th) Chapter. ... Which of the children has the shortest hair? ... Have all people hair? ... What is at the back of the body? ... Are there many people in Denmark? ... Are there more people in England than in Germany? ... Which of the children is the biggest? ... Which is the smallest of the children? ... Is Helen bigger than John? ...Chapter Six (6). The Sixth (6th) Chapter. THE GARDEN Mr. Smith’s house is in a garden. In the garden there mista smips haus iz in a ga:dn, in 89 ga:dn dear are many trees. There are big trees and there are a: meni tri: dear a: big trize and dear a: bree small trees in the garden. The big trees are tall. The -r) smal tri:zz in da ga:dn, a big trize a: tal. da GR 3 } | small trees are low. Where is Mr. Smith's house? It is io 3 sma:l trizs a: lou. hwear is mista smips haus? it iz in a garden. Are there only tall trees in the garden? in 9 ga:dn. a: dea ounli ta: trizz in Ba ga:dn? No, there are also low trees. Is Mr. Smith’s house a nou, dear a: 2:lsou low tri:z, iz mista smips haus 9 high house? No, it is not high; it is only low, but it hai haus? nou, it ic not hai; it iz ounli lou, bat it is higher than the low trees. The tall trees are higher iz haia den da low tri:z. da ta:l trite a: haia than the house. Are all the trees in the garden tall? den da haus. a: 9:1 da tri:zz in da ga:dn to:l? tall = high No, some of the trees are tall, and some of the trees tall now, sam av da trizz a: ta:l, and sam av da tri:z high Big persons are | are low. Are all persons big? No, some persons are Cae a: lou. a: 9:1 pa:snz big? nou, sam pa:snz a: Big houses are high. big, and some persons are small. Mr. Smith is tall, big, and sam pa:sns a smal. mista smip ig t3:1, 44The Sixth (6th) Chapter. but Mrs. Smith is not so tall. She is taller than John bat misig smip iz nat sow tal. fiz iz to:la den dgon and Helen. Are all persons tall? No, some persons and helin, a: 9:1 passnz 3:1? nou, sam pa:snz are tall, and some persons are short. a: 19:1, and sam pa:snz a: fact. A tree is a plant; a flower is a plant. Trees are tall a tri: iz a pla:nt; a flaua iz a pla:nt. tri:z a: tal plants. A bush is also a plant. Flowers and grass are pla:nts. a buf iz 9:lsou a pla:nt. flauaz and gra:s a: low plants. Are trees the only plants in the garden? lou pla:nts. a: tri:e di ounli pla:nts in da ga:dn? No, there are also other plants in the garden. Is Helen nou, dear a: a:lsou ada pla:nts in da ga:dn, iz _helin the only girl in the family? No, there is also another 4i ounli ga:l in da femili? nou, dear iz 2:lsou a'nada girl in the family; the baby is the other girl in the ga:l in da femili; da beibi iz di ada ga:l in da family. There is only one son in the family; John is femili, decor i ounli wan san in 0 famili; dgon ic the only son in the family. di ounli san in da famili. Which of the plants in the garden are the biggest? The hwitf ov a pla:nts in 49 ga:dn a: da bigist? da trees are the biggest plants. What are the other plants trisz a: da bigist pla:nts, hwst a: di ada pla:nts in the garden? The other plants are the flowers, the in da ga:dn? di do pla:nts a: da flaues, da low short Small trees and small houses are low. Small persons are short. 45Chapter Six (6). one branch two branches one bush two bushes one leaf two leaves 46 bushes, and the grass. The trees and the flowers have bufiz, and 89 gra:s. 89 tri:z ond da flausz hav leaves. The colour of a leaf is green. Are the bushes lisvs. da kala av a li:f iz gri:n, a: da bufis tall plants? No, the bushes are low plants; they have ta:1 pla:nts? nou, da bufis a: lou pla:nts; dei hev branches and leaves. Have flowers branches? No, bra:nfiz ond livvz, hav flauac bra:nfiz? nou, flowers have no branches, but they have leaves. Have flauaz hav nou bra:nfiz, bat dei hev li:ve. hev trees branches? Yes, trees have branches as well as tri:e bra:nfie? jes, tri:z hev bra:nfiz ez wel ez leaves. What is the colour of grass? The colour of lisuz. hwot iz da kala av gra:s? da kala av grass is green. Have the trees and the bushes leaves? gra:s iz gri:zn, hav da tri:z and da bufiz lizvz? Yes, both the trees and the bushes have leaves. jes, boup da tri:z and da bufis hav li:vs. What is the colour of a leaf? The colour of a leaf is hwot iz da kala av a li:f? da kala av a li:f iz green. Are there flowers only in the garden? No, grin, a: dea flauaz ounli in 6a ga:dn? nou, Mrs. Smith has some flowers in the house; there are misiz smip hez sam flauaz in da haus; dear a: flowers both in the garden and in the house. There flausz boup in 89 ga:dn ond in da haus. dear are flowers in the house as well as in the garden. Are a; flauaz in da haus @z wel es in 00 ga:dn. a:The Sixth (6th) Chapter. both Helen and Alice girls? Yes, both Helen and Alice boup helin and a@lis ga:lz? jes, boup helin ond elis are girls. John and Helen as well as the baby are a: ga:lz. d3on and helin ez wel ez da beibi a: children. Have the girls short hair? Yes, both of the tfildran. hav da ga:lz fa:t hea? jes, boup av da girls have short hair. Both Helen and the baby have gails hav fo:t hea. — boup helin and da beibi hav short hair. Ja:t hea. Some trees in the garden have fruit. A pear is a fruit. sam tri:z in da ga:dn hev fru:t. 9 pea iz a fru:t. An apple is a fruit. What is a pear? A pear is a fruit. an apl ic a fru:t. hwot iz a pea? a pea is a fruit Are there other fruits? Yes, the apple is another fruit. a: dca ada fruts? jes, di @pl iz a'nado fruit. The year has four seasons. Summer is a season, winter da jio hes fo: sisene. sama iz a si:en, winta is a season, spring is a season, and autumn is a season. iz a si:en, spriy iz a sizen, and 9:tam iz a sizen. The summer-months are June, July, and August. The 40 samamanps a: dgu:n, dgu'lai, and >:gast. di autumn-months are September, October, and November. a:tammanps a: sap'temba, ak'touba, and nou'vemba. The winter-months are December, January, and Fe da wintamanps a: _—di'semba, d3enjuari, and fe- bruary. The spring-months are March, April, and May. bruari. 82 spriymanps a: ma:t{, eipril, and mei. both - and as well as Both Helen and the baby are girls. Helen and John as well as the baby are children, both of Both of the girls are young. 47Chapter Six (6) 3 opple are in blossom = have flowers when? when When is spring? Spring is when the fruit trees are in blossom. How many seasons has a year? A year has four seasons. hau meni si:zns haz jis? 9 jia hez fo: si:ens. What are the four seasons? The four seasons are spring, hot a: 00 fa: sizenz? da fa: sizenz a: spriy, summer, autumn, and winter. How long is a season? sama, 9:tam, and winta, haw loy iz a sizen? A season is three months, When is summer? Summer a si:on ig pri: manps, wen iz sama? sama is the months of June, July, and August. When is iz da manps av dgu:n, dgullai, and a:gast. hwen i winter? Winter is the months of December, January, winta? winta iz do manps av di'semba, dgenjuari, and February. In spring the fruit trees are in blossom; and februari. in spriy da fru:t tri:e a: im blosom; the fruit trees are in blossom when it is spring. do fru:t tri:s a: in blasam hwen it is sprig. The trees have no leaves when it is winter. In summer 6a tri:sz hev nou li:vz hwen it iz winta. in sama and autumn the trees have fruit. When are the fruit and 9:tam da tri:ze hav fru:t. hwen a: da fru:t trees in blossom? The fruit trees are in blossom in t in blosam? da fru:t tri:z a: in blsam in spring. When have the trees fruit? The trees have spriy. hwen hev da tri:z fru:t? da tri:z hev fruit in summer and in autumn. Have the bushes also fru:t in sama and in 9:tam. hev da bufiz 9:lsou fruit? Yes, some of the bushes have fruit. The fruits frust? jes, sam av da bufis hev fru:t. do fructsThe Sixth (6th) Chapter. of the bushes are berries. What is a berry? A berry av da bufizs a: beris. hwot is a beri? a beri is the small fruit of a bush. one day iz da smo: fru:t av a buf. oe one berry two berries In winter it is cold. On some days in winter there is in winta it iz kould. an sam deiz in winta dear iz snow. The colour of snow is white. Is it warm in snou. da kala av snow iz hwait. ig it wo:m in winter? No, it is cold in winter, but in summer it is winta? nou, it iz ould in winta, bat in sama it iz warm. What is the colour of snow? The colour of wim. hwot iz da kala av snou? da kala av snow is white. Is snow cold or warm? Snow is cold. snou iz hwait. iz snou kould 2: wa:m? snow iz kould. Is there snow in summer? No, in summer it is warm, iz dea snou in sama? nou, in sama it iz wa:m, and there is no snow. and dear iz nou snou. EXERCISE A. Mr. Smith's house is in a —. In the — are many trees. | worps: Are all the — in the garden small? No, there are big : garden —and small —. The big trees are —, and the small | tree trees are —. Mr. Smith’s house is not high; it is —, | flower but it is — than the low trees. Trees and flowers are —, | bush 49Chapter Six (6). grass plant leaf branch pear apple berry fruit white green colour summer winter spring autumn season snow blossom cold warm tall high low other an another some both well when? when 50 and bushes are also —. Helen is not the only — in the family; there is also — girl in the family; the baby is the — girl in the family. John is the — son in the family. Trees have —. Bushes have also —. The colour of a leaf is —. The — of leaves is green. Trees and bushes have —. — have no branches. Trees have both leaves and —. Bushes have — leaves — branches. — trees — bushes have leaves. Bushes — well — trees have leaves. Flowers are not green; they have many — colours. Mrs. Smith has some flowers in the house, and she has also — flowers in the garden. She has flowers in the house — — — in the garden. Many — have fruit. A pear is a —, and an apple is a —. Pears and apples are —. — many seasons are there in a year? There are — seasons in a year. What are the four — of the year?, They are: —,—,—, and —. Which — the months are summer-months? The summer-months are —, —, and —. — — the months are autumn-months? The autumn-months are —, —, and —. — is winter? The winter-months are —, —, and —. — of the months are spring-months? The spring-months are —, —, and —. When — spring? Spring is — the fruit trees are in —. The trees have fruit in — and in —. Is it warm — cold in winter? In winter it is —, and on some days there is —. — is the colour of snow? The colour of snow is —. —— cold in summer? No, in summer it is —.The Sixth (6th) Chapter. EXERCISE B. Where is Mr. Smith’s house? ... Are all the trees in the garden tall? ... Is Mr. Smith’s house high? ... Are all persons big? ... What is a tree? ... What are the other plants in the garden? ... What is the colour of a leaf? ... Have trees and bushes leaves? ... Have they also branches? ... Has Mrs. Smith flowers in the garden only?... Are all persons tall? ... Are both of the parents young? ... Are both John and Helen children? ... What are pears and apples? ... What are the fruits of bushes? ... What is a berry? ... How many seasons has a year? ... What are the four seasons? ... When is summer? ... When is winter? ... When have the trees fruit? ... When are the trees in blossom? ... 51Chapter Seven (7). The Seventh (7th) Chapter. is are was were To-day John is at school. Yesterday John was not at school. To-day the children are at school, Yesterday the children were not at school. 52 THE WEEK The day after Sunday is Monday. The day after 6a dei a:fta sandi is mandi. da dei a:fta Monday is Tuesday. The day before Sunday is Saturday. mandi iz tju:edi. a dei bifo: sandi iz setadi. The day before Saturday is Friday. The day after do dei bi'fo: setedi iz fraidi. 49 dei a:fta Wednesday is Thursday. The day before Wednesday wenzdi is pa:sdi. da dei__bi'fo:— wenadi is Tuesday. It is Wednesday to-day. The day after iz tjusedi. it iz weneditaldei. ~=— 0 dei afta to-day is Thursday. It is Thursday to-morrow. The taldei iz pa:edi. it ig pazedi —ta'morou. da day before to-day was Tuesday. It was Tuesday dei bi'fa: ta'dei woz tjucedi. it woz tjucedi yesterday. The day before yesterday was Monday. The jestadi. d0 dei bi'fs: jestadi woz mandi. da day after to-morrow is Friday. dei a:fta ta'morou iz fraidi. What day is to-day? To-day is Wednesday. What hwot dei iz ta'dei? ta'dei is wensdi. hwot day was yesterday? Yesterday was Tuesday. What dei woz jestadi? jestadi wos tju:zdi, wot day was the day before yesterday? The day before dei woz d0 dei bi'fo: jestadi? da dei_bi'fa:The Seventh (7th) Chapter. yesterday was Monday. What day is to-morrow? jestadi woz mandi. hwot dei iz ta'morou? To-morrow is Thursday. What day is the day after ta'marou iz pa:sdi. hwst dei ig da dei a:fta to-morrow? The day after to-morrow is Friday. ta'morou? a dei_a:ftate'marou iz fraidi. John and Helen are at school to-day. ‘They go to school dzan and helin a: et sku:l ta'dei. dei gou ta sku:l every day of the week except on Saturdays and Sundays. evri dei av da wi:k ik'sept mn sa@tadiz and sandiz. They go to school every month of the year except in dei gou ta sku:l evri manp av da jia ik'sept in July and August. To-day is Wednesday; John goes to dgw'lai and o:gost. taldei iz wensdi; d32n gous ta school on Wednesdays. Both John and Helen go to Sku:l on wensdis. boup dgon and helin gou ta school on Wednesdays. The day before yesterday was sku:l an wensdiz. da dei bi'fs: jestadi woe Monday. John was at school on Monday. John and mandi. — dgon woz et sku:l on mandi. — gon and Helen were both at school on Monday. Was Helen at helin wa: boup @t sku:l on mandi. woe helin et school the day before yesterday? Yes, she was. Were | £5 sku:l da dei bi'fo: jestadi? jes, fiz woz. wa: | went both of the children at school on Monday? Yes, they | He#oes every a boup av da tfildran @t sku:l on mandi? jes, dei | They e everyday. He went yester- were both at school on Monday. John is at school | 2% z 5 "| | They went wa: boup @t sku:l on mandi. don ic at sku: | yee wenChapter Seven (7). does do He does. They do. He is. Is he? ‘They are. Are they? He has. Has he? They have. Have they? He learns. Does he learn? They learn. Do they learn? He goes. Does he go? They go. Do they go? both of = both Both of the children went to school = both the children went to school. to-day. He also went to school the day before yesterday. ta'dei. hi: a:lsou went ta sku:l da dei bi'f2: — jestadi. Both the children went to school on Monday. boup da tfildran went ta sku:l on mandi. The schools in England are English. The schools in do sku:lz in ingland a: — inglif. a sku:le in France are French. In some French schools the children fra:ns a: frenf. in sam frenf sku:lz 49. tfildran learn English. John goes to an English school. He la:n —inglif. gan gouz tu an inglif sku:l. — hi: learns French at school. Does John go to school? Yes, lang frenf et sku:l. daz dgongouta sku:l? jes, he does; he goes to school every day except on Satur- hi:.daz; hi: gouz ta sku:l evri dei ik'sept om sato- days and Sundays. Does Helen go to school? Yes, she diz ond sandiz. das helin gou to sku:l? jes, fi: does; she also goes to school. Does John learn French? daz; fi: 9:lsou gous ta sku:l. daz dgon la:n_ fren{? Yes, he does; he learns French at school. Do both the jes, hi: daz; hi: la:nz frenf et sku:l. du: boup da children learn French? No, only John learns French; tildran la:n frenf? nou, ounli dgan la:nz _ frenf; Helen is too young to learn French; she is only ten years helin is tu: jay ta la:n frenf; fi: ic ounli ten jiaz old. Do the French children learn English? Yes, they ould. du: do frenf tfildran la:n iglif? jes, dei do; they learn English at school. du:; dei lan inglif, et skuzl.The Seventh (7th) Chapter. The schools in Denmark are Danish. Many Danish da sku:lz in denma:k a: deinif. meni deinif children learn English at school. The children tfildran la:n igglif et skusl. da tfildran pen learn to read at school. They read books. They la:n ta ricd et sku:l. dei ri:d buks. bei also learn to write. The big children write with ink-stond a:lsou la:n ta rait. da big tfildran ait wid pencil pens and ink. The small children write with pencils. pens and iyk. da smo:l tfildran rait wid pensilz. They write on paper. What does John do at school? dei rait on peips. wat daz dgon du: et sku:l? He learns to read and to write. What does Helen do hi: la:nz ta ri:d and ta rait. hwot daz helin du: at school? She learns to read and to write. What do @t sku:l? fi: la:nz ta ri:d and ta rait. hwat du: E the other children do at school? They also learn to di ada tfildran du: et sku:l? dei a:lsou la:n ta read and to write. What does John learn to do? He ri:d and ta rait. hwat dag d3on la:n tadu:? hi: learns to read and to write. What does Helen learn la:nz ta ri:d and ta rait. hwot daz helin la:n to do? She learns to read and to write. What do the ta du:? fi: la:nz ta ri:d and ta rait. hwotdu: di other children learn to do? They also learn to read ada tfildran la:n ta du:? dei azlsou lan ta risd and to write. and ta rait. dollChapter Seven (7). to do to read to write What does John learn to do at school? He learns to read and to write, b e a : f & r - m the tip retore e to [19] a ? 2 : v v : an the [di] |octore to [t] a man an ink-stand a young [j4n] man an old man the [62] man the [di] ink-stand the [80] young jan] man the [i] old man to [1] school to [tu] an English school 56 What does John do on Sundays? On Sundays he reads Iwot daz dgon du: on sand on sandi hi: ri:ds a book or plays with a ball in the garden, What does 2 buk 9: pleiz wid a ba:l in da ga:dn, wot daz Helen do on Sundays? She plays with her doll, or she helin du: on sandis? fi: pleig wid ha: dal, 9: fi: and John play with their ball. What do children do and dzon plei wid dea ba:l. —hwot du: tfildran du: when they are not at school? They read their school- hwen dei a: not et sku:l? dei ri:d dea skucl- books and play in the garden and in the house with buks and plei in da ga:dn and in da haus wid dolls and with balls. What does John read? He reads dolz and wid ba:lz, hwot daz d3on ri:d? hi: ri:de books. What does Helen write with? She writes with buks. hwot daz helin rait wid? fi: raits wid a pen and ink. a pen and ink. Where is the ink? The ink is in the ink-stand. What hwear ie di iyk? di iyk is in di iykstend. —hwot is the colour of ink? The colour of ink is blue. What ig da kala av iyk? da kala av iyk is blu:. hwot is the colour of John's eyes? They are also blue. Many iz da kala ov dgonz ais? dei a: 9:lsou blu:. meni people in England have blue eyes. What do the small pi:pl in ingland hav blu: ais. hewot du: da smo:l children write with? They write with pencils. What ffildron ait wid? dei rait wid pensile. hatThe Seventh (7th) Chapter. do the children write on? They write on paper. du: do tfildron rait on? dei rait an peipa. Does John go to school on Sundays? No, he does not; daz d3on gouta sku:l on sandiz? nou, hi: daz not; on Sundays he is in the garden, or he reads a book in on sandiz hi: izin da ga:dn, 9: hi: ri:dz a buk in the house. Does Helen also read on Sundays? No, she da haus. daz helin 9:lsouri:d yn sandiz? nou, fi: does not; she plays with a ball in the garden or with daz not; fi: pleiz wid a ba:1 in da ga:dn 9: wid her doll. Does Baby play with a ball? No, she does ha: dal. daz beibi plei wid a ba:l? nou, fi: daz not; she is too small to play with a ball; she plays with not; fir iz tu: sma:l ta plei wid a bo:l; fi: pleiz wid a small doll and with her toes. Does John play with a sma:l dal and wid ha: touz. daz dz plei wid a doll? No, he does not; boys do not play with dolls. a dal? nou, hi: dag not; baiz du: nat plei wid dole. Does John learn German at school? No, he does not; daz dgan la:n dga:man et sku:l? nou, hi: daz not; he learns French. Do the small children write with hi: amg frenf. du: 89 sma:l tfildran rait wid pens and ink? No, they do not; they are too small to benz and iyk? nou, dei du: not; dei a: tu: smo:l ta write with pens and ink. Do the parents go to school? rait wid penz and iyk. du: da pearants gou ta sku:l? No, they do not; they are too old to go to school, but nou, dei du: nat; dei a: tu: ould ta gouta sku:l, bat does not do not Helen is not a boy. They are not old. The baby has not much hair. They have not many children. She does not read. They do not read. He does not write. They do not write. 57Chapter Seven (7). too to Too old to go to school. 58 they went to school when they were children. John dei went ta sku:l hwen dei wa: tfildran. dgan does not go to school on Sundays. Helen does not learn daz nat gouta sku:l on sandiz. helin daz nat la:n Russian at school. The children in England do not learn rafon et sku:l. 9 tfildran in inglond du: nat la:n Russian at school. Baby does not go to school; she is rafon @t sku:l. beibi daz nat gou ta sku:l; fi: iz too young to go to school; she is only six months old. tu: jay tagouta sku:l; fi: iz ounli siks manps ould. John’s parents do not go to school; they are too old dgonz pearants du: nat gou ta sku:l; dei a: tu: ould to go to school, but when they were young, they went ta gou ta sku:l, bat hwen dei wa: jay, dei went to school. John and Helen go to school; they are not ta sku:l. dzan and helin gou ta sku:l; dei a: not too old to go to school. tu: ould ta gou ta sku:l. Do all the children in the school write with pens and du: 9:1 da tfildran in da sku:l rait wid penz and ink? All the children write with pens and ink except iyk? 9:1 da tfildran rait wid pene and iyk ik'sept the small children; they are too young to write with 6a sma:l tfildran; dei a: tu: jay ta rait wid pens and ink. What do the small children learn to write penz and igk. hwot du: da smo:l tfildran la:n ta rait with? They learn to write with pencils. What do wid? dei lain ta rait wid pensilz. hwot du:The Seventh (7th) Chapter. they write on? They write on paper. What is the dei rait on? dei rait om peipa. hwot is da colour of the paper? The colour of the paper is white. kalo av da peipa? da kala av do peipa iz hwait. Are the parents too old to play? No, they are not. a: do pearants tu: ould ta plei? nou, dei a: not. Mrs. Smith plays with her baby, and Mr. Smith plays misiz smip pleiz wid ha: beibi, and mista smip pleiz with John and Helen in the garden with a ball. wid d3zan and helin in da ga:dn wid a bo:l. EXERCISE A. The day — Sunday is Monday. The day — Sunday is Saturday. The day — Saturday is Sunday. The day — Friday is Saturday. The day — Friday is Thurs- day. The day — Wednesday is Thursday. The day — Wednesday is Tuesday. To-day — Wednesday, and —jis Thursday. To-morrow is Friday, and — is Thurs- day. To-day — Monday, and — was Sunday. Yester- day — Tuesday, and to-day — Wednesday. To-day is Thursday, — is Friday, and the — — — is Saturday. To-day is Tuesday; — was Monday, and the — — — was Sunday. To-day is Wednesday; John and Helen are — school to-day. John — to school every day — on Saturdays 59Chapter Seven (7). WORDS: after before io-day to-morrow yesterday school Danish learn read write book pencil pen ink ink-stand paper play doll ball blue with to too every except go goes went was were do does 60 and Sundays. John and Helen — to school — day except on Saturdays and Sundays. John — to school the day before yesterday. John and Helen — to school the day before yesterday. At some French schools the children — English. John — French at school. The children — books. John — English and French books. Helen does not — French at school; she is only ten — —. The ink is in the —. The colour of the ink is—. The colour of John’s eyes is also —. — John learn Russian at school? No, he — not learn Russian. — the French children learn English at school? Yes, some —. — the English children learn Russian? No, they — not. — they learn French? Yes, they —. What — the children learn at school? They learn — read and — write. What — the big children write with? They write with — and —. — the small children also write with pens and ink? No, they — not write with pens and ink. What — they write with? They write with —. What — John write on? He writes on —. What — Helen write on? She also—on paper. What — John do at school? He — to read and to write. What does Helen — at school? She also learns — read and — write. What — the children do on Sundays? They — with balls or with dolls. Where — the children play? They — in the garden or in the house. — John play with dolls? No, he — — play with dolls; he — with a ball or — a book. Does the baby — to school? No, she is — young to go to school. Are the parents — young — go to school? No, they are not — young — go to school; they are — old. — Helen old? No, Helen — —The Seventh (7th) Chapter. old. — Helen learn French? No, Helen — not learn French. — John a boy? Yes, John —a boy. — he learn French? Yes, he — French. Are Helen and Baby old? No, Helen and Baby — — old. — the English children learn Russian? No, the English children — not learn Russian. — Helen and Baby sisters? Yes, Helen and Baby — sisters. — the children learn French? John — French; Helen — not learn French; she is — young — learn French; she is — ten years old. — John three sisters? No, John — — three sisters. — Helen and Alice two brothers? No, they — — two brothers; they have only one. EXERCISE B. When do the children go to school? ... Were the children at school yesterday? ... Is John at school to- day? ... What day is to-morrow? ... What do the children learn at school? ... Do they learn French in the English schools? ... Do the children in France learn English? ... What do the big children write with? ... What do the small children write with? ... What do they write on? ... What does John read? ... Does Baby go to school? ... Do the parents go to school? ... Are John and Helen too young to go to school? ... What do the children do after school? ... Where do they play? ... What does Baby play with? ... Does she play with a ball? ... 61Chapter Eight (8). The Eighth (8th) Chapter. 62 THE CLOCK A day has twelve hours. A night has also twelve hours. a dei haz twelv auaz. a nait hez r:lsou twelv auaz. A day and a night have twenty-four (24) hours. An a dei and a nait hev twenti'fa: auaz. an hour has sixty (60) minutes, and a minute has sixty (60) aua hez siksti _minits, and a minit hes siksti seconds. How many hours has a day? It has twelve sekandz. hau meni auaz hez a dei? it hez twelv hours. How many hours have a day and a night? auaz. hau meni auaz hev a dei and a nait? A day and a night have twenty-four (24) hours. How a dei and a nait hav twenti'fa: auaz. hau many minutes are there in an hour? There are sixty (60) meni minits a: dca inan aua? dear a: _ siksti minutes in an hour. How many seconds are there in minits in an aua. haw meni sekandz a: dea in a minute? There are sixty seconds in a minute. An a minit? dear a: siksti sekandz in 2 minit. an hour is a long time; a second is a short time. aua is a loy taim; a sekand iz a f2:t taim. On the wall in Mr. Smith’s house is a clock. The clock on da wal in mista smips haus iz a klok. da klak has a face with twelve figures on it. 1 is a figure, haz a feis wid twelv figaz on it. waniz a figa,The Eighth (8th) Chapter. 3 isa figure, 11 isa figure. There are also two priziz a figa, ileun iz a figs. dear a: 9:lsou tu: hands on the clock, a long hand and a short hand. The hendz on da klok, a log hend and a f2:t hend. da hands of the clock give the time. The short hand gives hands v a klok giv da taim. do fo:t hand givs the hours, and the long hand gives the minutes. di auaz, and da loy hand givs da minits. Where is Mr. Smith’s clock? It is on the wall in his hwear ig mista smips klk? it iz on da wail in hig house. What does the clock do? The clock gives the haus. hwot daz da klok du:? da klok give da time of the day; the short hand gives the hours, and tain av da dei; da fo:t hend give di auaz, and the long hand gives the minutes. Is there no hand to da ly hend give da minits. is dea nou hend ta give the seconds? Yes, on the face of the clock there giv da sekandz? jes, 2 0 feis av da klk dear is another small face with figures and a very small is a'nada smal feis wid figaz and a veri smal hand. Are the figures also very small? Yes, they are hend. a: 0 figaz :lsou veri sma:l? jes, dei a: very small. Baby is very young; she is only six months veri sma:l. beibi iz veri jay; fi: i ounli siks manps old. Is Mr. Smith very old? No, he is not; he is ould. ig mista smip veri ould? nou, hi: ia not; hi: iz thirty-six (36) years old. A second is a very short time. pa:ti'siks jioz ould. 9 sekand iz a veri fo:t taim.Chapter Eight (8). watch A watch is smaller than a clock. Mr. Smith has a watch, 2 wotf iz smaila den 2 klk. mista smip haz a wtf, and Mrs. Smith has a very small watch on her arm, but and misis smip haz a veri smo:l wotf on ha: a:m, bat John and Helen have no watches; they are too young dgm ond helin hev nou wstfiz; dei a: tu: jay to have watches. Mr. Smith gave Mrs. Smith her watch ta hev wotfiz. mista smip geiv misiz smip ho: woth when she was twenty-five (25) years old. The day hwen fi: woe twenti'faiv jizz ould. 9 dei when she was twenty-five (25) years old was her birth- hwen fi: woz twenti'faiv —_jiaz ould waz ha: ba:p- day. Her birthday is on the twenty-ninth (29th) of dei. ha: ba:pdei iz 2 da twenti'nainp av October. John’s birthday is on the twenty-sixth (26th) ak'touba. ganz ba:pdei iz on da twenti'siksp of July. On his birthday his parents gave him some av dgu'lai. on hiz ba:pdei hie peorants geiv him sam books and a football. buks and 2 futba:l. Has Mrs. Smith a watch? Yes, Mr. Smith gave Mrs. Smith haz misiz smip 9 wot{? jes, mista smip geiv misiz smip a watch on her birthday, when she was twenty-five (25) 2 wot{ an ha: ba:pdei, hwen fi: woe — twenti'faiv years old. Has John a football? Yes, his parents gave jizz ould. haz dgon a futbs:l? jes, hiz pearants geiv him a football on his birthday. In two years, when he him a futbs:l on his ba:pdei. in tu: jiac, hwen hi:The Eighth (8th) Chapter. is fourteen (14) years old, his father will give him a iz faslin jisz ould, hic fa:da wil giv him a watch on his birthday. When he is fourteen, he will wotf om his ba:pdei. — wen hi: ig fa:tizn, hi: wil have a watch. His father will not give him a watch hav a wtf, his fa:da wil not giv him a wotf when he is thirteen (13) years old. The children will hwen hi: is pazti:n jaz ould. da tfildran wil go to school to-morrow. They will read their books, gou ta sku:t ta'marou. dei wil risd Oca buks, and they will write with pens or pencils. When it is and ci wil rait wid penz 9: pensilz, hwen it iz John’s birthday, he will be thirteen (13) years old. dzonz ba:pdei, hi: wil bi: pa:ti:n Jjiaz ould. Helen will be eleven years old on her birthday. Baby helin wil bi: ilevn jiaz ould yn ha: ba:pdei. beibi will be one year old on her birthday. To-morrow the wil bi: wan jia ould mn ha: ba:pdei. ta'morou da children will be at school. The parents will not be at tfildran wil bi: et sku:l. da pearants wil not bi: et school; they will be in the house. After school the sku:l; dei wil bi: in da haus. acfta sku:l da children will be in the garden. tfildran wil bi: in do ga:dn. When will John be fourteen (14) years old? He will hwen wil dzan bi: fa:ti:n fiaz ould? hi: wil be fourteen (14) in two years. When is Helen’s birthday? bi: fa:tiin in tu: jiaz, hwen iz helinz ba:pdei? gives give gave will give John gives Helen a pear. John and Helen give Baby a ball. Yesterday John gave Helen a pear. Yesterday John and Helen gave Baby a ball. To-morrow John will give Helen a pear. To-morrow John and Helen will give Baby a ball. 65Chapter Eight (8). Helen’s birthday is on the sixteenth (16th) of March. helinz ba:pdei iz an da siksti:np av maztf. When is Mr. Smith’s birthday? His birthday is on the hwen iz mista smips ba:pdei? his ba:pdei is an 8a is thirteenth (13th) of July. When is the baby’s birth- i pa:tiznp av dgu'lai. hwen iz da beibiz ba:p- was ee day? Her birthday is on the tenth (10th) of June. ee dei? ha: ba:pdei iz on da tenp av dgu:n. To-day John is at coer Where will the children be to-morrow? To-morrow To-day both John | yea wil da tfildran bi: falmorou? —talmzrow eee John | they will be at school. When will the baby be one year was at school. dei wil bi: et skul. hwen wil da beibi bi: wan jia Yesterday both John and Helen old? She will be one year old in six months. Helen were at school. | ould? fi: wil bi: wan jia ould in siks manps. — helin To-morrow John ; will be at school. | i] be fourteen (14) in four years. Mrs, Smith will be Both John and | wil bi: faitizn in fo: jioa. —misie smip wil bi: school to-morrow. thirty-five (35) in three years. pa:tifaiv in pri: jiae. When the short hand is at the figure 2 and the long hwen 02 fo:t hand iz at da figa tu: ond da loy hand at the figure 12, it is two o'clock, When the short hand et da figa twelv,itic tu: a'klak. hwen do fo:t hand is at 3 and the long hand at 12, it is three o’clock. hend iz et pri: and da loy hend et twelv,itis pri: a'klok. When the short hand is at 3 and the long hand at 11, hwen 9 fo:t hend iz et pri: and da loy hand at i'levn, it is five minutes to three. When the long hand is at it iz faiv minits ta pris. —hwen da loy hand iz et 66The Eighth (8th) Chapter. 1 and the short hand at 3, it is five minutes past wan and da fo:t hend et pri:, it iz faiv minits pa:st three. What time is it when the short hand is at 4 pris. — hwot taim iz it hwen da fo:t hend iz et fo: and the long hand at 3? Then it is a quarter past four. and da Isy hend et pri:? den it iz a kwo:ta pa:st fo:. What time is it when the short hand is at 5 and the hwot taim iz it hwen da f2:t hend iz et faiv and da long hand at 9? Then it is a quarter to five. What ly hend et nain? den it iz a kwo:ta ta faiv. hwot time is it when the long hand is at 5 and the short taim iz it hwen da loy hend iz et faiv and da fo:t hand is between 1 and 2? Then it is twenty-five (25) hend is bi'twi:n wan and tu:? den it iz twenti'faiv minutes past one. What time is it when the long hand minits pa:st wan. hwot taim iz it hwen da ly hend is at 6 and the short hand is between 5 and 6? iz @t siks and da f2:t hand iz bi'twi:n faiv and siks? Then it is half past five. Half an hour is thirty (30) den it iz ha:f pa:st faiv. ha:f an ana iz pati minutes. A quarter of an hour is fifteen (15) minutes. minits. 9 kwo:ta av an aus ig fifti:n minits. At what time do the children go to school? They go @t hwst taim du: da tfildran gou ta sku:l? dei gou to school at nine o’clock. (They go to school at nine.) ta sku:l et nain a'klok. (dei gou ta sku:l et nain.) How long are the children at school? They are at hau oy a: da tfildran et skucl? dei a: at What time is it? It is two o'clock. (It is two.) It is ten minutes past two. It is five minutes to two, 67Chapter Eight (8). school from nine o'clock to four o'clock (from nine to sku:l from nain a'klk taf: atklok (from nain ta four). They are at school from nine o'clock to twelve fo:). dei a: et sku:l from nain a'klok ta twelv o'clock. At twelve o'clock they go to their houses. Then akiak. @t twely a'klok dei gou ta dea hauziz. den they go to school at two o'clock and are there from two dei gou ta sku:l et tu: aklk and a: dea from tu: o'clock to four o'clock. At what time do the children atklok ta fa: atklok. @t hwot taim du: da tfildran go home from school? They go home from school at gou houm from sku:l? dei gou houm from sku:l at four o’clock (at four). Their father is not at home when fo: alklok (at fo:). dea fa:da iz not @t houm hwen they come from school, but their mother is at home. dei kam from sku:l, bat dea mada iz et houm. Their father comes home at half past five; then all the dea fa:da kamz houm et ha:f pa:st faiv; den 9:1 da persons in the family are at home. pa:snz in da femili a: @t houm. When the children are at school, they are away from hwen da tfildron a: @t sku:l, dei a: awei from home. They are away from home from nine o’clock houm. dei a: a'wei from houm from nain a'klok to twelve o'clock, and from two o'clock to four o'clock. ta twely a'klok, and from tu: atklok ta fo: a'klok. They are away from home for five hours. Mr. Smith dei a: a'wei from houm fo: faiv auaz. mista smipThe Eighth (8th) Chapter. goes away from home at half past eight and comes gous a'wei from houm et ha:f pa:st eit and kamz home at half past five; he is away from home for nine houm ot ha:f pa:st faiv; hi: ig a'wei from houm fo: nain hours every day. He is at home for fifteen (15) hours. uaz evri dei. hi: iz et houm fo: fifti:n —_auaz. The children are at home for nineteen (19) hours. When da tfildran a: et houm fo: nainti:n uaz. hwen does Mr. Smith come home? He comes home at half daz mista smip kam houm? hi: kame houm et ha:f past five. What time is it when Mr. Smith comes pa:st faiv. hwot taim iz it hwen mista smip kamz home? It is half past five. How long is he away from houm? it iz ha:f pa:st faiv. hau loy iz hi: a'wei from home every day? He is away for nine hours. How houm evri dei? hi: iz a'wei fa: main awaz. hau long are the children away? They are away from by a: da tfildran a'wei? dei a: a'wei_ from home for five hours. On Sundays they are all at houm fo: faiv auaz. 9 sandiz dei a: 2:1 et home. In summer the children play for two hours houm. in sama 6a tfildran plei fo: tu: auaz in the garden, but at half past six it is time for the in 8 ga:dn, bat et ha:f pa:st siks it iz taim fo: da children to read their school-books. Where are John tfildran ta ri:d dea sku:lbuks. hwear a: dgoan and Helen when they read their school-books? Then and helin hwen dei ri:d dea sku:lbuks? den 69Chapter Eight (8). 70 they are in the house. When is it time to go to school? dei a: in da haus. hwen iz it taim ta gou ta sku:l? It is time to go to school at nine o'clock. When is it it iz taim ta gou ta sku:l @t nain a'klok. hwen iz it time to come in from the garden? It is time to come taim ta kam in from da ga:dn? it iz taim ta kam in from the garden at half past six. What do the children in from 9 ga:dn at ha:f pa:st siks. hwat du: da tfildran do when they come in from the garden? They read du: hwen dei kam in from da ga:dn? dei risd their school-books. dea sku:lbuks. EXERCISE A. A day has twelve —. A — has also twelve hours. A day and a night — twenty-four hours. An hour has sixty —, and a minute has sixty —. On a wall in the house isa —. The clock has a —. On the face of the clock are twelve —. The clock has two —. The hands of the clock give the —. The short hand — the hours, and the long hand — the minutes. There is also a — small hand to give the seconds. A — is smaller than a clock. The day when Mrs. Smith was twenty-five years old was her —. John’s — is on the twenty-sixth of July. On his birthday, John’s parents — him a football. When he is fourteen, his father — — him a watch.The Eighth (8th) Chapter. When it is John’s birthday, he will — thirteen years old. The children — go to school to-morrow. Helen will — eleven years old on her birthday. The baby — — one year old on her birthday. Helen will be fourteen years old — four years. Baby will be one year old — six months. When the short hand is at three and the long hand at twelve, it is three —. When the short hand is at five and the long hand at eleven, it is five minutes — five. When the short hand is at four and the long hand at two, it is ten minutes — four. When the long hand is at nine and the short hand at twelve, it is a — to twelve. When the short hand is at one and the long hand at three, it is a — past one. When the long hand is at six and the short hand is — three and four, it is — past —. The children are at school — five hours. They go — from school — four o’clock. Their father is not — home when they come —. Their father — home at half — five. The children are — from — for five hours every day. Mr. Smith goes — from home at half — eight. How — are the children away from home? They are away for five. | — does Mr. Smith come home? He — home at half — five. | — does he go away from home? He goes away from home — — past eight. » — will John be fourteen years old? He will be fourteen — two years. When — Baby be one year old? She —— one year old in six months. — is Helen’s birthday? Her birthday is — the sixteenth — March. — is John’s birthday? His birthday is — — twenty-sixth — July. WORDS: o'clock clock watch night hour minute second give gave very time birthday football in ’ will be figure past to half quarter then between for him veeChapter Eight (8). home — Mrs. Smith a watch? Yes, Mr. Smith — her a watch at home on her birthday. — is on the face of the clock? On from the face of the clock are two — and twelve —. What away time is it — the small hand is at nine and the big ae hand at three? Then it isa — — nine, — time is nineteen it — the big hand is at five and the small hand between twenty-four two and three? — it is — — past two. What time twenty-five is it — the big hand is at twelve and the small hand at sixty six? Then it is six —. What — is it — both hands ote are at twelve? Then it is — —. At what time — the twenty-sixth twenty-ninth children go to school? They go to school — nine —. thirty —— time do they come home? They come home — thirty-five four —. EXERCISE B. When is John’s birthday? ... What is on the clock? ... What is there to give the time? ... How many minutes has an hour? How many hours are there in a day and a night? ... What time is it? ... Where do the children go at nine o'clock every day? ... When does Mr. Smith come home? ... How long are the children at school? ... How long is Mr. Smith away from home every day? ... When will John be thirteen years old? ... When will Helen be fourteen? ... In how many months will Baby be one year old? ... Is their father at home when the children come from school? ... Does Mrs. Smith go away from home every day? ... Where are the hands of the clock at a quarter past five? ... At ten minutes to three? ... At half past ten? ... At twenty-five (25) minutes to eight? ... At seven o'clock? .... At a quarter to one? ... 72Chapter Nine (9). The Ninth (9th) Chapter. THE SCHOOL In the school there are many rooms. There are not in da sku:l dear a: meni ru:ms. dear a: not many rooms in Mr. Smith’s house; there are only five meni ru:imz in mista smips haus; dear a: ounli faiv rooms in his house. The school is a very big house, ru:mz in his haus. da sku:l is a veri big haus, and in it there are twenty (20) rooms. and in it dear a: twenti rucme. At nine o’clock in the morning the children come into @t nain a'klk in da moa:niy da tfildran ‘kam inta the schoolroom. When all the children are in the room, da skuzIru:in. wen 9:1 da tfildran a: in da ru:m, the teacher comes into the room. When he comes into da tictfa Rams inta da ru:m. hwen hi: kamz inta the room, he says, “Good morning, children! Are you da rum, his ses, “gud ma:niy, tfildran! a: juz all here to-day?” John says, “No, my sister is not here asl hia taldei?” gan sez, “now, mai sista is not hia to-day; she is at home.” “Oh,” says the teacher, “is taldei; fiz ic @t houm.” “ou.” sex da ti:tfa, “is your sister ill to-day?” “Yes, my sister is ill to-day. jua sista il ta'dei?” “jes, mai sista is il ta'dei. Yesterday it was cold, and she was, in the garden too Jestadi it we kould, and fi: was in da ga:dn tu: 1 go [gou] Boes [gous] do [du:] does [daz] say [sei] says [sez] Tam you are he is she is it is we are you are they are John says, “I am a boy. He says to Helen, “You are a girl, and Baby is also a girl,” and she says, “Yes,and you and’ Baby and I are children; we are children,” The peneil is good; it is good. John says, “You and Alice are girls; you are girls.” Helen and Alice are girls; they are girls. 73Chapter Nine (9). long; and to-day she is ill, she has a cold.” “Have you by; and taldei fi: is il, fi: hez a kould.” “hev ju: also a cold, John?” “Oh no, I am not ill,” says John, o:lsou a kould, dgan?” “ou nou, ai em not il,” se dgan, “I am well. I was not in the garden very long. When “ai am wel. ai woz not in 89 ga:dn veri log. hwen my your it was too cold, I went into the house.” hee it woz tu: kould, ai went inta da haws.” its Bae Teacher: “What does your mother say to Helen, John?” eur tistfa: “hwot daz jua mada sei ta helin, dzan?” eir John says, “Helen | “My mother says to my sister: You are not a good girl, my sister.” f a ae ee “mai mada sez ta mai sista: ju: a: not a gud ga:l, “Where is your sister, John?” . . Helen, when you are in the garden for so long. John The girls have a ae _ the gi : brother; his name | Helin, hwen ju: a: in 89 ga:dn fo: sou toy. dgon is John. The teacher gives | Went into the house when he was too cold, and he has Helen her book. | went inta da haus hwen hi: woz tu: kould, and hi: hez The baby has a doll; its arms and | no cold; he is not ill, he is well.” legs are small, | oy kould; hi: is nat il, hi: ic wel.” John says, “Our 5, house iesmail”. | “How many rooms have you in your house, John?” “How many rooms | “haw meni ru:mz hev ju: in jua haus, gon?” has your house, John and Helen?” | “We have five rooms in our house.” “How many The house of Mr. | “wi: hev faiv ru:mz in aua haus.” “hau meni and Mrs, Smith f as_ five rooms; i ily?” « i their house is not | Persons are you in your family?” “We are five persons big. pa:snz a: ju: in jua femili?” “wi: a: faiv pa:sne in our family.” “How many children are there in your in aua femili.” “hau meni tfildron a: dca in jua family?” “There are three children in our family.” femili?” “dear a: pri: tfildran in aua famili.” 4The Ninth (9th) Chapter. “Who are the children in your family?” “They are my “hu: a: da tfildran in jua femili?” “Oei a: mai two sisters, Helen and Alice, and I.” tu: sistaz, helin and alis, and ai.” The teacher gives all the children pencils to write with. da tistfa give 9:1 da tfildran pensilz ta rait wid. John says to the teacher, “Will you give me another dgm ses ta da ti:tfa, “wil ju: giv mi: o'nada pencil? My pencil is not very good.” “Yes, I will pensil? mai pensil iz nat veri gud.” “jes, ai wil give you another pencil; here is one,” the teacher says giv ju: a'nada pensil; hiar iz wan,” da ti:tfa sez and gives him a pencil. He also gives him a pencil and give him a pensil. hi: a:lsou give him 9 pensil for Helen; John will give it to her when he comes fo: helin; gon wil giv it ta ho: hwen hi: kame home. houm. Has John a pencil? Yes, but it is not very good; the has dgon a pensil? jes, bat it iz nat veri gud; da teacher gives him another one, and he also gives him ti:tfa givz him a'nada wan, and hi: a:lsou givs him one for Helen. John says he will give her the pencil wan fo: helin. dan sez hi: wil giv ha: da pensil when he comes home. Are all the children at school? hwen hi: kams houm. a: 9:1 da tfildran et sku:l? No, Helen is not at school, but when she is well, she nou, helin i2 not et sku:l, bat hwen fi: iz wel, fi: one John has a long pencil; Helen has a short one, ubChapter Nine (9). Se me you him her it us you them John says, “The teacher gives me a pencil.” The teacher says to John, “I will give you a pencil.” The teacher gives John a pencil; he gives him a pencil, He gives Helen a book; he gives her a book. Mr. Smith gives his house a name; he gives it aname, The children say to the teacher, “Will you give us some pencils?” The teacher says, “Yes, I will give you some pencils.” The teacher gives the children some pencils; he gives them some pencils, 76 will go to school. Does the teacher give all the children wil gou ta sku:l. daz da tistfa giv 9:1 0a tfildran pencils? Yes, when their pencils are not very good, or pensilz? jes, heen dea pensils a: mot veri gud, 2: when they have no pencils, the teacher gives them hwen dei hav nou pensilc, do ti:tfa give dem pencils. What do the children say? They say, “Will pensilz. hwot du: da tfildran sei? dei sei, “wil you give us some other pencils?” And the teacher ju: giv as sam sda pensile?” and da titfo says, “Yes, I will give you some other pencils; here are sez, “jes, ai wil giv ju: sam sda pensilz; hier a: some pencils for you.” sam pensils fo: ju:.” The teacher has no book. He says to one of the da ti:tfa hes nou buk. hi: ses ta wan av da children, “Have you your book? Will you give it to tfildron, “hav ju: jua buk? wil ju: giv it ta me? I have no book to-day.” What is the colour of mi:? ai hav nou buk ta'dei.” hwat is da kala av ink? Its colour is blue. What is the colour of the ink? its kala is blu:, hwot ic da kala av da walls of the room? Its walls are green. What is the wile av da ru:m? its wa:ls a: gri:n. hwot ic da colour of the paper of the books? Its colour is white. kala av Oa peipa av da buks? its kalo iz hwait What will John’s father give him on his birthday? He hwot wil dgonz fa:da giv him om his ba:pdei? hi:The Ninth (9th) Chapter. will give him a watch. Will he also give Helen a wil giv him 9 wtf, wil hi: a:lsou giv helin 9 watch? No, he will not give her a watch. When the wot{? nou, hi: wil not giv ha: a wotf. hwen da children are good, their mother gives them balls to play tfildran a: gud, deo mada give dem ba:le ta plei with. When the children are good at school, the teacher wid. hwen da tfildren a: gud at sku:l, da ti:t/a reads to them from his book. ri:ds ta dem from hiz buk. Yesterday the children came to school at nine o’clock jestadi da tfildran keim ta sku:l et nain a'klok in the morning. When the children came to school in da ma:niy. hwen da tfildran keim, ta sku:l yesterday, the teacher said “Good -morning” to them. jestadi, a ti:tfa sed “gud mo:niy” ta dem. Helen’s mother said to her yesterday, “Come into the heling mada sed ta ha: jestadi, “kam inta da house; it is too cold to play in the garden; come in, or haus; it is tu: kould ta plei in da ga:dn; kam in, 9: you will be ill.” juz wil bis iL? Was Mr. Smith at home yesterday when the children woz mista smip et houm —jestadi reen da tfildran came home from school? No, he was not at home. Mr. keim houm fram sku:l? nou, hi: woe not @t howm. mista Smith comes home at half past five. Is Helen very ill? smip kamz houm et ha:f pa:st faiv. iz helin veri il? I you he she | plays it } play we you play they comes come came John comes every day. The children come every day. John came yesterday. The children came yesterday. says say said The teacher says “Good morning.” The children say “Good morning.” Yesterday the teacher said “Good morning.” Yesterday the children ‘also said “Good morning.” come! Come into the house, John! Come into the house, John and Helen! 7WORDS: my you your us our them 78 No, she is not very ill; she has only a cold, but she will nou, fiz ig mot veri il; fi: haz ounli a kould, bat fi: wil be too ill for some days to go to school. Is she too ill bi: tu: ill fo: sam deis ta gou ta sku:l iz fiz tu: il to read her school-books? No, she is not too ill to read. ta ri:d ha: sku:lbuks? nou, fi: ig not tu: il ta ri:d. She reads her school-books and her other books, and fiz risde ha sku:lbuks and ha: ada buks, and when John comes home with the pencil for her from hwen dgan kamz houm wid da pensil fo: ha: from the teacher, she will also write. After some days at 0 ti:tfa, fi: wil s:lsow rait. a:fta sam deiz at home she will be well, and then she will go to school. houm fi: wil bi: wel, ond den fi: wil gou ta sku:l. EXERCISE A. There are five — in Mr. Smith’s house. The children go to school at nine o’clock in the —. When all the children are in the schoolroom, the — comes into the room. When he comes, he says to the children, “— morning, children; are — all here?” Helen is not at school; she is —. John is not ill; he is —. Helen is ill; she has a —. The teacher gives John a pencil — Helen. John will give it to — when he comes home. When the children have no pencils, the teacher gives — some. The children write on paper; — colour is white. The children come — the schoolroom in the morning.The Ninth (9th) Chapter. John has no pencil, but the teacher gives — one. The teacher says to John, “Are — ill, John?” “No,” he says, “—am not ill; I — well.” “How many persons are you in — family, John?”, “— are five persons in — family.” “Is — house a big one, John?” “No, — house is not very big; — has only five rooms.” “Will — give — another pencil?” “Yes, — will; here is a pencil for”, “What is—name, John?” “ Smith.” What — the teacher say to the children every “— name is John morning? He says “Good morning” to—. — is the name of John’s family? — name is Smith. EXERCISE B. How many rooms has the school? ... When do the children come into the schoolroom? ... What does the teacher say to the children every morning? ... Is Helen at school to-day? ... Is John ill? ... What does Mrs. Smith say to Helen? ... What do the children say to their teacher when they have no pencils? ... And what does he say to them? ... When will John’s father give .+ Does the teacher read to the children him a watch? at school? ... her its am came say said good ill well cold here for morning into Toom teacher twenty 719Chapter Ten (10). The Tenth (10th) Chapter. THE FARM Mr. Smith's brother is a farmer. He has a farm in mista mips brada iz a fa:ma, hi: haz 9 fa:m in the country. Mr. Smith’s house is not in the country; da kantri. mista smips haus iz nat in da kantri; it is in acity. Every summer Mr. Smith and his family it isin a siti. — evri_— sama mista smip and hiz femili go to his brother in the country for the summer-holidays. gou ta hiz brada in do kantri fo: da samahslidic. In August, when the children do not go to school, it in 9:gast, hwen da tfildran du: not gou ta sku:l, it is their summer-holidays. Mr. Smith’s summer-holidays is dea samahglidis. mista smips samaholidiz are not so long as the children’s; they are only two a: not sou loy a@z da tfildranz; dei a: ounli tu: weeks. He works more than eleven months a year ‘one month's wicks. hi: wa:ks ma: den i'levn manps a jia holidays two months’ and has two weeks’ holidays. holidays and hez tu: wi:ks —holidis. The children have one month’s holidays in summer, but do tfildran hav wan manps hoalidiz in sama, bat they do not work eleven months at school. They also dei du: not wa:k i'leun mans a@t sku:l. dei >:lsow have other holidays; they have two weeks’ holidays in hav sda holidis; dei hav tu: wicks holidis in 80The Tenth (10th) Chapter. December and January, two weeks’ holidays in spring, di'semba and dzenjuari, tu: wi:ks holidig in sprig, and one week’s holidays in autumn. Mrs. Smith works and wan wi:ks hoalidig in 9:tam. misis: smip wa:ks too = also too; but she does not go away from home to work; she She works too; tur; bat fi: daz not gou a'wei from houm ta wok; fi: | she also works works in her house. wa:ks in ha: haus. What is Mr. Smith’s brother? He is a farmer. Where hwoat is mista smips brada? hi: iz a fama. hwear is his farm? His farm is in the country. When do ig hig fa:m? hiz fa:m ig in da kantri. hwen du: Mr. Smith and his family go to his brother’s farm? mista smip and his femili gou ta his bradaz fa:m? They go there in summer for Mr. Smith’s holidays. Are dei gou dca in sama fo: mista smips hoalidiz. a: Mr. Smith’s holidays as long as the children’s? —_ No, mista smips holidiz a2 ly es a tfildronz? now, he has only two weeks’ holidays in summer; the children hi: hez ounli tu: wi:ks holidiz in sama; da tfildran have one month’s holidays. How many months does hev.wan manps — holidiz. hau meni manps daz |’s s the boy’s ball (one person) the boys’ ball (more than one months a year. Does he work on Sundays? No, on | person) manbs a daz hi: wack on sandiz? nou, gn | the man’s house (one person) Sundays he does not work; Sunday is a holiday. Is | the men’s house a . 5 (more than one sandi ig 9 holidi, ig | (mores Mr. Smith work a year? He works more than eleven mista smip wack a jia? hi: wa:ks ma: dan ileun sandig hi: dag nat wa: 81Chapter Ten (10). last year this year next year this This pencil is not good. Monday also a holiday? No, Monday is a weekday. mandi 9:lsou a holidi? nou, mandi is a wi:kdei. Friday is also a weekday. Thursday is a weekday too. froidi iz o:lsou a wiskdei. pacedi ig 2 wickdei tu:. Wednesday is a weekday too. All the days of the week wensdi iz a wiskdei tu:. 9:1 da deiz av da wi:k are weekdays, except Sunday; Sunday is a holiday. a: wi:kdeiz, ik'sept sandi; sandi iz a _holidi. Mr. Smith is at the farm every summer. He has been mista smip iz @t da fa:m evri sama. — hi: hez bi:n there every summer for many years. He was there dco evri sama fo: meni jiaz. hi: wos dea last summer. He will go there this summer. John la:st sama. hi: wil gow dea dis sama, — dgan is twelve years old this year. Last year he was eleven iz twelv jiaz ould dis jia, la:st jia hi: wag i'leun years old; next year he will be thirteen years old. jioz ould; nekst jia hi: wil bi: pa:ti:n jiaz ould. Helen is ten years old this year. Last year she was nine helin iz ten jiaz ould dis jia, la:st jia fi: woe nain years old; next year she will be eleven years old. Baby jiez ould; nekst jia fi: wil bi: ieun jioz ould. beibi is six months old this year; last year there was no baby. ig siks manps ould dis jia; la:st jia dea woz nou beibi. John said to his teacher, “This pencil is not very good; dz sed ta hig ti:tfa, “dis pensil iz not veri gud; will you give me another one?” wil ju: giv mi: oinada wan?”The Tenth (10th) Chapter. John and Helen have been at the farm every summer dgon and helin hav bi:n @t do fa:m evri sama for many years. Mr. Smith has had his family with fo: meni jis. mista smip hez had hiz femili wid him every year. Were Mr. Smith and his family at him evri_jia. wa: mista smip and his femili et the farm last year? Yes, they were. Do they go da fa:m la:st jis? jes, dei wa:. du: dei gow there every year? Yes, they do; Mr. Smith has been dca evri jia? —jes, dei du:; mista smip has bi:n at the farm every summer for many years, and his wife et da fa:m cvri sama fo: meni jiaz, and his waif and children have been with him. Has Mr. Smith and tfildran het bi:n wid him. hes mista smip had his family with him? Yes, the parents have had had big femili wid him? — jes, da peorants hev had their children with them at the farm. Mr. Smith’s dca tfildran wid dem a@t da fa:m. mista smips brother is the uncle of John and Helen; his brother’s brada iz di agkl av dgzon and helin; his bradas wife is their aunt. John is the nephew of Mr. Smith’s waif iz dca ant. dgan ie da nevju: av mista smips brother, and Helen is his niece. Has John an uncle? brada, and helin iz hig ni:s. hes don an aykl? Yes, his father’s brother, Mr. Smith, is his uncle, and jes, his fa:dez brada, mista smip, iz his aykl, and John is his nephew. Who is Helen’s aunt? Her aunt dgon iz his nevju hu: ig helinz a:nt? ha: a:nt been He is, he was, he has been. They are, they were, they have been. had He has, he had, he has had, They have, they had, they have had..Chapter Ten (10). cow is the wife of her uncle, Mr. Smith, and Helen is her (7) iz da waif av ha: aykl, mista smip, and helin iz ha: D) | aice IP nizs, At the farm there are many animals. A cow is an @t da fa:m dear a: meni enimalz. a kau iz an animal, and a hen is an animal. From the cows we get enimal, and a hen iz anenimal. from da kauz wi: get milk. From the hens we get eggs. What animals are milk. from da henz wi: get egs. hwat enimals a: there at the farm? There are cows and hens. From dca et da fa:m? dear a: kauz and hens. — from what animal do we get milk? We get milk from the hwot enimal du: wi: get milk? wi: get milk from da cow. What do we get from the hens? We get eggs from kau. hwot du: wi: get from da hens? wi: get egs from the hens. From where do we get fruit? We get fruit da hens. from hwee du: wi: get fru:t? wi: get fruct from the trees in the garden, From the milk we get fram. 8a trise in da ga:dn. from da milk wi: get cream, and from the cream the farmer’s wife makes kri:m, and from da kri:m da fa:maz waif meiks butter. bata. \/$ | In the morning, Mr. and Mrs. Smith drink coffee. The ye) in 89 ma:niy, mista and misiz smip driyk kofi. da children do not drink coffee; coffee is not good for hen tfildran du: not driyk — kofi;— kofi iz nat gud fa:The Tenth (10th) Chapter. children; they drink milk or tea. Mrs. Smith puts tfildron; dei driyk milk 9: ti:. — misis smip puts cream in her coffee; Mr. Smith puts both cream and kri:m in ha: kofi; mista smip puts boup kri:m and sugar in his coffee. In England people drink much fuga in hiz kofi. in iygland pi:pl drigk matf tea. The English do not put cream in their tea; they tis, di iyglif du: not put kri:zm in dea ti:; dei put milk in their tea, When John comes home from put milk in dea ti:. —hrwen gon kamz houm from school, he puts his books away in his room. sku:l, hi: puts hig buks a'wei in his ru:m. What do Mr. and Mrs. Smith drink in the morning? Iwot du: mista and misic smip drigk in da ma:niy? They drink coffee. Who makes the coffee? Mrs. Smith dei drigk afi. hu: meiks da kofi? — misiz smip makes it. What do they put in their coffee? Mr. Smith -meiks it. hwat du: dei put in dea kofi? — imista smip puts both cream and sugar in his coffee, but Mrs. Smith puts boup krizm and fuga in his kofi, bat misis smip puts only cream in her coffee. What do the English puts ounli kri:m in ha: kofi. wot du: di inglif put in their tea? They put milk in their tea. Do the put in dea tis? dei put milk in dea tis. du: da children drink coffee? No, they do not drink coffee; tfildran drigk kofi? nou, dei du: not drigk — kofiz coffee is not good for children. They get tea or milk kofi iz mot gud fo: tfildran. dei get ti: 2: milk get gets I get you get he gets she gets it gets we get you get they get makes? does ....make? Who makes the coffee? Does Mrs. Smith make the coffee? © eggChapter Ten (10). WORDS: farmer farm holiday work too this next uncle aunt nephew niece animal cow hen get milk cream 86 to drink. Who makes the butter at the farm? The ta driyk. hu: meiks d9 bata at da fa:m? de farmer’s wife makes it. From what does she make it? fa:mas ‘waif meiks it. from hwot daz fi: meik it? She makes it from cream. Where does she get the fi: meiks it from krism. wea daz fi: get da cream from? She gets it from the milk. kri:m from? fiz gets it from da milk, EXERCISE A. Mr. Smith’s brother isa —. He lives at a — in the —. Mr. Smith’s house is in.— —. In August, it is the children’s —. Mr. Smith's — are not so long as the children’s. The children have one — holidays every sum- mer. Mr. Smith has only two — holidays. Mr. Smith — more than eleven months — year. Mrs. Smith works —; she works in——. Sunday isa—. People do not work on holidays, but only on —. Mr. — holi- days are in August. The — holidays are also in August. The — name is John. The — names are Helen and Alice. Mr. Smith has — at the farm every summer for many years. He has — his family with him every year. Helen is ten — old. — year she will be eleven years old. — year there was no baby. Mr. Smith’s brother is the children’s uncle; his wife is their —. John is their —, and Helen is their —. There are many — at the farm. Cows and hens are —. From the cows we — milk, and from the hens we get —.The Tenth (10th) Chapter. We get — from the milk, and from the cream the farmer’s wife — butter. The children — tea or milk in the morning, but Mr. and Mrs. Smith — coffee. Mr. Smith — both cream and sugar in his coffee, but Mrs. Smith — only cream in her coffee. Where does John — his books? He — them in his room. Who — the coffee in the morning? Mr. — wife makes it. — the children drink coffee or tea? They — not drink coffee; they — tea or milk. — do we get milk from? We get it from the —. Where — we — eggs from? We get eggs from the —. — are cows and hens? They are —. Is Helen ten years —? Yes, — year she is ten years old, but — year she will — eleven years old. EXERCISE B. What is Mr. Smith’s brother? ... Where is his farm? ... Where is Mr. Smith’s house? ... Is Saturday a holi- day? ... Does Mrs. Smith work too? ... Where does she work? ... Does Mr. Smith go to his brother’s farm every year? ... Has his family been with him every year? ... Who is John’s uncle? ... Who is his aunt? ... What do we get from the cows? ... Where do we get eggs from? ... Who makes the butter at the farm? ... What does she make it from? ... What do the English put in their tea? ... What do the children drink? ... butter egg make drink coffee tea put sugar had been 87Chapter Eleven (11). The Eleventh (11th) Chapter. shall will I shall you will he will she will it will we shall you will they will THE LAKE One day at the farm Mr. Smith said to his brother wan dei et 0a fa:m mista smip sed ta hiz brada George, “To-day I shall go to the lake with the children.” d39:d3, “ta'dei ai fel gou ta da leik wid da tfildran.” “Yes,” said his brother, “it will be good for them.” “jes,” sed his brada, “it wil bi: gud fo: dem.” The lake is only small. It is near the farm; it is only 40 leik iz ounli sma:l, it iz nia da fa:m; it iz ounli five minutes from the farm to the lake. The farm is faiv minits from 6a fa:m ta da leik. da fa:m is not near the city; it is two hours from the city to the not nia da siti; it iz tu: awaz from da siti ta da farm. The lake is not far from the farm; it is near fa:m. a leik ic nat fa: from a fa:m; it iz nia the farm. The farm is far from the city; it is not near 0 fam. da fa:m iz fa: from do siti; it ic nat nia the city. England is far from Sweden, but England is da siti. iygland iz fa: from swi:dn, bat iygland iz near France. nia fra:ns. Between the farm and the lake there are fields. In bi'twi:n da fa:m and do leik dcar a: fi:ldz, in some fields there is grass, and in other fields there is sam fi:lds deer iz gra:s, and in ada fi:lds dear izThe Eleventh (11th) Chapter. corn. In summer the animals are in the fields; there kon, in sama di enimalz a: in da fi:ldz; dear are cows in the fields, and there are also horses in the a: kauz in da fi:ldz, and dear a: 9:lsou ho:siz in da fields. The cows and the horses eat the grass in the fi:ldz, da kaus and da ha:sis i:t da gra:s in da fields. When the cows eat much grass, they give good filds. hwen da kauz i:t matf gra:s, dei giv gud milk. The hens eat grass too, and we eat the hens’ eggs. milk, da hens i:t gras tu:, and wi: i:t da hens egs. The hens also eat corn. When the hens get much corn Ga henz o:lsowi:t ka:n. hwen a henz get matf ka:n to eat, we get many eggs. tu ist, wi: get meni egz. Where is the lake? The lake is near the farm. Is the hwear ig da leik? da leik ig nia da fa:m. iz da farm near the city? No, the farm is not near the city; fa:m nia da siti? nou, 69 fa:m iz not nia da siti; it is far from the city. Is England far from France? it is fa: from da siti. iz ingland fa: from fra:ns? No, England is near France. What is between the lake nou, ingland iz nia fra:ns. hwot is bi'twi:n do leik and the farm? There are fields between the lake and and da fa:m? dear a: fildz bi'twi:n da leik and the farm. What animals are there in the fields? There a fa:m. hwot enimalz a: dea in da fi:ldz? dear are cows and horses in the fields. What do they eat? a: kaus and hy:sis in da fi:lds. hwat du: dei i:t? 89Chapter Eleven (11). how? how many? how long? How do we swim? ‘We swim with our arms and legs. How many horses are there at the farm? There are four horses at the farm. How long have you walked? T have walked for ten minutes. 90 They eat the grass in the fields. ei i:t do gra:s in do fi:ldz. There is a road from the farm to the lake. There is deor iz 9 roud from da fa:m ta da leik. dear i also a road from the city to the farm. The road from a:lsou a roud from da siti ta da fa:m.. da roud from the farm to the lake is short. It goes through the fields. da farm ta da leik is fo:t. it gouz pru: a fisldz. The children go through the door of the house into the 49 tfildran gou fru: 9 d3: av da haus into da garden. Does the road go through the farm? No, one ga:dn. daz da roud gou pru: 9 fa:m? nou, wan road goes to the farm from the city, and another road roud gouz ta da fa:m from do siti, and a'nada oud goes from the farm to the lake. What does the road gouz from 8a fa:m ta da leik. hwot daz da roud to the lake go through? It goes through the fields. ta 69 leik gou pru:? it gous pru: da filds. How do the children get from the house into the garden? hau du: da tfildran get from da haus into da ga:dn? They go through the door; but sometimes John goes dei gou pru: da do:; bat samtaimz dgon gous through the window. How do they get from the farm pru: da windou. hau du: dei get from da fa:m to the lake? They go by the road through the fields. ta do leik? dei gou bai da roud fru: da _fi:lds. How do Mr. Smith and his family get from the farm hau du: mista smip and hiz famili get from da fa:mThe Eleventh (11th) Chapter. to the city? They go by the road to the city. There ta da siti? dei gou bai da roud ta da siti. dear is water in the lake. In summer the water is warm. ig woa:ta in da leik. in sama da wo:ta iz w:m. In winter it is cold, and sometimes there is ice on the in winta it iz kould, and samtaimz dear iz ais an da lake. But when it is summer, the water is warm. When leik. bat hwen it iz sama, da wo:ta iz wo:m. hwen the children are very warm, they drink cold water, but da tfildran a: veri wo:m, dei driyk kould wo:ta, bat the water in the lake is not good to drink. Mr. Smith do wo:ta in da leik iz not gud ta driyk. mista smip takes his children with him to the lake. John takes a teiks hig tfildran wid him ta da leik. d3an teiks a ball with him to play with in the water, and Helen ba:l wid him ta plei wid in da wo:ta, and helin takes her doll with her. teiks ha: dal wid ha:. What is in the lake? There is water in the lake. Do hwot iz in da leik? dear iz wo:ta in da leik. du: the children drink the water of the lake? No, they da tfildran driyk 02 wo:ta 2 da leik? nou, dei do not, but the horses and the cows do. What is on the du: nat, bat da ha:siz and da kauz du:. hwot iz on da lake in winter? Sometimes there is ice on the lake in leik in winta? samtaimz dear iz ais on da leik in winter. Does Mr, Smith take his children with him to winta, daz mista smip teik hiz tfildran wid him ta 91Chapter Eleven (11). -ed He learns, he learned, he has learned. They learn, they learned, they have learned. 92 the lake? Yes, he takes them with him. Does he take da leik? jes, hi: teiks dem wid him. daz hi: teik his brother with him? No, his brother has no time hiz brada wid him? nou, hig brada hez nou taim to go to the lake; he works every day in summer, ta gou ta da leik; hi: wa:ks evri dei in sama, except on Sundays. What do the children take with ik'sept on sandiz. hwot du: da tfildran teik wid them to play with? John takes his ball, and Helen dem ta plei wid? — dgan teiks hiz ba:l, and helin takes her doll. Does Helen take her doll with her into teiks ha: dol. daz helin tek ha: dal wid ha: inta the water? No, it is not good for her doll to get into do wy:ta? nou, it ig not gud fo: ha: dal ta get inta the water. What do Mr. Smith and the children do at da wo:ta. hwot du: mista smip and da tfildran du: et the lake? They swim in the water. Do they all swim? da leik? dei swim in da wa:ta. du: dei 9:1 swim? Yes, they all swim, except Baby, but Helen is not a very jes, dei 3:1 swim, ik'sept beibi, bat helin iz not a veri good swimmer; she has learned to swim this summer. gud swima; fi: hez la:nd ta swim dis sama. Has John learned to swim this summer, too? No, he haz dgsn la:nd ta swim dis sama, tu:? now, hi: learned to swim last summer, and he is a very good land ta swim la:st sama, and hi: is 9 veri gud swimmer. Is the water warm enough to swim in? swima, is 8a wo:ta wo:m i'naf ta swim in?The Eleventh (11th) Chapter. Yes, in August it is warm enough, but in spring it is jes, in o:gast it is wo:m i'naf, bat in spriy it is not warm enough; it is too cold in spring to swim in. not wom inaf; it ig tu: kould in spriy ta swim in. Is the baby big enough to learn to swim? No, she is iz do beibi big inaf ta la:n ta swim? nou, fi: iz too small to learn to swim. tu: sma:l ta la:n ta swim. This morning John asked his father, “Father, when dis ma:niy— dgon_ a:skt his fade, “fa:da, wen will you take us to the lake?” “I shall take you there wil ju: teik as ta da leik?” “ai fal teik ju: dea to-day,” his father answered. “Will you come with us, tadei.” hic fa:d0 a:nsad. “wil ju: kam wid as, George?” he asked his brother. “No,” the farmer d3a:d3?” hi: a:skt hig brada. “nou,” da fa:ma answered, “I have no time to-day, but ask me on a:nsad, “ai hev nou taim ta'dei, bat a:sk mi: on Sunday, and I shall answer ‘yes’.” saudi, and ai fel a:nsa ‘jes?.” John has asked his father every day for a week, “Will dgon has a:skt hic fa:da evri dei fa: a wick, “wil you take us to the lake to-day?” and every day his father ju: teik as ta da leik ta'dei?” and evri dei his fa:da has answered, “No, not to-day;” but this morning his hes a:nsad, “nou, not ta'dei;” bat dis mo:niy his father answered, “Yes, to-day we shall all go to the fa:da a:nsad, “jes, ta'dei wi: fel 9:1 gow ta da -ed He asks, he asked, he has asked. ‘They ask, they asked, they have a -ed He answers, he answered, he has answered. They answer, they answered, they have answered. -ed He walks, he walked, he has walked. They walk, they walked, they have walked. 93Chapter Eleven (11). town = city lake.” The children and their father will walk to the leik.” da tfildran and dea fa:da wil wack ta da lake. What is “to walk”? To walk is to go on foot. letk. — hwot iz “to w2:k?? to wo:k iz tagou om fut. The baby does not walk; she is not big enough to walk; 0 beibi daz not wo:k; fiz ig not big inaf ta wa:k; but her father takes her on his arm. bat ha: fa:da teiks ha: on hig a:m. Yesterday the children walked for two hours through jestadi a tfildranwa:kt fo: tu: auaz— pru: the fields. How long has John walked to-day? He da fi:ldz. hau loy haz dzom wackt ta'dei? his has walked for only ten minutes to-day, five minutes hes woa:kt fo: ounli ten minits to'dei, faiv minits to the lake and five minutes back to the house. After ta do ‘leik and faiv minits bek to do haus. a:fta the summer-holidays the family will go back to town 42 samahslidig da‘ femili wil gow bek ta taun (to the city), and the children will go back to school. (ta da siti), and da tfildron . wil gou bak ta sku:l. When will they go back to town? They will go back hwen wil dei gou bek ta taun? dei wil gou bak to the city in August. ta da siti in o:gast. What does Mr. Smith say to his brother? He says, hwot daz mista smip sei ta his brade? — hi: sez, “Come with us to the lake to-day, George!” And what “kam wid asta da leik ta'dei, d3a:d3!” and hwotThe Eleventh (11th) Chapter. does his brother answer? He answers, “Not to-day, daz hig brada — a:nsa? hi: a:nsas, “not — taldei, but ask me on Sunday, and I shall answer ‘yes’.” | bat a:sk mi: on sandi, and ai fal a:msa jes?.” What does John ask his father? He asks, “Will you hwot daz dgon a:sk his fa:da? — hi: azsks, “wil ju: take us to the lake to-day?” And what does his father teik as ta da leik ta'dei?” and hwot daz his fa:da answer? He answers, “Yes, go and take your ball and a:ns? hi: ansaz, “jes, gou and teik jua ba:l and your doll. To-day we shall all go to the lake and jua dol. taldei_ wi: fal 9:1 gou ta da leik and swim.” swim.” EXERCISE A. The animals of the farm drink —. The water is in a —. In winter there is — on the lake. The lake 7 a WORDS: is — the farm. The farm is — from the city. There | jap are — between the lake and the farm. In some fields | near there is —, and in other fields there is —. There are | far cows and — in the fields. The animals — the grass | field in the fields. From the farm to the lake there is a —. | ©" The road goes — the fields. To —is to go on foot. In | horse winter there is — ice on the lake, but not every day. road ; through John — his ball with him to the lake, and Helen — her | py doll. — do Mr. Smith and his children do at the lake? | town They — in the water of the lake. — John learned to | sometimesChapter Eleven (11). water ice take swim swimmer enough ask answer walk back how? get shall 96 swim? Yes, he learned — — last summer; he is a very good —. Is the baby big — to swim? No, she is — small to swim. — do the children get from the house into the garden? They go — the door. — do they get from the farm to the lake? They — by the road to the lake. “When will you take us to the lake?” John — his father. “I — take you there to-day; to-day I have time,” his father —. EXERCISE B. Who drinks the water in the lake? ... What is on the lake sometimes in winter? ... Is the lake far from the farm? ... Is the farm far from the city? ... How do they get from the farm to the lake? ... Does the baby walk? ... What animals are in the fields? ... What does the road to the lake go through? ... What is there in the fields? ... Do all the children swim in the lake? ... What do the children take with them to the lake? . How does Mr. Smith take the baby to the lake? ... Is it warm enough in spring to swim in the lake? ... Is Helen a good swimmer? ... Has Helen learned to swim this year? ... Has John asked his father before to-day to take them to the lake? ... What does Mr. Smith’s brother answer, when Mr. Smith asks him, “Will you come with us to the lake?” ... How long has John walked to-day? ... When will the family go back to town? ... How far is it from the farm to the lake? ... How far is it from the farm to the city?...Chapter Twelve (12). The Twelfth (12th) Chapter. MEALS In England most people have three meals every day. in iyglond moust pi:pl hav pri: mi:lz evri dei. We also eat three meals a day. The first meal of the Isou ist pri: mils a dei. da fa:st mist av da day we call breakfast. In England people eat much dei wi: ka: brekfast. in iygland pi:pl i:t matf more for breakfast than in other countries. In many mz: fo: brekfast den in ada kantric. — in meni countries people have only bread and butter with coffee kantriz pi:pl hav ounli bred and bata wid kofi or tea, but in England they have fish, eggs and bacon, 2: tiz, bat in ingland dei hev fif, egz and beikan, and sometimes porridge, too, for breakfast. After this, and samtaimz poridg, tu:, fa: brekfast. a:fta dis, they have tea or coffee with bread and butter. Some- dei hav ti: 9: kofi wid bred and bata. sam- times they put marmalade on their bread and butter. taimz dei put ma:maleid on dea bred and bata. We make marmalade from one of the fruits. wi: meik ma:maleid from wan ov da fru:ts. The next meal of the day is lunch, at one o’clock. Some da nekst mi:l av da dei iz lanf, @t wan a'klok. sam people eat lunch at noon (twelve o'clock). For lunch pispl ist Lanf @t nucn (twelv a'klzk). — fo: Lanf KD \ breaChapter Twelve (12). Ba bacon one potato two potatoes 3)4 carrot }-s most English people eat some meat and vegetables. The moust inglif pizpl i:t sam mi:t and vedgitoble. 6a meat of cows is beef. Vegetables are plants. A potato mi:t av kauz iz bi:f. vedgitablz a: pla:nts. a pa'teitou is a vegetable; a carrot is a vegetable. At seven o'clock ig a vedzitabl; a kerat iz a vedgitabl. et sevn a'klok we have dinner. Dinner is the biggest meal of the wi: hev dina. dina ig 8a bigist mi:l av da day. For dinner most people have meat and vegetables dei. fa: dina moust pi:pl hav mi:t and vedgitable first. After the meat they sometimes have fruit. fa:st. a:fta da mi:t dei samtaims hav fru:t. How many meals do we eat aday? We eat three meals hau meni mi:lz du: wi: i:t a dei? wi: i:t pri: misle a day, but some people also drink tea between the meals. a dei, bat sam pi:pl a:lsou drink ti: bi'twi:n da mi:lz, What are the three big meals of the day? They are hwot a: da pri: big mi:le av do dei? dei a: breakfast in the morning, lunch at noon or at one o'clock, brekfast in d0 moa:niy, lanf @t nu:n 9: at wan a'lk, and dinner in the evening at seven o'clock. Do all and dina in di i:uniy @t seun a'klok. du: 9:1 people have dinner in the evening? No, some people pi:pl hev dina in di i:uniy? nou, sam pi:pl have dinner at one o'clock, and then they call the hev dina @t wan a'klok, and den dei ko:l di evening meal supper. For supper people have bread i:uniy mi:l sapa. fo: sapa pi:pl hav bredThe Twelfth (12th) Chapter. and butter, sometimes with cold meat. and bats, svmtaimz wid kould mist. What are vegetables? Vegetables are plants; potatoes hwot -a: vedgitable? vedzitabls a: pla:nts; pa'teitouz and carrots are vegetables. Food is what we eat. Meat and Rerats a: vedgitabls. fui is hwot wi: i:t. —mizt is food, bread is food, everything we eat is food. A is fucd, bred is fu:d, cvripiy wiz ist iz fucd. 2 tree is a thing; a house is a thing. A man is not a tris iz a pig; a haus is a piy. amen is not a thing, a man is a person. A boy is not a thing, a boy big, 9 men is a paisn. a boi is mata pig. a bai is a person, too. is a parsn, tu:. When it was time to have a meal, the mother went to wen it waz taim ta hev a mi:l, da mada went ta the door and called, “John and Helen, where are you? da d9: and ky:ld, “dgan and helin, hwear a: ju:? Come in, it is dinner-time.” But the children were not kam in, it is dinataim.” bat da tfildran wa: nat in the garden. The mother called again, “John and in 09 ga:dn, da mada kasd a'gein, “dgon ond Helen — it is dinner-time! helin — it iz dinataim!” She went back into the house again and said to ‘her fi: went bek inta da haus a'gein and sed ta ha: husband, “Allan, will you go out into the fields and’see hazband, “alan, wil ju: gow aut inta do fi:ldz and si: what? what What does he say? I take what you give me. What we eat is food.Chapter Twelve (12). do dges did The teacher does not see the child- ren every day. The children do not go to school every day. He did not see them yesterday. They did not go to school yesterday. had been He had been. They had been, 100 where the children are? It is dinner-time. They do hwea a tfildran a:? it iz dinataim. dct du: not hear me when I call. I have called three times. not hia mi: hwenai ka:l. ai hev ko:ld pri: taimz. They are not good children; every day at lunch-time dei a: nat gud tfildran; evri dei @t lanftaim and dinner-time, they are not here and do not hear me.” and dinataim, dei a: not hia and du: not hia imi:.” Mr. Smith went out, but when he came back, the mista smip went aut, bat hwen hi: keim bek, da children were not with him. “I called many times, but tfildran wa: not wid him. “ai ko:ld meni taims, bat they were not there.” “Oh, where are the children?” ci wa: not dea.” “ou, hwear a: da tfildran?” the mother said and went into the house — and there da mada sed and went inta da haus — and dea were the children! wa: da tfildran! They had been in their rooms in the house when their dei hed bin in dea ru:mz in da haus hwen dea mother called. “Have you called, father and mother?” mada ka:ld. “hav ju: ka:ld, fa:da and mada?” they asked. What did the mother go out into the dei azskt. hwot did da mada gou aut inta da garden for? She went out to call the children. Did ga:dn fo:? fi: went aut ta ka:l da tfildran. did she see them? No, she did not see them, they were fiz si: dem? — nou, fi: did not siz: dem, dei wa:The Twelfth (12th) Chapter. not there. What did the mother do when she did nat dea. hwot did da mada du: hwen fi: did not see the children? She said to the father, “Will not si: da tfildran? fi: sed ta da fa:da, “wil you go out into the fields and call the children?” ju: gou aut inta da fi:ldz and ka:l da tfildran?” Did the children hear their parents call them? No, did da tfildran hia dea pearants ka:1 dem? nou, they did not. Where had the children been? They dei did not. hwea hed da tfildran bin? bet had been in their rooms. How many meals a day do hed bi:n in dea ru:mz. hau meni miclz -@ dei du: most people have? They have three meals a day. oust pi:pl hav? dei hav pri: misls a dei. What is food? Everything we eat is food. Bread is hwot is fu:d? — evripig wi: i:t iz fud. bred is food; meat is food. Is a man a thing? No, a man fucd; mi:t is fu:d. is a mana pin? nou, 2 man is not a thing, a man is a person. When do people is not a pig, a men iz a pa:sn. hwen du: pi:pl have tea? Oh, some have tea many times a day. hev tis? ou, sam hav ti: meni taimz a dei. Most people have tea in the afternoon at four o'clock moust pi:pl hev ti: in di a:fta'nu:n et fo: atklok or five o’clock (at tea-time). Some people have coffee a: faiv a'kbk (et ti:taim). sam pi:pl hav — kofi after lunch and after dinner. a:fta lanf and a:fta dina. ne a Nz = = 101Chapter Twelve (12). z comes? does... come? What comes? ‘Who comes? Does the man come? do you have? have you? Do you have dinner at seven o'clock? I do not have dinner at seven o'clock. Have you walked to the lake? have not walked ‘to the lake. 102 When is it morning? It is morning from the time the hwen iz it mo:nig? it iz mo:niy from da taim da sun is up till (until) noon. When is noon? Noon is san is ap til (an'til) nucn. — hwen is nu:n? —mucn iz at twelve o'clock. When is the afternoon? The after- et twelv a'klok. hwen is di a:fta'nu:n? di a:fta- noon is from lunch-time until tea-time. What do we ‘nu:n iz from lanftaim an'til _ ti:taim. hwot du: wi: call the time after tea-time? The time after tea-time ko:1 da taim a:fta ti:taim? da taim a:fta tistaim we call the evening. What comes after the evening? wi: ko:l di icuniy, —hwat kamz afta di i:onig? After the evening comes the night. At night people a:fta di izeniy hams da nait. et nait_ pizpl sleep. They sleep in beds. The children go to bed at slizp. dei slizp in beds. da tfildran gow ta-bed «t eight o'clock in the evening. Then their mother puts eit a'klok in di izemiy. den dea mada _ puts them to bed and says, “Good night, John and Helen, dem ta bed and sez, “gud nait, don and helin sleep well!” The parents do not go to bed till eleven sli:p wel!” da _pearants du: not gou ta bed til i'leun o'clock. a'klak. What do John and Helen have for breakfast? Some- hwot du: dzan and helin hev fo: brekfast? sam- times they have porridge and milk for breakfast. Do taimz dei hav poridz and milk fo: brekfast. duThe Twelfth (12th) Chapter. the children have coffee in the afternoon? No, they 2 tfildran hev kofi in di a:ftanu:n? nou, dei do not, but sometimes, when they come from school du: nat, bat sanitaime, wen dei kam fram sku:l in the afternoon, they have.tea with bread and butter. in di azfta'nu:n, dei hav ti: wid bred and bata. EXERCISE A. We have three big —a day. The first meal of the day is —. Some people have — in the morning with — and butter, and the children sometimes have — and milk. The English eat more for — than most people; they have — and eggs, and sometimes —. They drink tea and have bread and butter with —. At one o’clock people have —. In some countries most people — bread and butter for lunch, but in England many people have — and — for lunch. — and — are vegetables. The third big meal of the day is —. For dinner we have — and vegetables. The meat of cows is —. At twelve o’clock it is —. The time between lunch-time and tea-time is the —. Some- times people have dinner at one o'clock, and then they call the meal at seven o’clock —. The time after tea- time is the —. — is what we eat. A tree is a +, and a house is also a —, but a man is not a —; a man is a person. When did the mother — the children? The mother went to the door and — John and Helen before dinner. Did the children — their mother call? No, the children WORDS: breakfast meal bread fish bacon porridge marmalade lunch vegetable potato carrot dinner meat beef supper food everything thing 103Chapter Twelve (12). call hear again see evening noon did afternoon sleep bed till until out sun up 104 did not — their mother call. What — the mother do, when the children did not come? When they did not come, she went into the house — and said to her hus- band, “I do not — the children. Will you go — and see — they are?” — do the children go to bed? The children go to — at eight o'clock. — puts the children to bed? Their mother puts them to bed and says, “Good night, children, — well!” — do the parents go to bed? The parents do not go to bed — eleven o'clock. EXERCISE B. How many meals do most people have a day? ... What are the three big meals of the day? ... What do they have in England for breakfast? ... What do people in some other countries have for breakfast? ... What do English people have for lunch? ... What do we call potatoes and carrots? ... Do all people have dinner at seven o’clock? ... Are trees and houses things or per- sons? ... Where had the children been when their mother called them? ... What did they say when they came from their rooms? ... When is the afternoon? ... What do we call the time after tea-time? ... When do the children go to bed? ...Chapter Thirteen (13). The Thirteenth (13th) Chapter. LANGUAGES English is a language, Swedish is a language, and iyglif is a leygwidg, swi:dif is 9 leygwids. ond French is a language. English, Swedish, and French frenf is 9 leygwids. inglif, swi:dif, and _frenf are languages. The people in England speak the English a: leygwid da pi:pl in ingland spi:k i inglif language; they speak English. The people in Sweden leygwids; dei spizk inglif. a pi:pl_ in swicdn speak the Swedish language; they speak Swedish. The spi:k 00 swicdif laygwids; dei spi:k swicdif. da people in France speak the French language; they speak pi:pl in fra:ns spisk da frenf leygwidz; dei spizk French. A language has many words. “Man” is a frenf. a leygwidg hez meni wa:dz, “man” iz a word; “go” is a word. The word “read” has four wa:d; “gou” is a ward. a ward “rid” haz fo: «, letters: r-e-a-d; “r” is a letter; “e” is a letter; “a” is letaz: a:-i:-ei-di:; “a:” iz a leta; “i:” ig a leta; “ei” iz a letter; “d” is a letter. a leta; “di:” is 9 eta. What language do people speak in Norway? In Norway hwot leygwids du: pipl spizk in mz:wei? in no:wei they speak Norwegian. Where do they speak the dei spizk nas'wisdzon, —srwea du: dei spizk- di a 105Chapter Thirteen (13). The English alphabet: ei) dabl ju:] eks] wai] zed] NSKX See aun evos Baw Mme ao oD cannot = can not 106 English language? They speak the English language inglif leygwids? dei spi:k di inglif leygwidg in many countries, for example: in England, in North in meni kantris, for ig'sa:mpl: in iyglond, in no:p America, and in Australia. How many words has the a'merika, and in 9:'streilja. hau meni wa:dz hes di English language? They say it has 250,000 (two hundred inglif leygwids? dei sei it hez tu: handrid and fifty thousand) words. | How many letters are and fifti pausond wasds. hax meni tetas a: there in the word “woman”? There are five letters dea in da wad “wuman”? dsar a: faiv letas in the word “woman”. in da wa:d “wuman”. How many letters has the alphabet? The English hau meni letas hes di elfabit? ai inglif alphabet has twenty-six (26) letters. Some alphabets elfabit hes twenti'siks letas, sam elfabits have more than twenty-six letters. hev mo: den twenti'siks letas. Can the children in the Swedish schools speak English? ken da tfildron in do swi:dif sku:ls spi:k — igglif? No, not the small children, but the big children learn nou, nat da smal tfildran, bat da big tfildran la:n to speak English. Can John speak Danish? No, the ta spi:k inglif. ken dgan spizk — deinif? nou, da children in England cannot speak Danish; they do tfildron in ingland kenot spisk — deinif; dei du:The Thirteenth (13th) Chapter. not learn to speak Danish in the English schools. not lan ta spizk deinif im. di igglif — skuzlz. Can the baby walk? No, she cannot walk, she is not ken da beibi wa:k? nou, fi: kenst woazk, fi: iz not big enough to walk. The mother says that she cannot big inaf ta wok. da mada sez dat fi: kaenat see the children; the mother says, “I cannot see the si: da tfildron; 80 mada sez, “ai kenst si: da children.” The father says that they are in the fields; tfildran.” da fa:da sez dat de a: in da fi:ldz; he says, “They are in the fields.” John said that he hi: sez, “dei a: in da fi:ld2.” don sed dat hi: had been in his room; John said, “I have been in my hed bi:n in hiz ru:m; dgon sed, “ai hav bi:n in mai room.” usm.” Some words say that a person or a thing does or is sam wa:de sei dat a pa:sn 9: a piy dag 9: iz something, for example: The man goes; the house is in sampiy, for ig'za:mpl: 9 man gouz; 89 haus iz in the garden; the mother makes the food; the children da ga:dn; da mada meiks da fu:d; da tfildran play in the garden. The words we have here we call plei in da ga:dn. da wa:dz wi: hev hia wi: ko:l “verbs”. The words “go”, “play”, “make” are verbs. “va:b2”. da wa:dz “gou”, “plei”, “meik” a: va:bz. Are there other verbs? Yes, there are many other a; deo ada vazbz? jes, dear a: meni ada 107Chapter Thirteen (13). this these This boy is English. These children are English, everything something Can you say everything in English? No, but now I can say something in English. 108 verbs. There is a word for everything we do, and va:be. dear is a wacd fo: evripiy wi: du:, and these words we call “verbs”. “Give” is an English diss wards wi: ko:1 “va: “giv” is an inglif verb; this verb is English. “Give” and “take” are va:b; dis va:b iz inglif. “giv” and “teik” a: English verbs; these verbs are English. inglif, va dirs vasbs a: inglif. We shall now write some of the English verbs we have wi: fel naw rait sam av di igglif vazbz wi: hev learned till now: I learn, they call, he plays, we ask, land til nau: ai la:n, deci ka:l, hi: pleic, wi: a:sk, you answer, she has, and many others. All these verbs ju: a:nsa, fi: hes, and meni adaz. ail disz varbe say that a person does or is something at this time, sei dat a pa:sm daz 9: iz sampiy at dis taim, to-day, or now. But when we say: I learned, they have ta'dei, 9: nau, bat hwen wi: sei: ai la:nd, dei hav called, he played, we have asked, you answered, she kocld, hi: pleid, wi: hev. a:skt, ju: arnsad, — fi: had, we do not say that the persons do something now, hed, wi: du: nat sei dat da pa:sns du: sampiy nau, at this time, but at another time, a time before now: et dis taim, bat et a'nsda taim, a taim bi'fo: nau: we asked her yesterday; last year they were at the wi: a:skt ha: jestadi; la:st jia dei wa: @t da farm. In most of these verbs we put -ed after the word fa:m. in moust av’ diss va:be wi: put i:di: a:fta da wadThe Thirteenth (13th) Chapter. when the time is not now, but a time before now. hwen da taim is not nau, bat a taim bi'fo: naw. But in some of the verbs we do not put -ed after the bat in sam av da va:bs wi: du: not put i:di: a:fta da word; we say: I give to-day, but: I gave yesterday. We wa:d; wi: sei: ai giv ta'dei, bat: ai geiv jestadi. wi: also say: I have learned to read at school, but: I have also sei: ai hev la:nd ta ri:d @t sku:l, bat: ai hev given her the pencil. I take the book now. I took the gity ha: da pensil. ai teik da buk nau. ai tuk da book yesterday. I have taken the book home with me. buk — jestadi. ai hev tetkn da buk houm wid mi:. 7 What does John do in the morning? He goes to school Iwot daz dgon du: in 8a ma:niy? hi: gous ta sku:l in the morning. What did John do yesterday? He went in da ma:niy. hat did dgon du: jestadi? hi: went to school yesterday. What has John done for seven ta sku:l jestadi. wot hez dzam dan fo: seon years? He has gone to’ school for seven years. jiaz? hi: hes gon to sku:l fo: seun —jiaz. I see the children in the garden. I also saw them there ai si: da tfildran in da ga:dn, ai a:lsou so: dem dca yesterday. I have seen them there every day. jestadi. ai hev si:n dem dea evri dei. John hears mother call him now. He heard mother call dgzan -hiag mada kal him nau. hi: ha:d mada koh him before, He has not heard mother call. him bi'fo:. hi: hez nat ha:d = mada koil. 109Chapter Thirteen (13). 110 They put their books in their rooms now. They put their dei put dea buks in dea ru:mz nau. dei put dea books in their rooms yesterday. They have put their buks in dea ru:ma jestadi. — dei_—shav put dea books in their rooms every day this week. buks in dea ru:mz evri dei dis wick. Mother makes the food to-day. Aunt Gwen made the mada meiks 6a fu:d taldei. a:nt gwen meid da tea yesterday. Helen has not made the tea. ti: jestadi. helin hez not meid da ti:. Baby sleeps in Helen’s room now. Baby slept in her beibi sli:ps in heling ruzm nau. beibi slept in ha: mother’s room till she was six months old. Baby has madaz oru:m til fi: wos siks manps ould. beibi hez slept in Helen’s room for twelve days. slept in helinz ru:m fo: twelv deiz. We eat three meals a day. John ate a. pear yesterday. wir ist pri: mile a dei, dgon ct a pea jestadi. Helen has not eaten all her apples. helin hes nat i:tn 9:1 ha: epls. Helen says something to her father now. She said helin sez sampiy ta ha: fa:da nan. fi: sed something to him yesterday. Has mother said “Good sampiy ta him jestadi. hes mada sed “gud night” to you? nait? ta jus? Helen swims very well now. John swam in the lake helin swims veri wel nau. d32n swem in da leikThe Thirteenth (13th) Chapter. yesterday. He has swum many times in tht lake. jestadi. hi: hez swam meni taimz in da leik. The cows drink the water of the lake. John drank 0 kauz driyk da wo:ta av da leik. dgou dreyk milk yesterday. Baby has not drunk her milk. milk jestadi, —beibi hes wt drayk ha: milk I read a book every week. I read a book yesterday. I ai ri:d a buk evri wi:k. ai red a buk jestadi. ai have read this book many times. hev red dis buk meni taime. John writes to his uncle every month. He wrote to his dgon raits ta his agkl evri manp. hi: rout ta his uncle yesterday. He has written many times to his uncle. agkl jestadi. hi: haz ritn meni taims ta hic ayhl. John can read books now. He could not read when he was dan ken ri:d buks nau. hi: kud not ri:d hwen hi: woz five years old. He has been able to read for six years. faiv jiaz ould, hi: hes bi:n eibl ta risd fa: siks jiag. : I am able to, or I can. I was able to, or I could. ai em eibl ta, 9: ai ken. ai we eibl ta, 9: ai kud. We sai But we can only say: I have been able to. You are able bat wi: ken ounli sei: ai hev bi:n eibl ta. ju: a: eibl to, or you can. You were able to, or you could. You ta, 9: ju: ken. ju: wa: eibl ta, 9: ju: kud. ju: have been able to. He is able to, or he can. He was hev bi:n eibl ta. hi: iz eibl ta, 9: hi: ken. hi: woz able to, or he could. He has been able to. When you eibl ta, 9: hi: kud. hi: haz bin eibl ta. hwen ju: 111Chapter Thirteen (13). 112 have read all these verbs many times, you will have hav red 9:1 di:s va:bzs meni taimz, ju: wil hev learned them. la:nd dem. What is a verb? A verb is a word. What does a verb hwot is a va:b? a va:b ig a wad. hwot daz a va:b say? A verb says what a person or a thing does or is. sei? 9 va:b ses hwat 9 pa:sn 9: 9 piy daz 9: is. Which of these words: “The father gives John a foot- hwitl ov di: wasde: “da fa:do give dgon a fut- ball”, is a verb? The word “gives” is a verb; when bo:l?, ig a vacb? da wacd “give” is a va:b; hwen we ask, “What does the father do?” we answer, “He wis aisk, “hwot daz da fa:da du:?” wi: a:nsa, “hi: gives.” Which of these words: “John was in the garden”, givs.” hwit{ av di:z wa:dz: “dan woe in da ga:dn”, is a verb? The word “was” is a verb. What do we put ga vab? da ward “woe” iz a vasb. hwoat du: wi: put after most English verbs when it is not now that we do a:fta moust inglif vasbs hwen it iz not nam dat wi: du: something, but at a time before now? We put the letters sampiy, bat et a taim bi'fo: nau? wi: put da letas -ed after the word. We have had some of these verbs. izdi: a:fta da ward. wi: hev hed sam av di:z va:bz. The word “learn” is one of these verbs; we say: I learn da weed “la:n” ig wan av di:e va:bz; wi: sei: ai lan English now, I learned some English words yesterday, inglif nau, ai la:nd sam inglif wade jestadi,The Thirteenth (13th) Chapter. but I have not learned enough English words. bat ai hev not land i'naf — inglif wads. Have we had others of these verbs? Yes, we have hev wi: hed das a diss jes, wis hev learned some others: “call”, “play”, “ask”, “answer”, land sam adaz: “ka:1?, “plei”, “a:sk”, “a:nsa”, and “walk”; after all these verbs we put the letters -ed and “wo:k”; acfta 9:1 dizz va:bz wi: put da letes i when we speak of a time before now. Do all verbs take hwen wi: spi:k av ataim bi'fo: nau. du: 9:1 va:bz teik -ed? No, we have also learned some other verbs, for ? nou, wi: hav a:lsou la:nd sam ada va:bz, far example: “give”, “take”; these verbs do not take the -ed. ig'za:mpl: “giv”, “teik”; di:z vasbs du: nat teik di EXERCISE A. French is a —, and English is also a —. In England people — the English language, and in Sweden they — Swedish. “Man” and “book” are—. There are three — in the word “man”. There are twenty-six letters in the English —, but in other — there are more —. The big children in the Swedish schools can speak English, but in the English schools the children — speak Swedish. John says — he can swim. Helen says — she is not a good swimmer. I gave" her the pencil; I have — her the pencil. He takes the book to-day; he — the book yesterday; he has — the book many times. Helen has — to school for five years. other others Have we had other verbs? Yes, we have others. had 13Chapter Thirteen (13). WORDS: language speak word letter alphabet can cannot could able to that something example verb these north fifty hundred thousand given took taken gone done saw seen said heard put made slept eaten swam swum drank drunk 114 Verbs say what a person or a thing does, — example: The man goes. The words “play”, “walk”, “learn” we call —. In — three verbs we put -ed after the word when we speak of a time before —. What — John do yesterday morning? He — to school. What has Helen — for five years? She has — to school for five years. John asks Helen, “Have you seen my book?” and she —, “No, I have not — it to-day, but I — it yesterday.” Had John and Helen — their mother call them? No, but they — her when they came from their rooms. Where does John — his books when he comes home from school? He — them in his room. He — them there yesterday, and he has — them there every day. ‘Who — the food? Mother — it. Who — the tea yesterday? Aunt Gwen — it. Has Helen — the tea? No, she has not — it. Where — people sleep? They sleep in—. — Helen sleep last night? Yes, she — last night. — the baby slept in John’s room? No, but she has — in Helen's room for twelve days. What — the children have for breakfast? They — porridge. Did they — porridge yesterday? No, yesterday they — bread and butter. Has Baby — bread for breakfast, too? No, she has — milk. — John and Helen swim in the lake every day? No, but they — there yesterday, and they have — there many times this summer. - Has John — the book his father gave him? Yes, he read it yesterday, and Helen will — it now. What — John write with at school? He — with pen and ink, but when he was small, he — with a pencil.The Thirteenth (13th) Chapter. Has Helen — with pen and ink? Yes, but when she was small, she — not — with pen and ink. Can Helen swim? Yes, but last year she — not swim. Has John been — to swim for many years? No, he has only — able — swim for two years. EXERCISE B. What language do they speak in England? ... What language do they speak in Norway? ... How many letters has the word “write”? ... What is a verb? ... Can you write some of the verbs we have learned? ... Were you able to write them last year? ... Who took the children to the lake? ... What do we put after the verbs “call”, “learn”, “walk”, “ask”, “answer” when we speak of some time before now? ... read wrote written now twenty-six time America Australia 115Chapter Fourteen (14). The Fourteenth (14th) Chapter. this that This book (here) is my book. That book (there) is your book. chair 116 MR. SMITH’S HOUSE Mr. Smith has a house with five rooms. In one of the mista smip hes a haus wid faiv ru:ms. in wan av da rooms the family have theirmeals;that isthe dining-room. ru:ma da femili hev dca mi:le; det iz da dainigru:m. They have their dinner in the dining-room; they dine dei hav dea dina in da dainiyru:m; dei dain in the dining-room. After dinner they go into another in da dainigru:m. a:fta dina dei gou intu a'nada room; that is the sitting-room. Here they sit in big ru:m; det iz do — sitigru:m. hia dei sit in big chairs and read their books in the evenings. There is tfeaz and ri:d dea buks in di i:umiyz, dear iz also a kitchen in the house. The kitchen is the room a:lsou a kitfjan in 60 haus, da kitfan iz da ru:m where Mrs. Smith makes the food. Krwea misis smip meiks da fusd. How many rooms are there in Mr. Smith’s house? There hau meni ru:mz a: dea in mista smips haus? dear are five rooms in it. Where do the family have their a: faiv ru:mz in it. hwea du: da femili hev dea meals? They have their meals in the dining-room. Into mi:ls? dei hev dea mi:ls in da dainiyru:m. — inta which of the rooms do the family go after dinner? hwit[ av da ru:mz du: da famili gou a:fta dina?