Character table for Cs point group

linear,
rotations

quadratic
2

Character table for C3 point group

A'

x, y, Rz

x , y , z , xy

A''

-1

z, Rx, Ry

yz, xz

Character table for C2 point group

E C3

(C3)2

linear,
rotations

quadratic

A 1

z, Rz

x2+y2, z2

1
1

e
e*

e*
e

x+iy; Rx+iRy
x-iy; Rx-iRy

(x2-y2, xy) (yz, xz)

C2

linear,
rotations

quadratic

e = exp(2i/3)

z, Rz

x2, y2, z2, xy

Character table for C4 point group

-1

x, y, Rx, Ry

yz, xz

Character table for Ci point group

E

linear,
rotations

Ag

Rx, Ry, Rz

Au

-1

x, y, z

quadratic
2

C4

C2

(C4)3

linear,
rotations

quadratic

z, Rz

x2+y2, z2

-1

-1

1
1

i
-i

-1
-1

-i
i

x , y , z , xy, xz, yz

C2

linear,
rotations

x+iy; Rx+iRy
x-iy; Rx-iRy

(yz, xz)

Character table for C5 point group

(C5)2

(C5)3

(C5)4

linear,
rotations

quadratic

z, Rz

x2+y2, z2

E1

1 e
1 e*

e2
e2*

e2*
e2

e*
e

x+iy, Rx+iRy
x-iy, Rx-iRy

(yz, xz)

E2

1 e2
1 e2*

e*
e

e
e*

e2*
e2

E C5

Character table for C2 point group

E

x2-y2, xy

quadratic
2

z, Rz

x , y , z , xy

-1

x, y, Rx, Ry

yz, xz

A 1

(x2-y2, xy)

e = exp(2i/5)

A2 1

-1

Rz

E 2

-1

(x, y) (Rx, Ry)

(x2-y2, xy) (xz, yz)

Character table for C6 point group

E C6 C3 C2 (C3)2
A 1

B 1 -1
E1
E2

(C6)5

linear,
rotations

quadratic

z, Rz

x2+y2, z2

-1

-1

1 e -e* -1
1 e* -e -1

-e
-e*

e*
e

-e
-e*

1 -e -e
1 -e -e*

1
1

-e
-e

E
x+iy; Rx+iRy
x-iy; Rx-iRy

(xz, yz)
(x2-y2, xy)

e = exp(i/3)
Character table for C2v point group
C2 (z)

v(xz)

v(yz)

linear,
rotations

quadratic

A1 1

x2, y2, z2

A2 1

-1

-1

Rz

xy

B1 1

-1

-1

x, Ry

xz

B2 1

-1

-1

y, Rx

yz

Character table for C4v point group

2C4 (z)

C2 2v 2d

linear,
rotations

quadratic
x2+y2, z2

A1 1

A2 1

-1

-1

Rz

B1 1

-1

-1

x2-y2

B2 1

-1

-1

xy

-2

(x, y) (Rx, Ry)

(xz, yz)

Character table for C5v point group

2C5 (z)

2(C5)2

5v

linear,
rotations

quadratic

A1 1

x2+y2, z2

A2 1

-1

Rz

E1 2 2cos(2/5)

2cos(4/5)

(x, y) (Rx, Ry)

E2 2 2cos(4/5)

2cos(2/5)

(xz, yz)
(x2-y2, xy)

Character table for C3v point group

E
A1 1

2C3 (z)

3v

linear,
rotations

quadratic

x2+y2, z2

Character table for C6v point group

E 2C6 (z) 2C3 (z) C2 (z) 3v 3d

linear,
rotations

quadratic

A1 1

A2 1

-1

-1

Rz

B1 1

-1

-1

-1

B2 1

-1

-1

-1

E1 2

-1

-2

E2 2

-1

-1

x2+y2, z2

(x, y) (Rx, Ry)

(xz, yz)
(x2-y2, xy)

Character table for C2h point group

E

C2 (z)

linear,
rotations

quadratic

Ag

Rz

x2, y2, z2, xy

Bg

-1

-1

Rx, Ry

xz, yz

Au

-1

-1

Bu

-1

-1

x, y
linear functions,
rotations

quadratic
functions

A' 1

Rz

x2+y2, z2

1
1

e
e*

e*
e

1 e
1 e*

e*
e

x+iy
x-iy

(x2-y2, xy)

A'' 1

-1 -1

-1

1
1

e
e*

e*
e

-1 -e
-1 -e*

-e*
-e

Rx+iRy
Rx-iRy

E'

E''

e = exp(2i/3)
Character table for C4h point group

(xz, yz)

i (S4)3 h S4

linear,
rotations

quadratic

Rz

x2+y2, z2

Ag 1

1 1

Bg 1

-1

-1

-1

1 -1

1
1

i
-i

-1
-1

-i
i

1
1

i
-i

-1 -i
-1 i

Rx+iRy
Rx-iRy

Au 1

-1

-1

-1 -1

Bu 1

-1

-1

-1

-1 1

1
1

i
-i

-1
-1

-i
i

-1
-1

-i
i

1 i
1 -i

Eg

Eu

x2-y2, xy
(xz, yz)

x+iy
x-iy

Character table for C5h point group

E

C (C5) (C5) (C5)

S5

1 1

1 e e2
E'1
1 e* e2*

e2*
e2

e*
e

e2
1 2
E'2
e
1 *

e*
e

A'' 1 1

(S5) (S5) (S5)

linear,
quadrati
rotation
c
s

Rz

1 e e2
1 e* e2*

e2*
e2

e*
e

x+iy
x-iy

e
e*

e2
e2* 1 2 e*
e
e2 1 * e

e
e*

e2*
e2

-1 -1
1

-1

-1

E'' 1 e e2
1 e* e2*
1

e2*
e2

e*
e

-e
1
-e2 -e2* -e*
- * -e2* -e2 -e
e
1

E'' 1 e2

e2*

- -

A' 1 1

Character table for C3h point group

E C3(z) (C3)2 h S3 (S3)5

E C4(z) C2 (C4)3

e*

-e*

-e

-e2*

x2+y2, z2

(x2-y2,
xy)
z
Rx+iRy
Rx-iRy

(xz, yz)

e2
*

e*

e2
1
- 2 -e
e
1 *

e2

e*
-e*

-e2

1 1

-1
1

-1

Bu 1 -1

1 -1

-1

1
1

-1 1

Au 1

e = exp(2i/5)

E1 1 e
e*
u 1

E2 1 -e
-e
u 1

-1 -e
e*
-1 -e*
-e

e*
e

-e
1 -e*
1 -e
e*

-e
-e*

Character table for C6h point group

linear,
C6(z C C (C3) (C6) (S3) (S6) S
quadrati
E
i 5
S3 rotation
2
5
5
) 3 2
c
h
6
s
Ag 1

1 1

Bg 1 -1

1 -1

E1 1 e
e*
g 1

-1 -e
e*
-1 -e*
-e

E2 1 -e* -e 1 -e*
-e - 1 -e
g 1

1 1

-1 1 -1
*

e
e

1
1

e
e*

-e 1 -e*
-e*
-e

1 1

1 -1
1

-e *
-e 1
e Rx+iRy
(xz, yz)
-e - * e Rx-iRy
e
1
-e 1 - -e
-e* 1 e* -

(x2-y2,
xy)

1
1
1

-e
-e*

e
e

1
1

e*
e

1 e *
e
1 e*
-e

e
e*

1 e* e
- e e*
1

x+iy
x-iy

Character table for D2 point group

linear,
rotations

C2 (z)

C2 (y)

C2 (x)

B1 1

-1

-1

z, Rz

xy

B2 1

-1

-1

y, Ry

xz

B3 1

-1

-1

x, Rx

yz

- -1
1 1

e = exp(i/3)

R x2+y2,
z2
z

-e e*

quadratic
x2, y2, z2

Character table for D3 point group

E 2C3 (z)

3C'2

linear,
rotations

quadratic

x2+y2, z2

A1 1

A2 1

-1

z, Rz

E 2

-1

(x, y) (Rx, Ry)

(x2-y2, xy) (xz, yz)

B2 1

-1

-1

-1

E1 2

-1

-2

E2 2

-1

-1

Character table for D4 point group

linear functions,
rotations

E 2C4 (z) C2 (z) 2C'2 2C''2

A1 1

A2 1

-1

-1

B1 1

-1

-1

B2 1

-1

-1

E 2

-2

quadratic
functions
x2+y2, z2

z, Rz

(x, y) (Rx, Ry)

2(C5)2

2C5 (z)

5C'2

A2 1

-1

z, Rz

E1 2 2cos(2/5)

2cos(4/5)

(x, y) (Rx, Ry)

E2 2 2cos(4/5)

2cos(2/5)

(x2-y2, xy)

linear,
C2 (z C2 (y C2 (x

quadrati
E
i
rotation
)
)
)
(xy) (xz) (yz)
c
s
x2, y2, z2

Ag 1

x2-y2

B1g 1

-1

-1

-1

-1

Rz

xy

xy

B2g 1

-1

-1

-1

-1

Ry

xz

(xz, yz)

B3g 1

-1

-1

-1

-1

Rx

yz

Au 1

-1

-1

-1

B1u 1

-1

-1

-1

B2u 1

-1

-1

-1

B3u 1

-1

-1

-1

quadratic
2

A1 1

(xz, yz)

Character table for D2h point group

Character table for D5 point group

linear,
rotations

(x, y) (Rx, Ry)

x +y , z

(xz, yz)

Character table for D6 point group

E 2C6 (z) 2C3 (z) C2 (z) 3C'2 3C''2
A1 1

A2 1

-1

-1

B1 1

-1

-1

-1

linear,
rotations

quadratic

Character table for D3h point group

x2+y2, z2
z, Rz

E 2C3
A'1

3C'2
1

h 2S3
1

3v
1

linear,
rotations

quadratic
x2+y2, z2

A'2
E'

-1

-1

Rz

-1

-1

A''1 1

-1

-1

-1

A''2 1

-1

-1

-1

E''

-1

-2

(Rx, Ry)

(x2-y2, xy)

(x, y)

A'
1

(xz, yz)

A'
2

Character table for D4h point group

E'

linears,
2C4 (z C 2C' 2C''
2
quadrati
E
i 2S4 h
2d rotation
)
c
2
2
2
v
s
A1g 1

1 1 1 1

x2+y2, z2

A2g 1

-1

-1

1 1 1 -1 -1

B1g 1

-1

-1

1 -1 1 1

-1

x2-y2

B2g 1

-1

-1

1 -1 1 -1

xy

Eg 2

-2

2 0 -2 0

A1u 1

-1 -1 -1 -1
1

A2u 1

-1

-1

-1 -1 1
1

B1u 1

-1

-1

1 -1 -1
1

B2u 1

-1

-1

1 -1 1
1

-1

Eu 2

-2

0 2 0
2

Rz

(Rx, Ry)

(x, y)

Character table for D5h point group

(xz, yz)

E'
2

2C5

2(C5)

5C
'2 h

2S5

2(S5)

linear,
5
quadra
rotatio
v
tic
ns

1 1

-1 1

-1

x2+y2,
z2
Rz

2cos(2 2cos(4
2cos(2 2cos(4
0 2
0 (x, y)
/5)
/5)
/5)
/5)

2cos(4 2cos(2
2cos(4 2cos(2
0 2
0
/5)
/5)
/5)
/5)

A'
1
'1

-1

-1

-1

A'
1
'2

-1

-1

-1

E' 2cos(2 2cos(4

2
0
2cos(2 2cos(4 0
'1
/5)
/5)
2
/5)
/5)
E' 2cos(4 2cos(2
2
0
2cos(4 2cos(2 0
'2
/5)
/5)
2
/5)
/5)

(x2-y2,
xy)

z
(Rx,
Ry)

(xz, yz)

Character table for D6h point group

E
A1
g

A2
g

2C 2C C 3C' 3C''
6

1 1

1 1

1 -1

B1g 1 -1
B2g 1 -1
E1g 2 1

1 -1 1
1 -1 -1
-1 -2 0

E2g 2 -1 -1 2
A1
u

A2
u

B1
u

B2
u

E1
u

E2
u

2S 2S 3 3
3

1 1

-1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 -1 -1

-1 1 -1 1
1

1 -1 1
-1 1
1

2 1 -1
0
2

2 -1 -1 2 0

1 1

1 -1

-1

-1 -1
1
1
1

2 1

1 -1 1

-1
1 -1 1 -1 1
1

1 -1 -1

1 -1 1 1 -1
1

-1 -2 0

2 -1 -1 2

-1 1 2 0
2

1
2

0
2

Character table for D2d point group

E 2S4

C2 (z)

linear,
rotations

2C'2 2d

quadratic
x2+y2, z2

A1 1

A2 1

-1

-1

B1 1

-1

-1

B2 1

-1

-1

xy

E 2

-2

(x, y) (Rx, Ry)

(xz, yz)

Rz
x2-y2

Character table for D3d point group

(x -y ,
xy)

Rz

0 (Rx, Ry) (xz, yz)

1 1

1 -1

x2+y2, z2

1 -1
1

-1 -1
-1 -1
1
1

1 -1

Linear,
Quadrat
rotatio
ic
ns

E 2C3 3C'2 i 2S6 3d

linear,
rotations

x2+y2, z2

A1g 1

A2g 1

-1

-1

Rz

Eg 2

-1

-1

(Rx, Ry)

A1u 1

-1 -1

-1

A2u 1

-1

-1 -1

Eu 2

-1

-2

(x, y)

quadratic

(x2-y2, xy) (xz, yz)

Character table for D4d point group

E
(x, y)

2S8

2C4 2(S8)3 C2 4C'2 4d

A1 1

A2 1

-1

-1

B1 1

-1

-1

-1

linear,
rotations

quadratic
x2+y2, z2

Rz

B2 1

-1

-1

-1

-(2)1/2 -2

(x, y)

E1 2 (2)1/2

E2 2

-2

(2)1/2

-2

E3 2 -(2)1/2

(x2-y2, xy)
(Rx, Ry)

(xz, yz)

Character table for D5d point group

E
A1
g

A2
g

E1
g

E2
g

A1
u

A2
u

2C5

2(C5)2

5C
i 2(S10)3
'2

2S10

1 1

-1 1

-1

2cos(2 2cos(4
2cos(2 2cos(4
2
0 2
0
/5)
/5)
/5)
/5)

1
1

1
1

-1

-1
1

-1

-1

Rz
(Rx,
R y)

-1

-1
1

E1 2cos(2 2cos(4
2
0
2cos(2 2cos(4 0
/5)
/5)
2
u
/5)
/5)
E2

x2+y2,
z2

2cos(4 2cos(2
2cos(4 2cos(2
2
0 2
0
/5)
/5)
/5)
/5)
1

Character table for D6d point group

linear,
5
quadra
rotatio
tic
d
ns

2cos(4 2cos(2
2
0
2cos(4 2cos(2 0
/5)
/5)
2
/5)
/5)

E 2S12 2C6 2S4 2C3 2(S12)5 C2 6C'2 6d

linear,
quadratic
rotations
x2+y2, z2

A1 1

A2 1

-1

-1

B1 1

-1

-1

-1

-1

B2 1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1 -(3)1/2 -2

(x, y)

(xz, yz)

E1 2 (3)1/2

(x2-y2,
xy)

E2 2

-1 -2 -1

E3 2

-2

-2

E4 2

-1

-1

-1

-1

E5 2 -(3)1/2 1

-1

(3)1/2 -2

Rz

(x2-y2, xy)

(Rx, Ry)

(xz, yz)

Character table for S4 point group

E

S4

C2

(S4)3

linear,
rotations

quadratic

Rz

x2+y2, z2

-1

-1

x2-y2, xy

1
1

i
-i

-1
-1

-i
i

x+iy; Rx+iRy
x-iy; Rx-iRy

(xz, yz)

(x, y)

Character table for S6 point group

E C3(z) (C3)2 i (S6)5 S6

linear,
rotations

quadratic

Ag 1

Rz

x2+y2, z2

1
1

e
e*

e*
e

1
1

e
e*

e*
e

Rx+iRy
Rx-iRy

(x2-y2, xy) (xz, yz)

Au 1

-1

-1

-1

1
Eu
1

e
e*

e*
e

-1 -e
-1 -e*

-e*
-e

x+iy
x-iy

Eg

e = exp(2i/3)
Character table for S8 point group
E S8 C4 (z) (S8)3 C2 (S8)5 (C4)3 (S8)7
1

Rz

B 1 -1

-1

-1

-1

1 e
1 e*

i
-i

-e*
-e

-1
-1

-e
-e*

-i
i

e*
e

x+iy
x-iy

1 i
1 -i

-1
-1

-i
i

1
1

i
-i

-1
-1

-i
i

1 -e
E3
1 -e*

i
-i

e*
e

-1
-1

e
e*

-i
i

-e*
-e

E1
E2

e2 *
E2 1 2 e
e
e
g 1 *

e
e*

e2* 1 +e2 +e* +e +e2*

e2 1 e2* e+ e* e2

Au 1 1

E1 1 e e 2
*
e2*
u 1 e

e2*
e2

e* -1 -e
e -1 -e*

-e2 -e2* -e*

-e2* -e2 e-

e2 *
E2 1 2 e
e
e
u 1 *

e
e*

e2* -1 -e2
e2 -1 -e2*

-e* -e -e2*
-e -e* -e2

x2+y2, z2

Ag 1 1
E1 1 e

e2

e2*

e*

(S10) (S10)

Rx+iRy
Rx-iRy

S10

+ +e

(S10)
3

-1 -1

(xz, yz)

e2

-1

-1

e+

Rx-iRy
(x2-y2,
xy)

-1

linear,
rotations

E 8C3 3C2 6S4 6d

(x2-y2, xy)

e2*

z
x+iy
x-iy

e = exp(2i/5)
Character table for Td point group
quadratic
x2+y2+z2

A1 1

A2 1

-1

-1

E 2

-1

T1 3

-1

-1

(Rx, Ry, Rz)

T2 3

-1

-1

(x, y, z)

e = exp(i/4)
Character table for S10 point group
C (C5) (C5) (C5)

e*

e2

linear,
quadratic
rotations

A 1 1

1
1

1 e* e2*

(2z2-x2-y2, x2-y2)
(xy, xz, yz)

Character table for Oh point group

linear,
quadrat
rotatio
ic
ns
Rz

z2, x2+y2

+e2 +e2 +e* Rx+iRy (xz, yz)

E
A1
g

8C 6C 6C 3C2 =(C4)
3

1 1

6S 8S 3 6

1 1

linear,
quadrati
rotation
c
s
x2+y2+z2

A2
g

1 1

-1 -1

1 -1 1

1 -1

Eg 2 -1

2 0 -1 2

T1g 3 0

-1

-1

3 1

T2g 3 0

-1

-1

3 -1 0 -1 1

1 1

-1 -1 -1 -1
1

1 1

-1 -1

1 -1 -1 1
1

Eu 2 -1

0
2

T1u 3 0

-1

-1

-1 0
3

A1
u

A2
u

(2z2-x2y2, x2-y2)

0 -1 -1

(Rx, Ry,
Rz)
(xz, yz,
xy)

1 -2 0
1

1 (x, y, z)

Character table for Dh point group

Character table for Cv point group

E
A1=

2C

... &sigmav

linear,
rotations

...

A2=- 1

...

-1

Rz

E1= 2 2cos() ...

(x, y) (Rx, Ry)

E2= 2 2cos(2) ...

E3= 2 2cos(3) ...

...

...

...

...

...

..
i
. v

2S

A1g=+g 1

..
1 1
.

..
1
.

A2g=-g 1

..
-1 1
.

..
-1
.

quadratic
2

x +y , z

(xz, yz)
(x2-y2, xy)

linear
.. C
quadrati
functions,
. '2
c
rotations

2C

E1g=g 2 2cos()
E2g=g 2

..
..
0 2
0
.
2cos() .

2cos(2 ..
2cos(2 ..
0 2
0
)
.
)
.

x2+y2, z2
Rz
(Rx, Ry)

(xz, yz)
(x2-y2,
xy)

2cos(3 ..
..
E3g=g 2
0 2 2cos(3
0
)
.
.
)
..
.

...

..
..
...
.
.

...

..
...
.

A1u=+u 1

..
1
.
1

-1

..
-1
.

A2u=-u 1

..
-1
.
1

-1

..
1
.

...

E1u=u 2 2cos()

..
..
0
2cos()
0
.
2
.

2cos(2 ..
..
E2u=u 2
0
2cos(2
0
)
.
2
.
)
z

E3u=u 2
...

..
.

2cos(3 ..
- 2cos(3 ..
0
0
)
.
2
)
.
...

..
..
...
.
.

...

..
...
.

(x, y)