THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINNG

BANGALORE
Department of Mathematics
First Internal Exam
Sub: Probability & Random Processes
Time: 90 mins
Code: 14CS13
Marks: 50
Answer any Five
1. Using mathematical induction, states that for M events A1,A2,A3..AM
i=1

that are mutually exclusive

P ( M A i )= P ( A i )
i=1

2. Show that
P ( A B C )=P ( A ) + P ( B ) + P ( C )P ( A B )P ( A C ) P ( B C ) + P( A B C)

3. a) We are given a number of darts. When we throw a dart at a target, we

have a Probability of 1/4 of hitting the target. What is the probability of
obtaining at least one hit if three darts are thrown? b) A box of 30
diodes is known to contain five defective ones. If two diodes are
selected at random without replacement, what is the probability that
at least one of these diodes is defective?
4. a) A balanced coin is tossed nine times. Find the probabilities of each of
the following events :(a) exactly 3 heads occurred, (b) at least 3 heads
occurred (c) at least 3 heads and at least 2 tails occurred. b) Two six-sided
(balanced) dice are thrown. Find the probabilities of each of the
following events:(a) a 5 does not occur on either throw(b) the sum is 7;
(c) a 5 and a 3 occur in any order(d) the first throw is a 5 and the second
throw is a 5 (e) both throws are 5;(f) either throw is a 6.
5. Cards are drawn from a standard 52-card deck until an ace is drawn.
After each card is drawn, if the card is not an ace), it is put back in the
deck and the cards are reshuffled so that each card drawn is
independent of all others (a) Find the probability that the first ace is
drawn on the 5th selection.(b) Find the probability that at least 5 cards
are drawn before the first ace appears.(c) Repeat parts (a) and (b) if the

cards are drawn without replacement. That is, after each card is drawn,
(if it is not an ace) the card is set aside and not replaced in the deck.
6. Prove that the following identities (i)
(ii)

n
k

()

n
n+ k

( )

n+1
k +1

( )

n
(nk)=(nk
)
n

(iii)

(nk )=2n
k=0