Particles in Water: Settling

CD =

24
NR

NR =

v S .d

v S2

(For NR < 1)

( p ) 1 4 d 3 v S .d 4
g ( p ) v S .d 2
. .2. .. .
.
=
=
g 3
8 24. .d 2 18

g ( p ) d 2
vS =
.
18

1
2

4 (p ) d
vS = .g.
.
CD
3

CD =

18.5
( N R ) 0.6

For NR values of 1 - 1000

Calculation of Settling Velocity

Calculate the settling velocity of 0.25
0 25 mm particles of specific gravity 2.65.
2 65 Given,
Given g = 9.81
9 81 m s-2, s and
are the densities of particle (2650) and water (1000) respectively, in kg m-3, d is the particle diameter in m and
= 1.01 x 10-6 m2 s-1.
g p d 2
vs =
.
18

Assuming
ssu
g Ree < 1,,

Checking,

NR =

vs =

9.81
(2.5 x10 4 ) 2
. ( 2.65 1 )
= 0.0556
18
1 01 10 6
1.01x10

vs .d (0.0556).(2.5x104 )
=
= 13.77

1.01x106

ms-1

Hence calculated vs is incorrect.

,
,

4 ( )
v S = .g. s
.d
C D .
3

CD =

18.5
( N R ) 0 .6

v S2

4 ( ) 4 (s ) d d
= .g. s
.d = .g.
. .

3
C
.
3
18.5
.
D

4 ( s ) 4 ( s ) ( N R ) 0.6
.d = .g.
.d.
= .g.
C D . 3
.
18.5
3

0.6

v1S.4

vS = 0.0317 m s-1

Calculation of Scouring Velocity

v sc = 4. g. s
.d

vsc = 0.254 ms-1

Inlet Channel:
No particle <2.5 mm in diameter must settle in the
inlet channel

I t k
Intake

b
Inlet Channel

s
.d

Vsc of 2.5 mm particle = 4. g.

= 4. 9.81.

h
b

(2650 1000)
.(0.0025) = 0.805 m/s
1000

Inlet Channel Design:

Q = 22.519 MLD = 0.261 m3/s

Q=D
Design
i fl
flow

Choose: n = 0.012;
0 012; S = 00.005;
005; b = 0.20
0 20 m

b = Channel width

Assuming rectangular channel, R = (b.h)/(b + 2.h)

h = depth
d th off flow
fl

A = b.h;
b h;

S = channel slope

Q = A.VH = (1/n).A.(R)2/3.(S)1/2;

A = fl
flow cross section
ti

Choose h such that Q = 0.261

0 261 m3/s; h = 1.09
1 09 m

VH = flow velocity

VH = Q/(A) = 1.197 m/s; VH > Vsc, hence okay

Silt Excluder
1.5L
L

Inlet Channel

Sludge

b
B

Plan

0.25 m
H
h

h1

0.25 m
Hw
Elevation

0.25 m

Sludge

Silt Excluder
All particles greater than 0.25 mm diameter must settle in the silt excluder
Vsc (0.25 mm particles) = 0.254 ms-1;

Thus, VH < Vsc

Design of Silt Excluder:

Height of Weir (Hw) = 1.1 m
Flow over rectangular weir, Q = Cw. (2g)1/2.B.H3/2;

Cw = 0.95; Choose B = 0.90 m

Height of flow over the weir (H) = 0.168 m;

Total Height of flow (h1) = Hw + H = 1.268 m (should be 1 2 m) ;
VH = Q/(h1.B) = 0.228 m s-1 (< Vsc, okay)
Vs (0.25 mm particle) = 0.032 ms-1; T = h/Vs = 40.03 s; L = T. VH = 9.14 m
Provide 50% extra length (i.e., TE ~ 60 sec); Lprov = 13.71 m