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FUTURES

TRADING!
All About Futures & E-Mini Futures ~
what you need to know.

Larry Gaines, Founder

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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Table of Contents
Characteristics of Futures3
Overview of the main futures traded.6
What are Equity Index Futures..7
The Markets.9
Favorites to trade ~ E-Mini S&P & E-Mini
NASDAX 100~ Advantages..14
Future Market Advantages15
Futures Margin Rates.18
Contract Specifications.22
OCO ~ Futures Trading Execution27

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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All About Futures ~ what you need to


know.
Characteristics of Futures
A futures contract is a type of derivative instrument, or
financial contract, in which two parties agree to transact a set
of financial instruments or physical commodities for future
delivery at a particular price. If you buy a futures contract, you
are basically agreeing to buy something that a seller has not yet
produced for a set price. But participating in the futures
market does not necessarily mean that you will be responsible
for receiving or delivering large inventories of physical
commodities - remember, buyers and sellers in the futures
market primarily enter into futures contracts to hedge risk or
speculate rather than to exchange physical goods (which is the
primary activity of the cash/spot market). That is why futures
are used as financial instruments by not only producers and
consumers but also speculators.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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The consensus in the investment world is that the futures


market is a major financial hub, providing an outlet for intense
competition among buyers and sellers and, more importantly,
providing a center to manage price risks. The futures market is
extremely liquid, risky and complex by nature, but it can be
understood if we break down how it functions.
In the futures market, margin has a definition distinct from its
definition in the stock market, where margin is the use of
borrowed money to purchase securities. In the futures market,
margin refers to the initial deposit of "good faith" made into an
account in order to enter into a futures contract. This margin is
referred to as good faith because it is this money that is used to
debit any day-to-day losses.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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When you open a futures contract, the futures exchange will


state a minimum amount of money that you must deposit into
your account. This original deposit of money is called the
initial margin. When your contract is liquidated, you will be
refunded the initial margin plus or minus any gains or losses
that occur over the span of the futures contract. In other
words, the amount in your margin account changes daily as the
market fluctuates in relation to your futures contract. The
minimum-level margin is determined by the futures exchange
and is usually 5% to 10% of the futures contract. These
predetermined initial margin amounts are continuously under
review: at times of high market volatility, initial margin
requirements can be raised.
The initial margin is the minimum amount required to enter
into a new futures contract, but the maintenance margin is the
lowest amount an account can reach before needing to be
replenished. For example, if your margin account drops to a
certain level because of a series of daily losses, brokers are
required to make a margin call and request that you make an
additional deposit into your account to bring the margin back
up to the initial amount.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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Overview of the main futures traded


There are many quality futures markets around the world.
Below are some but not all of the Futures markets that can
be traded using the PCFDTM. I would recommend the main
U.S. Equity Index markets to start with.

Figure 1

For active traders, the favorite and most popular futures


markets, however, are the Equity index futures. While they
all move in the same direction, there are differences in
them that allow traders to match these markets to their
personalities.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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What are the Equity Index Futures?


Equity index futures are designed to trade in relation to a
specific equity index which is comprised of a basket of
securities. These products allow traders to speculate and
hedge risk associated with these markets. Why Equity Index
Futures?

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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The following is a unique combination of features that


offers retail and institutional traders fantastic opportunity:

Significant Tax Benefit


Advantages of Stocks & Mutual funds combined
Lower Margin costs
Low Commissions
Highly Liquid Investments
Huge Volume
Transparency
Near 24-Hour Trading (except for a 15 minute period for
settlement)
Hedging
Portfolio Diversification
Lower risk than stocks (reduced overnight gap risk)

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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The Markets
S&P Mini

Very popular
Highest volume / Most liquid
$50.00 per point per contract (Example: If you buy 1 S&P Emini Futures contract at 1365.00 and sell it at 1370.00, you
made $250.00)
Represents a basket of stocks (S&P 500)
Very orderly market because of its high volume
Ideal for the more conservative trader

NASDAQ Mini

Solid volume
$20.00 per point per contract
Represents a basket of NASDAQ stocks
Orderly market but larger swings partly because of lower
volume than the S&P

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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DOW Mini

Low volume which means large swings in price, very


volatile
$5.00 per point per contract but don't let that fool you, it is
volatile
Represents a basket of Dow stocks
Because of low volume, you may consider doing your
analysis for this market on the S&P chart

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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Russell

Low volume
Popular because of its price point, this is not a market for
conservative personalities
$100.00 per point per contract
Represents a basket of Russell stocks
The combination of low volume and the high price point
means a big money, fast moving market (not for the
beginner)

DAX

Similar to the Russell


Lower volume
Traded on the Eurex Exchange
25.00 Euros per full point, per contract
This is a big money market that can really move so
beginners beware

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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FESX

Saving one of the best for last


Super high volume on a 100% electronic exchange
(Eurex)
10.00 Euros per point, per contract
For those in Europe, this is a great market to trade

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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For more information on these and other futures markets,


see the following websites:
www.cmegroup.com
www.eurexchange.com
In the world of equities, there are MANY different ways to
take advantage of a move in the market. Knowing the details
of the different markets helps you make the best decision
based on your individual goals and requirements.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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Favorites to trade ~ E-Mini S&P & E-Mini


NASDAX 100~ Advantages
Relatively Small Trade Size. The E-mini S&P (ES)
Contract is 1/5th the size of the regular S&P Contract so a 1
point move in the market is equal to $50 per E Mini S&P
contract instead of $250 per contract for the full sized
contract.
1.

2. The E-mini NASDAQ 100 (NQ) ~ a 1 point move in the


market is equal to $20 per E Mini NASDAQ 100. Each tick
equals $5 per contract.
3. A Completely Electronic Market. There is no open outcry
trading for the E Mini S&P (ES) or NQ contract, so all trades
are made electronically, which many traders feel puts
everyone on a more level playing field.
4. Highly Liquid Market. These contracts trade millions of
contracts a day, meaning almost 24 hour liquidity and very
low transaction costs.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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Future Market Advantages


1. No Day-trading Restrictions. Unlike the stock market
where you must have at least $25,000 in your account to daytrade, there are no such restrictions in the futures market.
2. Much Lower Margin Requirements. Day-trading margins
for the E Mini S&P go as low as $500 per contract giving
traders much more access to buying power than in the stock
market. It is important to remember here however that
leverage is a sword that cuts both ways, meaning that just as
you can increase profit potential through the use of leverage
this also increases your loss potential, something which we
will cover in future lessons.
3. No Interest Paid on Margin. Unlike the stock market
where you pay interest on margin used, you do not pay any
interest on used margin in the futures market.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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4. Tax Advantages. Futures Trades are generally taxed via the


60/40 rule meaning that 60% of gains are treated as long term
capital gains and 40% are treated as short term capital gains.
For most short term traders this tax treatment is a large
advantage over the stock market, where 100% of short term
gains are taxed at the higher rate.
Now that I have covered the advantages of the futures market,
and the E Mini S&P 500 contract specifically, here are the
general details about the contract which traders will want to
know:
Trading Symbol: ES - The trading symbol for the E Mini S&P
500 contract is ES followed by the symbol for the month and
year. For example the June 2012 contract is ESM12.
Contract Size: $50 X the Index. For example, say the E Mini
S&P 500 was 1365, which would make the contract size 1365 X
$50 = $68,250.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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Minimum Price Fluctuation: .25 Points or $12.50 equals 1


tick which is what the minimum price movement in a futures
contract is referred to.
Trading Hours: Market is open from Sunday Night at 5pm
Central Standard Time, until Friday at 3:15 Central Standard
time except for between 3:15-3:30 PM CST and 4:30 PM-5PM
when the market is closed for maintenance.
Contract Months: H = March, M = June, U = September, Z =
December
Last Day of Trading: 8:30 AM on the third Friday of the
contract month.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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Futures Margin Rates


Stock Index
Name

Symbol

Exchange

Initial Margin

E-mini S&P 500 Index

ES

CME/Globex

$4,375.00

$400.00

DAX Index

FDAX

Eurex

13,950.00

$3,500.00

E-mini NASDAQ 100 Index

NQ

CME/Globex

$2,500.00

$500.00

S&P 500 Index

SP

CME/Globex

$21,875.00

$7,500.00

TF

ICE Futures U.S.

$6,850.00

$500.00

YM

CBOT/Globex

$3,125.00

$500.00

Name

Symbol

Exchange

Initial Margin

Australian Dollar

6A

CME/Globex

$2,362.00

$500.00

British Pound

6B

CME/Globex

$2,025.00

$500.00

Canadian Dollar

6C

CME/Globex

$2,160.00

$500.00

EuroFX

6E

CME/Globex

$4,725.00

$500.00

Japanese Yen

6J

CME/Globex

$2,700.00

$500.00

Dollar Index

DX

ICE Futures U.S.

$1,463.00

$500.00

E-mini EuroFX

E7

CME/Globex

$2,363.00

$500.00

E-mini Japanese Yen

J7

CME/Globex

$1,350.00

$500.00

Russell 2000 Index Mini ($100)


Dow Jones $5 Mini

DayTrade Margin

Currencies

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

DayTrade Margin

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Energies
Name

Symbol

Exchange

Initial Margin

DayTrade Margin

Brent Crude Oil

BRN

ICE Europe

$6,250.00

$1,875.00

Crude Oil

CL

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

$6,885.00

$1,000.00

E-mini Natural Gas

QG

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

$929.00

$500.00

E-mini Crude Light

QM

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

$4,219.00

$500.00

E-mini Unleaded Gasoline

QU

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

$4,250.00

$500.00

Name

Symbol

Exchange

Initial Margin

Gold

GC

COMEX/Globex (COMEXG)

$11,475.00

$1,000.00

Copper

HG

COMEX/Globex (COMEXG)

$5,738.00

$1,000.00

miNY Copper

QC

COMEX/Globex (COMEXG)

$2,869.00

$500.00

miNY Silver

QI

COMEX/Globex (COMEXG)

$10,800.00

$3,240.00

miNY Gold

QO

COMEX/Globex (COMEXG)

$3,038.00

$500.00

Silver

SI

COMEX/Globex (COMEXG)

$21,600.00

$6,480.00

Metals

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

DayTrade Margin

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Financials
Name

Symbol

Exchange

Initial Margin

DayTrade Margin

Euro Bund 10-Year

FGBL

Eurex

$1,400.00

$500.00

Ultra T-Bond

UB

CBOT/Globex

$4,050.00

$1,000.00

US 30-Year Treasury Bond

ZB

CBOT/Globex

$4,185.00

$500.00

US 5-Year Treasury Note

ZF

CBOT/Globex

$1,215.00

$500.00

US 10-Year Treasury Note

ZN

CBOT/Globex

$1,755.00

$500.00

Name

Symbol

Exchange

Initial Margin

Mini-Sized Corn

XC

CBOT/Globex

$472.00

$142.00

Mini-Sized Soybeans

XK

CBOT/Globex

$742.00

$223.00

Mini-Sized Wheat

XW

CBOT/Globex

$810.00

$243.00

Corn

ZC

CBOT/Globex

$2,362.00

$709.00

Soybean Oil

ZL

CBOT/Globex

$1,688.00

$506.00

Soybean Meal

ZM

CBOT/Globex

$2,025.00

$608.00

Soybeans

ZS

CBOT/Globex

$3,712.00

$1,114.00

Wheat

ZW

CBOT/Globex

$4,050.00

$1,215.00

Grains

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

DayTrade Margin

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Softs
Name

Symbol

Exchange

Initial Margin

DayTrade Margin

Cocoa

CC

ICE Futures U.S.

$1,750.00

$525.00

Cotton

CT

ICE Futures U.S.

$8,400.00

$2,520.00

Coffee

KC

ICE Futures U.S.

$4,970.00

$2,268.00

Lumber

LBS

CME/Globex

$2,250.00

$675.00

Orange Juice

OJ

ICE Futures U.S.

$5,040.00

$504.00

Sugar #11

SB

ICE Futures U.S.

$2,940.00

$882.00

Name

Symbol

Exchange

Initial Margin

Feeder Cattle

GF

CME/Globex

$2,025.00

$608.00

Pork Bellies

GPB

CME/Globex

$2,025.00

$608.00

Lean Hogs

HE

CME/Globex

$1,688.00

$506.00

Live Cattle

LE

CME/Globex

$1,620.00

$486.00

Meats

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

DayTrade Margin

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Contract Specifications:
Stock Index
Name

Symbol

E-mini S&P 500 Index

Exchange

Contract Size

Months

Tick / $ Value

CME/Globex

$50 x Index
Value

H,M,U,Z

0.25 / $12.50

Eurex

25 x Index
Value

H,M,U,Z

0.5 / 12.50

CME/Globex

$20 x Index
Value

H,M,U,Z

0.25 / $5.00

CME/Globex

$250 x Index
Value

H,M,U,Z

0.10 / $25.00

ICE Futures U.S.

$100 x Index
Value

H,M,U,Z

0.1 / $10.00

CBOT/Globex

$5 x Index
Value

H,M,U,Z

1 / $5.00

ES
DAX Index

FDAX
E-mini NASDAQ 100 Index

NQ
S&P 500 Index

SP
Russell 2000 Index Mini ($100)

TF
Dow Jones $5 Mini

YM

Currencies
Name

Symbol

Exchange

Contract Size

Months

Tick / $ Value

Australian Dollar

6A

CME/Globex

100K AUD

H,M,U,Z

0.0001 / $10.00

British Pound

6B

CME/Globex

62.5K

H,M,U,Z

0.0001 / $6.25

Canadian Dollar

6C

CME/Globex

100K $

H,M,U,Z

0.0001 / $10.00

EuroFX

6E

CME/Globex

125K

H,M,U,Z

0.0001 / $12.50

Japanese Yen

6J

CME/Globex

12.5 mil

H,M,U,Z

0.00001 / $12.50

Swiss Franc

6S

CME/Globex

125K CHF

H,M,U,Z

0.0001 / $12.50

ICE Futures U.S.

$1000 X Index
Value

H,M,U,Z

0.005 / $5.00
0.01 / $6.25

Dollar Index

DX
E-mini EuroFX

E7

CME/Globex

62.5K

H,M,U,Z

E-mini Japanese Yen

J7

CME/Globex

6.25 mil

H,M,U,Z

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

0.01

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/ $6.25

E-micro AUD/USD

M6A

CME/Globex

10K AUD

H,M,U,Z

0.0001 / $1.00 AUD

E-micro GBP/USD

M6B

CME/Globex

6,250

H,M,U,Z

0.0001 / $0.625

E-micro USD/CAD

M6C

CME/Globex

10,000 CAD

H,M,U,Z

0.0001/1.00 CAD

E-micro EUR/USD

M6E

CME/Globex

12,500

H,M,U,Z

0.0001 / $1.25

E-micro USD/JPY

M6J

CME/Globex

10,000

H,M,U,Z

.01/100

E-micro USD/CHF

M6S

CME/Globex

10,000 CHF

H,M,U,Z

.0001/1.00 CHF

Name

Symbol

Exchange

Contract Size

Months

Tick / $ Value

Brent Crude Oil

BRN

ICE Europe

42K gal

All

0.01 / $10.00

Crude Oil

CL

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

42K gal

All

0.01 / $10.00

Gas Oil

GAS

ICE Europe

42K gal

H,M,U,Z

0.0001 / $4.20

Heating Oil

HO

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

42K gal

All

0.0001 / $4.20

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

10,000 mmBtu

All

0.001 / $10.00

Energies

Natural Gas

NG
E-mini Natural Gas

QG

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

2,500 mmBtu

All

0.005 / $12.50

E-mini Heating Oil

QH

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

21K gal

ALL

0.0001 / $2.10

E-mini Crude Light

QM

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

21K gal

All

0.025 / $12.50

E-mini Unleaded Gasoline

QU

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

21K gal

All

0.001 / $21.00

NY Harbor RBOB Gasoline

RT

NYMEX/Globex (NYMEXG)

42K gal

All

0.0001 / $4.20

WTI Light Sweet Crude Oil

WBS

ICE Europe

42K gal

All

0.01 / $10.00

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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Metals
Name

Symbol

Exchange

Contract Size

Months

Tick / $ Value

Gold

GC

COMEX/Globex (COMEXG)

100 oz

G,J,M,Q,V,Z

0.1 / $10.00

miNY Copper

QC

COMEX/Globex (COMEXG)

12,500 lbs

All

0.002 / $25.00

miNY Silver

QI

COMEX/Globex (COMEXG)

2,500 oz

F,G,H,K,N,U,Z

0.0125 / $31.25

miNY Gold

QO

COMEX/Globex (COMEXG)

50 oz

F,G,J,M,Q,V,Z

0.25 / $12.50

Silver

SI

COMEX/Globex (COMEXG)

5,000 oz

F,H,K,N,U,Z

0.005 / $25.00

Name

Symbol

Exchange

Contract Size

Months

Tick / $ Value

Euro Bund 10-Year

FGBL

Eurex

100K

H,M,U,Z

0.01 / 10.0

Ultra T-Bond

UB

CBOT/Globex

$100K bond

H,M,U,Z

1/32 / $31.25

Financials

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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Grains
Name

Symbol

Exchange

Contract Size

Months

Tick / $ Value

Mini-Sized Corn

XC

CBOT/Globex

1,000 bu

H,K,N,U,Z

1/8 / $1.25

Mini-Sized Soybeans

XK

CBOT/Globex

1,000 bu

H,K,N,U,Z

1/8 / $1.25

Mini-Sized Wheat

XW

CBOT/Globex

1,000 bu

H,K,N,U,Z

1/8 / $1.25

Corn

ZC

CBOT/Globex

5,000 bu

H,K,N,U,Z

1/4 / $12.50

Soybean Oil

ZL

CBOT/Globex

60K lbs

F,H,K,N,Q,U,V,Z

1/100 / $6.00

Soybean Meal

ZM

CBOT/Globex

100 tons

F,H,K,N,Q,U,V,Z

0.10 / $10.00

Oats

ZO

CBOT/Globex

5,000 bu

H,K,N,U,Z

1/4 / $12.50

Rough Rice

ZR

CBOT/Globex

2,000 cwt

F,H,K,N,U,X

0.005 / $10.00

Soybeans

ZS

CBOT/Globex

5,000 bu

F,H,K,N,Q,U,X

1/4 / $12.50

Wheat

ZW

CBOT/Globex

5,000 bu

H,K,N,U,Z

1/4 / $12.50

Name

Symbol

Exchange

Contract Size

Months

Tick / $ Value

Cocoa

CC

ICE Futures U.S.

10 tons

H,K,N,U,Z

1 / $10.00

Cotton

CT

ICE Futures U.S.

50k lbs

H,K,N,V,Z

0.0001 / $5.00

Milk Class III

DA

CME/Globex

200K lbs

All

0.01 / $20.00

Coffee

KC

ICE Futures U.S.

37.5k lbs

H,K,N,U,Z

0.0005 / $18.75

CME/Globex

110K board
feet

F,H,K,N,U,X

0.10 / $11.00

Softs

Lumber

LBS
Orange Juice

OJ

ICE Futures U.S.

15k lbs

H,K,N,U,X

0.0005 / $7.50

Sugar #11

SB

ICE Futures U.S.

112k lbs

H,K,N,V

0.0001 / $11.20

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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Meats
Name

Symbol

Exchange

Contract Size

Months

Tick / $ Value

Feeder Cattle

GF

CME/Globex

50K lbs

F,H,J,Q,U,V,X

0.00025 / $12.50

Pork Bellies

GPB

CME/Globex

40K lbs

G,H,K,N,Q

0.00025 / $10.00

CME/Globex

40K lbs

G,J,K,M,N,Q,V,Z

0.00025 / $10.00

CME/Globex

40K lbs

G,J,M,Q,V,Z

0.00025 / $10.00

Lean Hogs

HE
Live Cattle

LE

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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OCO ~ Futures Trading Execution Orders


'One-Cancels-the-Other Order - OCO'
A pair of orders stipulating that if one order is executed, then
the other order is automatically canceled. A one-cancels-theother order (OCO) combines a stop order with a limit order on
an automated trading platform. When either the stop or limit
level is reached and the order executed, the other order will be
automatically canceled. Seasoned traders use OCO orders to
mitigate risk. TradeStation uses the MATRIX and Ninja Trader
uses the DOME.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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For example, assume you just bought 10 contracts of NQ (Emini NASDAQ) futures for a momentum break out trade at
$2555 per contract. You expect it to break out to the up-side
quickly and your profit target is 6 ticks or $30 per contract but
for risk mitigation, you would like to lose no more than 6 ticks
or $30 per contract. To do this use an OCO order, which would
consist of a stop-loss order to sell 10 contract at $2525 (6tick
stop-loss) and a simultaneous limit order to sell 10 contracts at
$2585 (6 tick profit take), whichever occurs first. These orders
could either be day orders or good-till-canceled orders.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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Now if you are ready to learn how to trade futures please


come join me and our members in my virtual trading
room at Power Cycle Trading

All the best,


Larry Gaines

http://powercycletrading.com

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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This publication is sold with the understanding that neither the publisher nor author is engaged in rendering
legal, accounting, investment or other professional services. Trading and investing involves substantial risk.
Financial loss, even above the amount invested, is possible and common. Seek the services of a competent
professional person before investing or trading with money.
By accepting this trading course you agree that use of the information of this course is entirely at your own
risk. Neither the author nor the publisher is a registered investment advisor or a broker dealer. You
understand and acknowledge that there is a very high degree of risk involved in trading options, futures and
securities. Past results of any individual trader are not indicative of future returns by that trader, and are not
indicative of future returns which may be realized by you. Neither the author nor publisher assumes
responsibility or liability for your trading and investment results. This course is provided for informational
and educational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice. The author and/or
publisher may hold positions in the stocks, futures or industries discussed here. You should not rely solely
on this information in making any investment. The information in this course should only be used as a
starting point for doing additional independent research in order to allow you to form your own opinion
regarding investments and trading strategies.
It should not be assumed that the information in this manual will result in you being a profitable trader or that
it will not result in losses. Past results are not necessarily indicative of future results. You should never
trade with money you cannot afford to lose.
The information in this product is for educational purposes only and in no way a solicitation of any order to
buy or sell. The author and publisher assume no responsibility for your trading results. There is an
extremely high risk in trading.
This course is sold AS IS, without any implied or express warranty as to its performance or to the results
that may be obtained by using the information.
Factual statements in this course are made as of the date the course was created and are subject to change
without notice.
HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN INHERENT
LIMITATIONS. UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOT
REPRESENT ACTUAL TRADING. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES HAVE NOT ACTUALLY BEEN
EXECUTED, THE RESULTS MAY HAVE UNDER- OR OVER-COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT, IF
ANY, OF CERTAIN MARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING
PROGRAMS IN GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED WITH THE
BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS
LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFITS OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.

Copyright 2012 - Larry Gaines

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