Instructional Strategies

Instructional Strategies allow for students to understand content in a

variety of ways, appealing to many different types of learners.
Learning and teaching should not stand on opposite banks and just
watch the river flow by; instead, they should embark together on a
journey down the water. Through an active, reciprocal exchange,
teaching can strengthen learning how to learn (Edwards, 1993).

I will use research-based instructional strategies that

are proven to be effective, so that I am delivering the
best instruction possible to my students.
I will implement instructional strategies based on my
students specific needs and learning styles.
I will always keep in mind the content being delivered
while using instructional strategies. I will not cause the
strategies to deter from what my students are learning.
I will keep the end goal in mind when using instructional
strategies.
Examples of Instructional Strategies listed below by category:
Identifying Similarities & Differences
Venn Diagram (Duigan , n.d.)
Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizer (Moore, D.W. &
Readence, J.E. 1984)
Word Sorts (Bear, 2000)
Summarizing & Note Taking
Quick Writes (Readance, 2001)
Frayer Diagram (Thompson, 2004)
3-2-1 (Alsamadani, 2011)
Nonlinguistic Representations
Action Thermometer (Kagan & Kagan, 1998)
Hamburger Strategy (Mangoine, n.d.)

Generating Mental Pictures (Marzano, Pickering, & Pollock, 2001)

Cues, Questions, and Advance Organizers

Think Alouds (Lewis & Rieman, 1994)
Picture Walk (Clay, 1991)
KWL (Ogle, 1986)
Elkonin Boxes (Griffith & Olson, 1992)
Cooperative Learning
Think-Pair-Share (McTighe & Lyman, 1998)
Carousel Writing (Graffam, n.d.)
Generating & Testing Hypotheses
Directed Reading Thinking Activity (Stauffer, 1969)
First Lines (Beers, 2003)
Alsamadani, H. A. (2011, September). The effects of the 3-2-1 reading
strategy of EFL
reading comprehension. English Language Teaching, 4(3) 184191.
Bear, D.R., Invernizzi, M., Templeton, S., & Johnson, F. (2000). Words
their way: Word
study for phonics, vocabulary, and spelling. Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
Beers, K. (2003). When kids cant read-what teachers can do: A guide
for teachers 6-12.
Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Clay, M.M. (1991). Introducing a new storybook to young readers. The
Reading Teacher,
45, 264-273.
Duigan, Brian. (n.d.) John Venn. In Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/625445/John-Venn.
Edwards, C. (1993). The hundred languages of children. ch. 3.
Westport: LN
Graffam, B. (n.d.). A Carousel Activity: Engaging the Learner on
Multiple Levels of
Learning. Education Consortium. LLC. Retrieved from
file://Users/Renee/Downlards/Carousel_Activity_Protocol.pdf
Griffith, P.L. & Olson, M.W. (1992). Phonemic awareness helps
beginning readers break
the code. The reading teacher, 45(7),
516-523.
Kagan, S. and Kagan M. (1998). Multiple intelligences: The complete MI
book. San

Cemente, CA: Kagan. Retrieved from:

http://www.pblearning.com/uploads/5/7/9/6/4796041/kagan_strats.pdf
Lewis, C. & Rieman, J. (1994). The thinking aloud method. In Chapter 5:
testing the
design with users. Retrieved from http://hcibib.org/tcuid/chap5.html
Mangoine, T. (n.d.) Triple-decker paragraphs [Powerpoint document].
Retrieved from
www.hardingcharterprep.org/
Marzano, R.J., Pickering, D.J., & Pollock, J.E. (2001). Classroom
instruction that works:
research-based strategies for increasing student achievement.
Alexandria, VA:
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 81.
McTighe, J. & Lyman, F.T. (1988). Cueing thinking in the classroom: The
promise of theory-embedded tools. Educational Leadership, 19.
http://jaymctighe.com/wordpress/wpcontent/uploads/2011/04/Cueing- Thinking-in-the-Classroom.pdf
Moore, D.W. & Readence, J.E. (1984). A quantitative and qualitative
review of graphic
organizer research. Journal of Educational Research, 78(1), 1117.
Ogle, D.S. (1986). K-W-L group instructional strategy. In A.S. Palincsar,
D.S. Ogle, B.F.
Jones, & E.G. Carr (Eds.), Teaching reading as thinking
(Teleconference Resource
Guide, pp. 11-17). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision
and Curriculum
Development
Readance, J.E., Moore, D.W. & Rickelman, R. J. (2001) Prereading
Activities for Content
Area Readingand Learning.
Stauffer, R.G. (1969). Directing reading maturity as a cognitive
process. New York:
Harper & Row.
Thompson, M. & J. (2004). Teacher materials. Learning-Focused
Strategies Notebook.
Retrieved from http://www.bath.k12.ky.us/docs.Graphic
%20Organizers.pdf