APA Reference

Mieszkowski, K. (2014, July 23). Why the California drought

affects everyone. Retrieved November 18, 2015, from
https://www.revealnews.org/article/why-the-californiadrought-affects-everyone/
Summary

Important
Information

The article explains the possible reasons or causes of the

drought. It also brings huge attention to the agriculture part
of the drought. The article also states several of the problems
that the drought in California has caused. Some of the
examples that it explains is that of wildfires, fish evacuations,
amounts of money spent to try to help the state, etc.
Farmers may lose $810 million this year from keeping their
fields idle
Theyll also spend an extra $453 million on pumping water
out of the ground.
About 428,000 acres, or 5 percent of the irrigated cropland in
the Central Valley, Central Coast and Southern California,
wont be planted this year

APA Reference
Wallander, S., & Jekanowski, M. (2015, August 20). USDA ERS
- California Drought: Farm and Food Impacts. Retrieved
November 18, 2015, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/inthe-news/california-drought-farm-and-food-impacts.aspx
Summary

Important
Information

APA Reference

This article provides information on how the drought will

impact the agriculture in California. One way that the drought
will impact the agriculture is that the prices of the produce
will increase due to scarcity of the products. The article
provides numbers that state the percentage of increase of
prices or the amount of production of fruits, vegetables, citrus
fruits, and milk.
Because California is a major producer in the fruit,
vegetable, tree nut, and dairy sectors, the drought has
potential implications for U.S. supplies and prices of affected
products this year and beyond.
potential implications of the drought for California farms,
crop and livestock production, and consumer food prices.
The impacts on supplies of different crop and livestock
commodities, affecting both farmers and consumers, are
influenced by the scale and importance of Californias
production

Effects of drought on farm production and

Summary

Important
Information

APA Reference

livestock holdings. (n.d.). Retrieved

November 19, 2015, from
http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ILRI/x5446E/x54
46e02.htm
In this article, the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations discusses
the effects of the drought affecting the crops
and how that is creating an effect on the
economy. It provides with statics as evidence
on to support the dramatic effects that the
drought is also creating an impact in families
and animals by resulting in deaths from
starvation.
Where crops have been badly affected by
drought, pasture production is also likely to
be reduced although output from natural
pastures tends to be less vulnerable to
drought than crop production. Low rainfall
causes poor pasture growth and may also
lead to a decline in fodder supplies from crop
residues. Insufficient levels of fodder around
the village lead to weight less and increased
deaths among stock, especially where
immigrant herds put further pressure on
limited local pastures.
Wallander, S. (2015, April 16). USDA ERS California Drought: Farm and Food Impacts:
California Drought: Farms. Retrieved
November 19, 2015, from
http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/in-thenews/california-drought-farm-and-foodimpacts/california-drought-farms.aspx

Summary

In this article, the USDA ERS discusses the

California specifically affecting the farmers
and the farm workers. Their argument is
supported by statistics and charts to inform
the readers about the true severity of the
drought and the water consumption being
used by many farmers for the crops. The
article states the three sources of water that
the farmers rely on to water the crops.
California agriculture relies heavily on irrigation,
and much of the irrigation water is supplied by
large-scale State and Federal water projects that
store and transport water across hundreds of
miles.
Many other factors, such as surface water
availability, groundwater availability, irrigation
technology choice, crop insurance enrollment,
livestock feed availability, and water rights,
influence the vulnerability of farms to ongoing
drought.
For irrigation in California, farms may rely on
either on-farm surface water, off-farm surface
water, groundwater, or some combination of these
sources.

APA Reference
Heather, C., Kristina, D., Rapichan, P., and Madhyama, S., (2015, August
26) Retrieved November 18, 2015, from
http://pacinst.org/publication/impacts-of-californias-ongoingdrought-agriculture/

Summary

Impacts of Californias on going Drought: Agriculture, is a

study. This study analyses the impact on the drought in California and what
it does to the agricultural employment. It analyses acreage, revenue, and
employment figures from 2000-2014. The results of the study provide ways
on what we can do to maintain a healthy agriculture sector, now and in the
future. California still remains the largest agricultural producer in the US;
but since the drought employment and crop production have decreased.

Farmers have sold their water to other farmers that grow more profitable
crops. Ultimately, California agriculture is changing and this study shows
that Californias economy or job opportunities have not been affected
significantly by the drought but our environment has and it will continue to
be affected if we dont take the right precautions.
Important
Information

During the drought, Californias agriculture sector has

experienced record-high crop revenue and employment. Last
year farmers harvested 640,000 fewer acres, which was 9
percent below pre-drought levels, yet crop revenue remained
strong.
All economic estimates have been corrected for inflation.
Statewide agriculture-related jobs also reached a record-high
of 417,000 people in 2014, highlighting the sectors ability to
withstand the reduction of available water.
Crop revenue peaked in 2013 at $34 billion the highest
level in California history. In 2014, crop revenue declined by
$480 million, representing a 1.4 percent reduction from 2013
levels.
The study highlights that crop production was buffered
through extensive and unsustainable overdraft of
groundwater.
Although detailed county-level acreage and revenue data are
not yet available, the drought is likely having its largest impact
on local economies in areas with extensive fallowing.
Fallowing has reduced farm jobs in those areas, and while
some may have found work elsewhere, others have not.
Farms also have adopted more efficient water management
technologies and practices, such as drip irrigation, and
switching from lower to higher-value crops helping boost
revenue within the limits of available water.

APA Reference
Richard, H., UC Davis Agricultural and Resource Economics, Jay, L., UC
Davis Center for Watershed Sciences, Josue, M-A., UC Davis Center for
Watershed Sciences, and Kat, K., UC Davis News Service. (18, August
2015) Retrieved November 18, 2015, from
http://news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=11281

Summary

Important
Information

In Drought costs California agriculture $1.84B and 10,100 jobs in

2015s article we read how California is the worlds richest foodproducing region, and how its industry still remains robust. California
still relies heavily on ground water. Which causes severe overdraft
because of the drilling of wells. We also learn how some small rural
communities continue to suffer from high unemployment or drying up
from domestic wells because of the drought. The article implies that if
the drought keeps going at the speed that it is going there will be
unemployment everywhere not only in small areas but all over
California.

The direct costs of drought to agriculture will be $1.84 billion

for 2015. The total impact to all economic sectors is an
estimated $2.74 billion, compared with $2.2 billion in 2014.
The states farmers and ranchers currently receive more than
$46 billion annually in gross revenues, a small fraction of
Californias $1.9 trillion-a-year economy.

The loss of about 10,100 seasonal jobs directly related to

farm production, compared with the researchers 2014 drought
estimate of 7,500 jobs. When considering the spillover effects
of the farm losses on all other economic sectors, the
employment impact of the 2015 drought more than doubles to
21,000 lost jobs.

Surface water shortages will reach nearly 8.7 million acrefeet, which will be offset mostly by increased groundwater
pumping of 6 million acre-feet.

Net water shortages of 2.7 million acre-feet will cause

roughly 542,000 acres to be idled -- 114,000 more acres than
the researchers 2014 drought estimate. Most idled land is in
the Tulare Basin.

The effects of continued drought through 2017 (assuming

continued 2014 water supplies) will likely be 6 percent worse
than in 2015, with the net water shortage increasing to 2.9
million acre-feet a year. Gradual decline in groundwater
pumping capacity and water elevations will add to the
incremental costs of a prolonged drought.

APA Reference

Summary

Drought: Monitoring Economic, Environmental, and Social

Impacts. Retrieved November 18, 2015, from
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov
This article points out that droughts have many impacts not
only on the environment, but also on the economy and
society. A drought can cause a loss of about $9 billion per
year which will cause risks for a country. Additionally, a
drought can cause reduced incomes, higher incidents of heat
stroke and even the death of humans.

Important
Information

In fact, droughts rank second in types of phenomena associated with

billion dollar weather disasters during the past three decades.
Plants and animals depend on water, just as people do.
As plants and trees wither and die from a lack of precipitation,
increased insect infestations, and diseasesall of which are associated
with droughtthey become fuel for wildfires.

APA Reference

NPR Staff. (2014, April 21). Californias Drought Ripples

Through Businesses, Then to Schools. Retrieved November
18, 2015, from npr.org
In this article it can be clearly seen that the drought has
made California State suffer because of the need of water.
Most of the Fruits, nuts and vegetables are produced in
California and with the drought, it is getting harder to grow
these crops. Furthermore, the loss of jobs in agriculture will
make families move to look for jobs so children will be taken
out of schools and as a result teachers could lose their jobs
as well.

Summary

Important
Information

According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, the entire state is considered

abnormally dry, and two-thirds of California is in extreme to
exceptional drought conditions.
Economists say its too early to accurately predict the droughts
effect on jobs, but its likely as many as 20,000 will be lost.
Most hiring happens during harvest season, closer to summer, so
people here say the worst is yet to come.