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the first year, and differences in social, communication, and fine motor skills were evident from
6 months of age (CDC, 2015).
Cause. For many years the cause of autism was unknown, but advanced research has
provided possible causes. Most scientists agree genes are one factor making a person more likely
to develop ASD. Children with Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, or other
genetic and chromosomal are more at risk for developing ASD (CDC, 2015). Having a sibling
with ASD also puts one at higher risk. Children conceived by older parents, maternal illness
during pregnancy and difficulties with oxygen deprivation to the babys brain at birth are also
factors (Autism Speaks, 2015).
Social Issues
Social issues are one of the most common symptoms in all of the types of ASD. People
with an ASD do not have just social "difficulties" like shyness. The social issues they have cause
serious problems in everyday life. Some examples of social issues in ASD are avoiding eye
contact, preferring to play alone, flat or inappropriate facial expressions, does not understand
personal space, has trouble understanding other peoples feelings or talking about their own
feelings.
Lifestyle Issues
Because autism primarily affects an individuals social and verbal communication skills,
it can result in a wide range of secondary conditions. These can include social impairment,
speech and language difficulties, attention disorders, gross and fine motor skill impairments,
deficits in sensory processing, anxiety and depression, and epilepsy (Swann-Guerrero & Mackey,
2007). Foose and Ardovino (2007) stated, 25% to 33% of people with autism have epileptic
seizures (p.137).
Treatment/Rehabilitation
There are no medications that can cure ASD or treat the core symptoms. However, there are
medications that can help some people with ASD function better. For example, medication might
help manage high energy levels, inability to focus, depression, or seizures. Research shows that
early intervention treatment services can greatly improve a childs development. Early
intervention services help children from birth to 3 years old learn important skills. Treatment
services include therapy to help the child talk, walk, and interact with others. There are many
different types of treatments available including, Behavior and Communication Approaches,
Dietary Approaches, Medication, Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Because no child with autism has the exact same limitations and strengths as another, as a
Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist (CTRS), it is essential to assess the client. However,
it is safe to say that most people with autism have significant social impairment. Children can
often suffer in school because of this. This is where recreational therapy services would be of
useful. A CTRS would benefit from including a child with autism with those who do not have
disabilities so as to provide a model of appropriate behavior.
References