30

2014

3
2

Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Vol.30 No.3
Feb. 2014

43

1 1 2 3
1. 510225

2.

510642

3. 510642

75 4575
455055606265 70
60
91%

doi10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.03.006
S233.74; S606.9
A
1002-6819(2014)-03-0043-07
. [J]. 201430(3)4349.
Ma Zhiyu, Wei Hongyu, Mu Yinghui, et al. Determination of insertion angle of hole-insertion grafting method by
grafting machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2014,
30(3): 4349. (in Chinese with English abstract)

[1-4]

[2,5-8]
[9-12]

[13-17]

2013-06-27

2013-12-23

-
2013

[18-19]

[20-22]

1974

510225
Email: mazhiyu2002@hotmail.com
1963

1.1

510642Email: sug666@sina.com

44

35

5055 12 h
28
0.51 cm 72

24 8:00
18:00 10 h

1
2 2
1

Fig.1

1.2

11a1b 1

2.12.8 mm 2.8
3.8 mm 1c
1.469 mm 1.73 mm
1d
2.008 mm 1.4 mm 1
7383 mm
2631 mm

2651 mm
0.20.3 mm

1
Cross section microscope images of grafting seedlings

Table 1

Axis
Days/ Height/mm
height/mm
d

2014

1
Structure parameters of grafting seedlings

Cotyledon/mm

Span

Width

Hypocotyl
diameter/mm

Structure of hypocotyl cavity

Hypocotyl
cavity

diameter/
Fetus long Fetus Short
mm
axis
axis

Cucurbita 20 89.051.31 73.431.18 83.471.27 26.340.53 3.760.04 2.820.03 0.800.17

ficifolia B.
Root
stock
20 78.981.08 68.111.02 72.941.56 30.750.53 2.80.043 2.120.03 0.420.01
Cucubita
moschata

14 72.410.94 62.160.94 51.611.22 15.060.33 1.730.02 1.470.02

Cucumber
Scion

14 81.401.4 81.401.45 26.220.79 9.700.24 2.010.04 1.400.02

Watermelon

Note: means standard deviation; The origin of coordinates is the peak of pumpkin hypocotyl cavity.

1
Growth point
1/pixel

2
Growth point
2/pixel

Y2
X2
Angle/()

Y1

X1

24.63

-96.41

-21.24

-103.30

75.32

17.16

-89.24

-18.50

-85.48

78.46

In-sight Explorer4.1.0

45

1
2 3(4)
5 2

StatView5.0
1

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1. Right growth point 2. Left growth point 3. Peak of hypocotyl cavity
4. Hypocotyl cavity diameter 5. Hypocotyl diameter

Fig.2

2
Growing point cross section of rootstock

1
3.76 0.801 mm
2.8 mm 0.4 mm
3
2
1 2 2
3

3
4

,
0.2 cm ,

0.3 cm

12

3
Fig.3 Internal structure of rootstock growing point

Fig.4

4
Hole-insertion grafting method

[23]
3

46

75.317 78.455

75

2014

2.2

4045[17,20,24] 1

7 4550556062
6570 1

100

2.1

75

PLC

5
Fig.5 Hole-insertion grafting machine

Fig.6

6
Morphological structure of grafted plants

6a
6b 6C
In-sight Explorer4.1.0

, StatView5.0
2
2.3
2
4.583 mm 1.216 mm

2.25 mm
15.291 6.58.184 mm

3.215.341 mm

Table 2

Angle/
()

Hypocotyl
diameter
/mm

Stock seedling

Hypocotyl
cavity diameter
/mm

47

1.7

2
Operation test data of hole-insertion grafting mechanism

Scion

Hole length
/mm

Hypocotyl
diameter
/mm

Cutting angle
/mm

Cutting length
/mm

Success rate of
Distance from
Operation grafting/%
cavity point to
stability/%
hole/mm

45

3.210.16

8.180.43

0.930.04

85

100

50

3.850.17

6.350.20

0.690.05

80

100

6.830.17

0.450.047

80

100

7.300.13

0.520.05

100

100

55
60

4.580.07

1.220.04

4.100.15
3.920.18

2.250.06

15.290.77

65

4.230.19

7.070.15

0.41 0.06

90

76

70

5.340.12

6.500.21

0.09 0.02

100

10

1[25-29]

2
2
45
0.93 mm
70
0.09 mm

60

60
90%
60 90%

3
3.1

1 2
1

60
2

7a

100

a.
a. Successful grafting seedling

Fig.7

b.
b. Healing survival seedling

7
Grafting cucumber onto resistant rootstock

[25,30-36] 3
(271)(201)
95%3 d
(241)
80% 4
2 h 2 h1
8 h
7b

3.2
60
91%

48

60

75
2
60

100%
100%
3
60
91%

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Determination of insertion angle of hole-insertion grafting method by

grafting machine
Ma Zhiyu1, Wei Hongyu1, Mu Yinghui2, Gu song3

(1. Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Faculty of Mechanica and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou 510225,
China; 2. South China Agricultural University,College of Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China;
3. Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou
510642,China)

Abstract: Hole-insertion grafting method is widely used for cucurbit crops. The method establishes a very strong
graft union without grafting clips. The key of successful grafting is to make hole at an optimal angle in the
removed bud region so that the edge where the tool comes out through hypocotyls was below the opposite
cotyledon. So during the hole-insertion grafting, the insertion angle is an important factor for the quality and
survival of grafting plants, and mechanical stability. This study aimed to assess common rootstock and scion
grafting cultivation in pumpkin, cucumber and watermelon, and investigated the effect of the insertion angle on
the grafting mechanize. To achieve the objectives, structure parameters of rootstock and scion were measured,
internal structure of hypocotyl growing point was analyzed by image analysis technique. The model was
developed. The maximal insertion angle (75) was determined by the grafting requirement that the insertion
should avoid damaging cotyledon and entering hypocotyl cavity.
The results showed that the insertion angle of perforate stick was not more than 75 for avoiding the insertion into
the hypocotyls cavity. The aim of this study was to develop the semi-automatic grafting mechanism for grafted
seedling on the basis of the hole-insertion grafting method and the insertion angle, which the grafting mechanism
was adjustable in the range of 45-75. The experiment was carried out for researching the insertion angle of
pumpkin and cucumber seedling using the grafting mechanism. In this experiment, the insertion angles were
respectively set at 45, 50, 55, 60, 62, 65, 70. In this grafting processing, the rootstock seedling and scion
seedling were placed respectively in the rootstock clamping device and scion clamping device by operator, the
grafting mechanism automatically completed clamping, punching, cutting and inserting. This report investigated
shaping position and matching between the scion and the rootstock base on the structure for grafted seedlings by
using image analysis technique. In this grafting method, grafted cuttings will be rooted and inserted in a new tray
containing well watered medium, and healed at the same time inside a healing chamber. It is important to keep
grafting seedling in a high moisture environment during the formation of the grafting union and healing period. In
this experiment, grafted seedlings were placed in 95% humidity, temperature 26-28 during day and 19-21
during night, and complete darkness for initial 3 days. After 3 days of darkness, light was added. The experiment
results showed that the rate of scion inserted into the rootstock cavity was low with the insertion angle of 60, the
successful ratio of grafting mechanism was high, and grafting survival rate was 91%. This method was effective
in the view of punching, cutting and grafting process.
Key words: graft; agricultural machinery; experiment; vegetable; grafting machine; hole-insertion grafting;
insertion angle