Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IEC : 1994
Tiu chun
IEC
quc t
282-1
xut bn ln th t
1994
Cu ch cao p
Phn 1 :
Cu ch hn ch dng in
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Mc lc
Phn 1 : Tng qut
1- Phm vi p dng :..................................................................
2-
3- Cc c tnh in :............................................................
4/ Cc cu ch v cc phn cu thnh ca cu ch :..............
5/ Cc thut ng b sung :.......................................................
Phn 3 : Cc iu kin nh mc v tiu chun
6/ Cc c tnh nh mc :....................................................
7/ Cc iu kin tiu chun ca s dng v hot ng :........
Phn 4 : Cc th nghim mu
8/ Cc iu kin thc hin nhng th nghim ...............
9/ Lit k cc th nghim mu :................................................
10/ Quy tc ca cc th nghim chung cho mi th nghim mu.
11/ Cc th nghim in mi :................................................
12/ Cc th nghim tng nhit v o lng cng sut tiu
tn ..................................................................................................
13/ Cc th nthim ct :...........................................................
14- Cc th nghim kim tra c tnh thi gian- dng in .
15- Cc th nghim kn v du :.....................................
16- ................................................................ Cc
th nghim ht n :
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20 i tng.................................................................................
21 Tng qut...........................................................................
22 p dng...............................................................................
23 Vn hnh............................................................................
Cc hnh v
A.1 Gii thiu...........................................................................
A.2
V hnh bao.....................................................................
A.3
Xc nh cc tham s.....................................................
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cu ch cao p
Phn 1 : Cc cu ch hn ch dng in .
Li ni u :
1- IEC (Intematronal Electrotechnical Commission) - U ban k thut in
Quc t l mt t chc quc t v tiu chun ho, n bao gm tt c cc U ban k
thut in quc gia (cc U ban Quc gia ca IEC). Mc tiu ca IEC l thc y s
hp tc quc t v mi vn lin quan n tiu chun ho nm trong lnh vc
in v in t. t mc tiu ny v thm vo cc hot ng khc, IEC xut bn
cc tiu chun quc t. "Vic son tho cc tiu chun ny c giao ph cho cc u
ban k thut; bt k U ban Quc gia no ca IEC c quan tm n ch ang
c x l u c th tham gia vo cng vic son tho ny. Cc t chc quc t,
chnh ph v phi chnh ph c lin h vi IEC cng c th tham gia vo vic son
tho ny. IEC cng tc cht ch vi t chc quc t v tiu chun ho (ISO) ph hp vi
cc iu kin c xc nh bi s tho thun gia hai t chc .
2- Nhng quyt nh hoc tho thun chnh thc ca IEC v cc vn k
thut, c son tho bi cc u ban k thut trong c i din cc U ban Quc
gia c quan tm c bit n vn tham gia, biu th s nht tr quc t
cao v cc ch c xem xt .
3- Nhng quyt nh v tho thun c dng l cc khuyn ngh cho vic
s dng quc t v c cc U ban quc gia chp nhn theo ngha .
4- Nhm thc y s thng nht Quc t, IEC biu l s mong mun l tt c
cc u ban quc gia nn chp nhn vn bn khuyn ngh ca IEC lm quy tc quc
gia mnh khi iu kin quc gia cho php. Bt k s sai no khc gia tiu chun
ca IEC v tiu chun quc gia hoc min tng ng s phi c ch r trong tiu
chun quc gia hoc min .
Tiu chun quc t IEC 282-1 c son tho bi tiu ban 32A :
Cu ch cao p, ca U ban k thut 32 ca IEC : Cc cu ch .
Ln xut bn th t ny xo b v thay th xut bn ln th ba
c n hnh nm 1985 cng nh bn sa i s 1 (1988) v 2(1972),
v to thnh mt bn sa cha k thut v bin tp .
Ni dung ca tiu chun ny da trn ni dung ca ln xut bn
th ba, ca cc bn sa i 1 v 2 v trn cc ti liu sau :
D tho tiu chun
quc t (DIS)
32 A(CO)114
32 A (CO)115
32 A (CO)118
Bo co b phiu
32 A (CO)116
32 A (CO)117
32 A (CO)123
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: Cu ch hn ch dng in .
: Cu ch ct mch kiu y ra v tng t .
Phn 3
: Xc nh h s cng sut ngn mch i vi th
nghim cc cu
ch hn ch dng in v cc
cu ch ct mch kiu y ra v
tng t .
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Cc cu ch cao p
Phn 1 : Cc cu ch hn ch dng in
Phn on 1 : Tng qut
1- Phm vi p dng :
Tiu chun ny p dng cho tt c cc kiu cu ch cao p hn
ch dng in ginh cho vic s dng ngoi tri hoc trong nh
trong cc h thng dng xoay chiu c tn s 50HZ v 60HZ v c cc
in p nh mc ln hn 1000V .
Mt s cu ch c trang b cc dy chy km theo mt thit b
ch th hoc mt ht n . Nhng cu ch ny nm trong phm vi p
dng ca tiu chun ny, nhng s hot ng chnh xc ca ht n kt
hp vi c cu chy ra ca thit b ng ct nm ngoi phm vi p
dng ca tiu chun ny; xem IEC 420 .
1.1- Cc tiu chun dng tham kho :
Nhng ti liu tiu chun sau bao gm cc khon c tham kho
trong ti liu ny , chnh l ngun gc ca IEC ny. Trong thi gian in
n, nhng n phm c ch nh vn cn hiu lc . Tt c nhng
ti liu tiu chun u cn phi sa cha, v cc bn tham gia vo s
chp thun da trn phn ny ca IEC 282 u c khuyn khch
tm ti kh nng c th p dng nhng n phm gn y nht
ca nhng ti liu tiu chun c ch di. Cc thnh vin ca IEC v
ISO vn lu gi cc bn ghi cc tiu chun Quc t hin ang c hiu
lc .
IEC 50(151) : 1978, t ng k thut in Quc t (IEV) - chng
151 : Cc thit b in v t .
IEC 50(441) : 1984, T ng k thut in Quc t (IEV)- Chng
441 : Cc t bngng ct, iu khin v cc cu ch .
IEC 56 : 1987, Cc my ct dng in xoay chiu cao p .
IEC 60-1 : 1989, K thut th nghim cao p - Phn 1 : Cc nh
ngha v cc yu cu chung vth nghim .
IEC 85 : 1984, nh gi v xp loi nhit ca cch in .
IEC 265-1 : 1983, Cc dao ct cao p - phn 1 : Cc dao ct cao
p i vi cc in p nh mc ln hn 1 KV v nh hn 52KV
IEC 420 : 1990, Cc t hp dao ct - cu ch dng xoay chiu
cao p
IEC 549 : 1976, Cc cu ch cao p i vi bo v bn ngoi cc
t in cng sut ni shn .
IEC 644 : 1979, c im k thut v dy chy cao p c dng
cho nhng mch c ng c .
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H s hiu chnh
i vi cc in p
th nghim so
vi mc mt
bin
(2)
1,00
1,05
1,25
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H s hiu chnh
i vi
cc nh p
nh mc
(3)
1,00
0,95
0,80
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Bng 2 :
cao cc i
(m)
(fit)
(1)
1000
( 3.000)
1500
( 5.000)
3000
10.000)
H
s
hiu
chnh i
vi dng nh
mc
(2)
1,00
0,99
0,96
H s hiu chnh
i vi
gia tng nhit
(3)
1,00
0,98
0,92
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Phn on 2 : Cc nh ngha :
Nhng s tham kho trong ngoc l nhng s ca IEC 50(151) *
v 50(441) **
i vi cc mc tiu ca Tiu chun Quc t ny, nhng nh ngha
sau c p dng .
3- Cc c tnh in :
3.1- Gi tr nh mc : Gi tr ca mt i lng c n nh,
ni chung do mt nh ch to, i vi mt iu kin vn hnh quy
nh ca mt thnh phn, thit b hoc trang b. [151-04-03]
Ghi ch : V d v nhng gi tr nh mc thng c cng b i vi cc cu
ch : in p, dng in, dng in ct .
3.2- Cc c tnh nh mc : Tp hp cc gi tr nh mc
v cc iu kin vn hnh .[151-04-04] .
3.3- Dng in gi nh (ca mt mch v lin quan vi 1 cu
ch) Dng in s chy trong mch nu c ch c thay th bng
mt dy dn c tr khng khng ng k [441-17-01] .
Ghi ch - i vi phng php nh gi v biu th dng in
gi nh, xem 13.2.1 v 13.2.2 .
3.4- Gi tr nh ca dng in gi nh : Gi tr nh
ca dng in gi nh trong thi k qu tip theo s khi u
[441-17-02]
Ghi ch - nh ngha gi nh l dng in c hnh thnh bi mt thit
b ng ct l tng, ngha l vi s chuyn dch tc thi t tr khng v
cng v tr khng khng. i vi cc mch m dng c th chy theo
nhiu ng khc nhau, v d cc mch nhiu pha, ngoi ra cn gi nh l
dng in c hnh thnh ng thi trong tt c cc cc, ngay c nu ta
ch xem xt dng in ch trong mt cc .
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14
3.8- Khong thi gian tin h quang ; Khong thi gian chy :
l khong thi gian gia lc bt u ca mt dng in ln
to ra mt s ct trong cc phn t - dy chy v lc khi mt h
quang c khi pht [441-18-21] .
__________________________________________________________________
*
IEC 50(151) : T ng k thut in Quc t (IEV) - Chng 151: Cc thit b
in v t .
**
IEC 50(441) : T ng k thut in Quc t (IEV)- Chng 441 : Trang b
ng ct v iu khin
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khng c
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5/ Cc thut ng b sung :
5.1- Cu ch s dng chung : xem 7.1.1 .
5.2- Cu ch kt hp : xem 7.1.2
5.3- Dy chy-cu ch hn ch dng in : Mt dy chycu ch m, trong khi v bng tc ng ca n trong mt di dng
in quy nh, hn ch dng in ti mt gi tr r rng thp hn
gi tr nh ca dng in gi nh [441-18-10] .
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6.7.3- Cc gi tr ca TRV nh mc :
Cc gi tr tiu chun ca TRV nh mc c xc nh trong
phn on 6. Nhng gi tr ny p dng cho dng ct nh mc ca
mt cu ch .
7/ Cc iu kin tiu chun ca s dng v hot ng :
7.1- Cc loi :
Ba loi cu ch hn ch dng in c nh ngha theo di m
trong chng c th c s dng : Cu ch c kt hp, cu ch s
dng chung v cu ch ct ton di. Xem 22.4 .
7.1.1-
Cu ch s dng chung :
Cu ch c kt hp :
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ct .
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9/ Lit k cc th nghim mu :
Nhng th nghim mu thc hin trn s hon chnh ca
mt thit k hoc k theo mt s thay i nh hng n tnh nng
lm vic, l nhng th nghim sau :
tn;
- Cc th nghim in mi .
- Cc th nghim tng nhit v o lng cng sut tiu
- Cc th nghim ct ;
- Cc th nghim i vi cc c tnh thi gian-dng in;
- Cc th nghim kn vi du (ch i vi cc cu ch c
nh c dng trong du)
- Cc th nghim cc ht n .
Trc khi thc hin cc th nghim, tr nhng th nghim in
mi v kn v du, in tr ca mi dy chy cu ch phi c
o vi mt cng khng vt qu 10% ca dng in nh mc. Gi
tr ca in tr phi c ghi li cng vi nhit khng kh xung
quanh m ti nhit php o c tin hnh .
Nhng kt qa ca tt c cc th nghim mu phi c ghi li
trong cc bo co th nghim mu c nhng s liu cn thit
chng minh s ph hp vi tiu chun ny .
Cc cu ch nm trong phm vi p dng ca tiu chun ny
khng nhy cm vi cc nhiu lon in t v do cc th nghim
min cm l khng cn thit. Bt k nhiu lon in t no c th c sn ra bi mt cu ch b hn ch ti lc n tc ng. Min l cc
gi tr in p ng ct trong cc th nghim mu khng vt qu
nhng gi tr cho trong bng 9 ca tiu chun ny, cc th nghim
khc i vi tnh tng hp in t l khng cn thit .
10/ Quy tc ca cc th nghim chung cho mi th nghim
mu.
Nhng tiu mc sau phi l cc quy tc th nghim chung, nu
khng c iu quy nh no khc .
10.1- iu kin ca thit b c th nghim :
Thit b phi mi, sch, v trng thi tt .
10.2- Lp t cc cu ch :
Cu ch c th nghim phi c lp trn mt cu trc (khung)
kim loi ni t cng v tr lm vic bnh thng m n c thit
k. Nu khng c iu quy nh no khc, nhng u ni phi c
b tr sao cho khng lm gim khong cch cch in tiu chun .
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11/ Cc th nghim in mi :
11.1- Cc quy tc th nghim :
Cc quy tc th nghim in mi phi nh quy nh trong
mc 10 v nh sau :
Ghi ch - Nhng dy chy-cu ch khng th c th nghim nh cc thit b
ring l hoc trng thi nguyn vn hoc trng thi tc ng .
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11.1.1-
32
Lp t :
1. Gia tt c cc phn c in ca tt c cc cc c u ni
chung v nhng phn kim loi c th ni t .
2. Gia cc u cc ca mi pha v nhng phn kim loi c th
ni t vi tt c nhng phn c in ca cc pha khc c u
ni vi nhng phn kim loi c th ni t .
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kch c ca cc dy dn ng
trn
mm2
T
20 ti
30
T
40 ti
60
T 120 ti 160
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63
T 250 ti 350
Trn 63
------T 500 ti 600
200
T 800 ti 1000
Trn 200
------400
trn 400
------630
trn 630
------1000
Ghi ch :
1- Tit din tng ng tnh bng MCM (one thousand circular mils )
c th nhn c bng cch nhn nhng s trn trong ct th 2 vi 2
2- i vi cc dy chy cu ch song song, dng in nh mc cn
phi xem xt l dng in tng c quy nh bi nh ch to .
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13/ Cc th nthim ct :
13.1- Cc quy tc th nghim :
Cc quy tc th nghim ct phi c quy nh trong mc 10 v
nh sau :
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I 2 i1
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i1
I1
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Trong :
I2 l dng gi nh i vi phn s th nghim 2 ;
i1 l gi tr tc thi ca dng thi im chy trong phn s th nghim
1
I1 l dng gi nh trong phn s th nghim 1
b- Bng cch ly ba v bn ln dng in tng ng vi mt thi gian
tin h quang ca mt na chu k trn ng c tnh thi gian - dng
in (xem 14 v 18.9). Nu tn ti mt ng cong c tnh thi gian dng in i vi cc thi gian o nh hn mt na chu k, tt hn l
dng dng in tng ng trn c tnh thi gian - dng in ny vi
mt thi gian bng 0,08 na chu k bnh thng .
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in p
nh
Trong thi
gian
Tc tng
Ur
uc
t3
uc / t3
KV
KV
KV /s
3,6
7,2
12
17,5
24
36
6.6
13,2
22
32
44
66
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156
180
216
264
324
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260
208
240
288
352
432
0,055
0,084
0,122
0,148
0,167
0,203
0,041
0,063
0,091
0,111
0,125
0,152
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40,5
52
72,5
74
96
133
47
345 - 460
396 - 528
504 - 672
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0,214 - 0,160
0,242 - 0,181
0,265 - 0,199
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Bng 3B
Cc tham s c bn
in p nh
mc
in p
nh
Trong thi
gian
Tc tng
Ur
uc
t3
uc / t3
KV
KV
KV /s
2,75
5,50
8,25
15
15,5
25,8
38
48,3
72,5
5
10
15,4
27,5
28,4
47
69,5
89
133
111
138
162
196
201
273
333
381
504
148
184
216
264
268
364
444
508
672
0,045
0,072
0,095
0,138
0,141
0,172
0,208
0,233
0,265
0,033
0,054
0,071
0,104
0,106
0,129
0,156
0,175
0,199
f0
X
fN
Trong :
f0 l tn s t nhin ca mch in khng c tt dn b sung
fN l tn s cng nghip
X l in khng ca mch tn s cng nghip .
13.1.2.4- Th nghim It
V nguyn tc, nn thc hin ba th nghim i vi mi min
dng It .
Nhng tham s c s dng khi thc hin nhng th nghim,
tu thuc vo gi tr ca dng giao ct It l nh sau :
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13.2- Th tc th nghim
13.2.1- S kim nh mch th nghim .
Cu ch hoc dy chy-cu ch trong th nghim phi c
thay th bng mt dy ni c tr khng khng ng k so vi tr
khng ca mch th nghim nh ch trong cc hnh 3 v 4 .
Mch in phi c hiu chnh cho dng gi nh quy
nh. Dng ny phi c kim tra bng ghi dao ng k .
Ghi ch - i vi cc th nghim trc tip ca phn s th
nghim 3 vic kim nh mch th nghim c th khng cn
thit, nhng khi c lm, dng c th c o bng mt am-pe
k nh mt cch ca dao ng k .
13.2.2- Phng php th nghim :
Dy chy A c ly ra v c thay th bng cu ch hoc dy
chy cu ch B trong th nghim .
Ci lm ngn mch E c ng li lc sao cho to ra nhng
iu kin c quy nh trong bng 4 .
i vi phn s th nghim 1, 2 v 3 cc qu in p ng ct
phi c o. i vi phn s th nghim 1 v 2, cc dng ct gi hn
phi c xc nh. Trong phn s th nghim 3, dng c th c o
bng mt am-pe k nh mt cch hoc ph thm ca ghi dao ng k .
Sau khi cu ch tc ng, in p hi phc phi c duy tr
trn cu ch trong khong thi gian c quy nh trong bng 4.
Vi chu k u tin phi c ghi bng mt dao ng k v phn cn
li c th quan st c trn vn-k .
ghi ch - Trong khong thi gian ny,tn s cng nghip c th
thp hn gi tr ti thiu quy nh .
13.2.2.1- Cc phng php th nghim la chn i vi phn s
th nghim 3.
a) Cc phng php th nghim dng hai ngun cp
Cu ch th nghim c u ni trong mt mch th
nghim in p thp trong phn ln thi k th nghim v ri c
i ni vo mch th nghim in p cao i vi kt lun ca th
nghim . Hai phng php th c th c s dng .
a-1) Phng php th nghim sau c th c s dng mc du
thi gian ca tin h quang c kt hp vi dng th nghim I3
Nhng mch th nghim phi nh sau :
1- Bt k ngun in h p no c tn s 50HZ hoc 60HZ c
nng lng cho dng in mong mun qua mt cu ch trong
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Bng 4 :
Cc phn s th nghim
Cc tham s
1
in p hi phc tn s cng
nghip
(0,87 x in p nh mc
5
0
in
mc
5
0
c tnh TRV gi nh
Xem 13.1.2
H s cng sut
Dng in gi nh (gi tr
hiu dng ca thnh phn
xoay chiu
Dng in tc thi ti lc
khi u
h quang
Gc hnh thnh
i
vi
1
thnghim
T 40 ti 65
T 2 th nghim
:
T 65 ti 90
(ghi ch 3)
Khng nh hn
15s
3
3
nh
Khng
nh
0,4 ti 0,6
quy
I3 10 % (ghi ch 2)
Khng p dng
c
T 0,85 I2 ti
1,06 I2
khng p dng
c
T 0 ti 20 sau
z-r ca in
p
Khng p dung
c
i khi tnh gi
Khng p
dng
c
khng nh hn 60 s
3
Ghi ch :
1- Khi nh ch to ng , gii hn thp hn khng c p dng
2- Khi thit b ca trm th nghim khng cho php duy tr dng khng i, dung
sai v dng c th vt qu trong mt hng no trong mt thi gian khng vt qu
20% ca tng thi gian chy, min l dng in ti lc bt u h quang nm
trong dung sai c quy nh i vi phn s th nghim 3 .
3- V nhng iu kin tc ng c th sinh ra mt bin i ln cc ng sut trn
cu ch v v nhng th nghim ct v nguyn tc c dng to ra nhng
iu kin khc nghit nht, ch yu l v nng lng h quang v nhng ng sut
nhit v c i vi gi tr ny ca dng in, phi tha nhn rng nhng iu
kin ny thc t s nhn c t nht mt ln khi thc hin ba th nghim c
ch ra .
4- i vi cc cu ch trong vn hnh l thuc vo in p hi phc i vi mt
thi gian nh hn 1s. Khong thi gian duy tr in p sau khi tc ng s l 1s .
5- Gi tr ban u ca in p hi phc tn s cng nghip s bng gi tr quy
nh, nhng khi trang thit b ca trm th nghim khng cho php duy tr c
in p khng i, in p c duy tr c th ri vo 15% di gi tr c quy
nh .
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13.3.2- Cc yu cu th nghim :
Trong mt s-ri ng nht ca dy chy cu ch, cc th
nghim ct ch cn c thc hin ph hp vi bng 4A .
Nhng k hiu trong bng 4 c s dng vi cc ngha sau :
A
B
C
s
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Bng 4 A
Cc phn
nghim
Cc dy chy-cu ch th
(cc du gch cho ch nhng th nghim
th
thc hin)
C
1
2
(ghi ch 1)
X
(ghi ch 3)
3
(ghi ch 2)
X
(ghi ch 4)
X
(ghi ch 4)
Ghi ch :
1- Nhng dng th nghim I2 i vi cc dy chy cu ch A v C s c la chn
theo dng nh mc ca cc dy chy cu ch ln lt A v C .
2- Dy chy cu ch c dng nh mc thp nht s gm t nht hai phn t chy
c ch yu ring l ph thm vo nhng phn t, nu c, c dng tc ng
ht n .
3- Th nghim ny ch cn thit khi tit din ca cc phn t chy ring l nh hn
tit din i vi dy chy cu ch C.
4- Th nghim ny ch cn thit khi t s I 3/s ca dy chy-cu ch A v B nh
hn t s ca dy chy cu ch C. Trong trng hp ny, dy chy cu ch c t s
thp nht I3/s phi c la chn i vi phn s th nghim3 .
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1/ in p nh mc Uz khng c ln hn 2Ux
2/ Nhng dng nh mc ca Y khng nm ngoi di dng
nh mc chung cho cc s-ri X v Z c th nghim .
3/ Nhng dng ct cc i nh mc cc in p nh mc
Ux v Uz l nh nhau, hoc nu chng khc nhau, th ch gi tr nh
hn c gi nh l c th p dng c cho UY .
4/ Nhng dng ct cc tiu nh mc ca cc dy chy cu
ch c cng cc dng nh mc cc in p nh mc U x v Uz l
nh nhau hoc, nu chng khc nhau, th ch gi tr ln hn c gi
nh c th p dng cho UY .
5/ Nhng tn s nh mc l nh nhau .
6/ Tt c cc vt liu l ng nht .
7/ Tt c mi kch c tr chiu di dy chy-cu ch v cc
phn t chy u ging nhau .
8/ i vi mi dng nh mc, s cc phn t chy ring l v tit
din ca chng l ging nhau; cng nh lut chi phi s bin thin ca
tit din c biu th nh s ca cc bin i theo chiu di n v
phi c gi l hng s khi lm php ni suy chiu di ca nhng
phn t chy c cc in p nh mc trung gian .
9/ Chiu di ca nhng phn t chy c ni suy tuyn tnh
theo nhng in p nh mc c th nghim .
13.5- S chp nhn mt s-ri ng nht cc dy chy-cu ch
c cc di khc nhau .
Nhm thch nghi vi nhng kch c quy nh cc kiu khc nhau
ca dao ct cu ch hoc b cu ch, i khi cn c mt thit k
cc dy chy cu ch kh dng trong hai hoc nhiu chiu di v
ng cu ch khc nhau. V nguyn tc, nu v ng ngn nht
hon ton c th nghim, th khng cn thit phi th nghim
nhng v ng di hn cho vi iu kin l nhng yu cu sau phi
c tho mn .
Nhng c tnh ct c cng b v nhng c tnh nh
mc c da trn cc th nghim c thc hin trn mt s-ri ng
nht theo 13.2 v 13.3 l c gi tr i vi s-ri ng nht khc ca
chiu di v ng di hn min l cc tiu chun sau phi c tho mn
:
a) Chiu di v ng ca mi s-ri cu ch ng nht khng c
th nghim khng c vt qu 1,6 ln chiu di ca s-ri ng nht c th nghim i vi cng mt in p nh mc . Bc cun ca cc
phn t chy ch yu c th c ko di, nhng chiu di ca chng
phi l mt nh cu ch c th nghim trong s-ri .
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15- Cc th nghim kn v du :
Dy chy ca cc cu ch hn ch dng in c thit k
c dng ngm trong du c th nghim nh sau :
Ghi ch - Nu cc dy chy-cu ch c nhiu dng nh mc
ch khc nhau nhng phn t chy ca chng, th nghim
dy chy-cu ch c s tiu tn cng sut cao nht l .
Dy chy c ngm trong du cch in di mt p sut l
7x10 N/m2 (10 lbs/in2) . Dy chy c qua n dng nh mc ca
dy chy trong 2 gi v nhit du c nng ln (bng cch
dng hm nng b sung nu cn) ti gi 75C v 85C v c duy tr
trong di nhit ny trong thi gian th nghim 2 gi .
4
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thm AB c ch trong hnh 12 phi c o trn mt mu v nng lng c tnh ton t cng thc :
FB xAB
2000
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17.1.4.2 Mu th nghim.
Mu th nghim l mt dy chy - cu ch tiu biu cho kiu ca n.
Ba dy chy-cu ch phi c th nghim.
17.1.4.3 Phng php th nghim.
Mi mu th nghim ( nhit phng gia 15 C v 35 C) phi
c ngm trong mt gi 5 pht trong mt chu c nhit nc gia
70 C v 80 C.
Khng c bt nc no thot ln mt mu sau khi bin mt cc bt b gy
ra bi s nhn chm ban u.
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2. Cc qu in p tc ng (18-8)
3. Cc c tnh thi gian - dng in (18-9)
4. Cc c tnh bin dng ct gii hn (18-10).
5. Cc c tnh I2T (18-11)
6. Cc c tnh ca nhng ht n (18-3)
18-1 in p nh mc
in p nh mc ca mt cu ch nn c la chn t cc in p
cho trong bng 5.
Bng 5
S-ri I
kV
S-ri II
kV
3,6
7,2
12
17,5
24
36
40,5
52
72,5
2,75
5,5
8,25
15
15,5
25,8
38
48,3
72,5
18.2 Dng nh mc ca b cu ch
Dng nh mc ca b cu ch nn c la chn t nhng gi tr sau
:
10A, 25A, 63A, 100A, 200A, 400A, 630A, 1000A
18.3 Dng nh mc tnh bng ampe v dng ct cc i nh mc
ca dy chy tnh bng kil-ampe
Dng nh mc v dng ct cc i nh mc ca dy chy nn c
la chn t s-ri R1O. i vi cc trng hp c bit, cc gi tr ph
thm cho dng nh mc ca dy chy c th c la chn t s-ri
R20
Ghi ch : S-ri R10 bao gm nhng s 1 - 1,25 - 1,6 - 2 - 2,5 - 3,15 - 4 - 5 - 6,3
- 8 v nhng bi s ca 10 ca cc s trn
S-ri 20 : 1 - 1,12 - 1,25 - 1,4 - 1,6 - 1,8 - 2 - 2,24 - 2,5 - 2,8 - 3,15 3,55 - 4 - 4,5 - 5 - 5,6 - 6,3 - 7,1 - 8 - 9 v nhng bi s ca 10 ca cc s trn
18.4 Tn s nh mc
Cc gi tr tiu chun ca tn s nh mc l 50 Hz v 60 Hz.
18.5 Dng ct ti thiu v loi
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KV
in p chu ng
nh mc tn s
cng nghip trong 1
pht (kh v di tri ma)
KV (gi tr hiu dng)
in p chu ng nh mc xung st
(c cc tnh m v dng)
Lit k 1 KV (nh)
Lit k 2 KV (nh)
Vi t
v
gia
cc
u
cc
Trn
khong
cch ly ca
b cu ch
(xem ghi
ch)
Vi t
v gia
cc cc
Trn
khong
cch ly ca
b cu
ch (xem
ghi ch)
Vi t
v gia
cc cc
Trn khong
cch ly ca
b cu ch
(xem ghi
ch)
20
40
60
75
95
145
180
250
325
23
46
70
85
110
165
200
290
375
40
60
75
95
125
170
190
250
325
46
70
85
110
145
195
220
290
375
10
20
28
38
50
70
80
95
140
12
23
32
45
60
80
95
110
160
3,6
7,2
12
17,5
24
36
40,5
52
72,5
2,75
4,76
8,25
15
15,5
25,8
in p chu ng nh
mc xung st (c cc tnh
m v dng)
KV (nh)
Vi t v
Trn khong
gia cc
cch ly ca b
u cc
cu ch (xem
ghi ch)
Trong Ngoi Trong
nh
tri
nh
45
60
75
95
110
125
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110
150
50
70
80
105
125
140
in p chu ng nh mc
tn s cng nghip
KV (gi tr hiu dng)
Vi t v gia
cc im cc
Ngoi
tri
Trong
nh
1 pht
kh
105
125
165
15
19
26
36
50
60
Ngoi tri
1
pht
kh
35
50
70
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Trong
nh
10s t 1 pht
kh
30
45
60
17
21
29
40
55
66
Ngoi tri
1 pht
kh
10s t
39
55
77
33
150
66
282-1
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48,3
72,5
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450
-
200
250
350
165
-
220
275
385
78
80
-
95
120
175
80
100
145
88
-
105
132
195
88
110
160
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Gi tr cc i
nhit
tng nhit
K
0
C
75
105
95
35
65
55
(ghi ch 1)
90
105
115
50
65
75
(ghi ch 1)
80
90
40
50
(ghi ch 1)
80
90
40
50
(ghi ch 1)
80
105
40
65
(ghi ch 1)
(ghi ch 2)
90
100
120
130
155
100
120
180
50
60
80
90
115
60
80
140
(ghi ch 3)
90
50
100
60
Ghi ch
1 Nu nh ch to dng cc lp ph khc vi cc lp ph chi trong bng 8, nhng
tnh cht ca cc vt liu ny phi c xem xt n.
2 Nhit hoc tng nhit khng c t n mt gi tr nh vy lm cho tnh
n hi kim loi b thay i.
3 Chi hn ch bi yu cu l khng gy ra bt k h hi no cho cc phn xung quanh.
4 phn trn ca du.
5 Nn c bit ch ti vn ho hi v xt ho khi dng du c chp chy
thp.
* Cc loi ph hp vi IEC 85.
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18.8 Cc qu in p tc ng
Theo yu cu, nh ch to phi ch r gi tr cc i ca cc qu in
p tc ng nh c xc nh trong nhng th nghim ct (mc
13).
Gi tr cc qu in p tc ng trong khi lm vic cc phn s th
nghim 1, 2 v 3 khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho trong cc bng 9
v 9A.
Bng 9 Cc qu in p tc ng cc i cho php
S-ri I
in p nh mc
KV
3,6
7,2
12
17,5
24
36
40,5
52
72,5
S-ri II
Qu in p tc
ng cc i
KV
in p nh mc
KV
12
23
38
55
75
112
126
162
226
2,75
5,5
8,25
45
15,5
22
25,8
27
38
48,3
72,5
Qu in p tc
ng cc i
KV
9
18
26
47
49
70
81
84
119
150
226
Qu in p tc
ng cc i
KV
3,6
7,2
12
17,5
24
36
26
36
50
63
85
120
nh mc nh.
S-ri II
ln ti v bao gm c 12A
in p nh mc
KV
2,75
5,5
8,25
15
15,5
22 - 25,8
27
38
Qu in p tc
ng cc i
KV
13
25
38
68
70
117
123
173
Ghi ch
1 i vi trang thit b c in p nh mc ca sri I, cc qu in p tc ng
c quy nh trong bng 9A cho php i vi cc qu in p chu ng xung
st nh mc c kt hp ca lit k 2 (xem 18.6).
2 Nhng gi tr ca qu in p tc ng c th vt qu nhng gii hn cho
trong bng 9 i vi mt khong thi gian khng vt qu 200s nhng khng vt
qu nhng gii hn cho trong bng 9A (xem hnh 13).
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in p
nh
Tung
thi gian
Ur
Uc
KV
Cc gi tr dn sut
Tung
in p
**
U'
Tung
thi gian
***
t'
Tc
tng
t3
Tr thi
gian
*
td
KV
KV
KV/s
3,6
6,2
40
2,06
19,4
0,154
7,2
12,4
52
7,8
4,1
25
0,238
Uc/t3
12
20,6
60
6,9
29
0,345
17,5
30
72
10,8
10
35
0,415
24
41
88
13,2
13,8
42,5
0,47
36
62
108
16,2
20,6
52
0,57
40,5
69
115
17,2
23
55,5
0,60
52
89
132
6,6
29,5
51
0,68
72,5
124
168
8,4
41,5
64
0,74
Uc = 1,4x1,5x 2 / 3 U
** U ' = 1/3 Uc
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*td = 0,15t
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Bng 11
in p
Cc tham s c bn
Cc gi tr dn sut
nh
mc
in p
nh
Tung
thi gian
Tr thi
gian
*
Tung
in p
**
Tung
thi gian
***
Tc
tng
Ur
uc
t3
td
u'
t'
uc/t3
kV
kV
kV
kV/s
2,75
5,5
8,25
15
15,5
25,8
38
48,3
72,5
4,7
9,4
14,4
25,7
26,6
44
65
83
124
37
46
54
66
67
91
111
127
168
5,5
6,9
8,1
9,9
10,0
13,6
16,6
19,0
8,4
1,6
3,1
4,8
8,6
8,8
14,7
21,7
27,6
41,5
18,1
22,2
26,1
32,0
32,2
44,0
53,6
61,2
64
0,127
0,204
0,266
0,390
0,400
0,48
0,58
0,65
0,74
uc = 1,4 x 1,5 x /3 Ur
48,3 kV
** u' = 1/3 uc
i vi Ur
* td = 0,15 t3
kV
i vi Ur > 48,3
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Bng 12
Cc c tnh c
Cc gi tr ca
Kiu
Nh
Trung
bnh
Nng
Nng lng
Hnh
trnh t
do (OA)*
mm
Hnh
trnh
ph thm
trong
nng lng
c th c sn ra
(AB)*
mm
0,3
0,25
1
0,5
21
Hnh trnh
thc
Lc chu
ng ti
thiu
Khong
thi gian
hnh
trnh cc
i
(xem ghi
ch)
mm
ms
10
30
Khng p
dng c
100
16
20
40
20
100
10
16
40
100
Cc
tiu
(OB)
*
Cc
i
(OB)
*
mm
4
4
* Xem hnh 12
Ghi ch : - Khong thi gian hnh trnh c xc nh i vi dy chy hin ti
nh thi gian t lc bt u h quang ti thi gian khi hnh trnh OB t ti. i
vi cc cu ch gi nh l thi gian t lc in p ti hnh trnh OB c t
ti.
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p dng
22.1 Lp t
Cc cu ch nn c lp t theo ng nhng li ch dn ca nh
ch to. i vi cc cch b tr nhiu cc ca cc cu ch, khi khong
cch gia cc cc khng b c nh bi cng trnh xy dng, nhng
cc nn c lp t vi cc khong cch ly khng nh hn khong
cch ly nh ch to quy nh.
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23
23.1
Vn hnh
Gi c nh dy chy v tr lm vic
Thay th dy chy
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- u cc ni
(Terminal)
- Ht n hoc thit b ch
th
(Striker or indicating device)
- ng cu ch
(Fuse - carrier)
- Phn t chy
(Fuse - elemenk)
- Dy chy
(Fuse - link)
- Tip im dy chy
(Fuse - linh contact)
- Tip im b cu ch
(Fuse - base - contact)
- Tip im ng cu ch
(Fuse - carrier contact)
- B cu tr
(Fuse - base)
Hnh 1 - Thut ng
Cc im gi
(Bracing points)
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E = Ci to ngn mch
Z = Tr khng c th iu chnh c
O1 = o dng in
chnh c
Rp = in tr song song c th iu
O2 = o in p phc hi
c
R 3 = in tr ni tip c th iu chnh
Mch in p thp
Mch in p cao
dng din
thi gian
Hnh 4a Phn s th nghim 3 : Cc bin i cho php
ca dng din i vi phng php th nghim s dng hai ngun cp.
E = Ci ni ngn mch
Z1 = Tr khng ph c th
iu chnh c
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S = Dao ct ph
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in p
(Voltage)
Thi gian
(Time)
Hnh 10 Th d ca mt ng tham chiu c hai tham s
i vi mt T.R.V m phn u ca n lm v pha tri.
in p
(Voltage)
Thi gian
(Time)
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Hnh 11 vi mt T.R.V
106
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Qua in p tc ng
(Switching voltge)
(Thi gian)
(Time)
a = ng cong in p tc ng
b = Gii hn in p tc ng bng 9
c = Gii hn in p tc ng - bng 9A
d = d < 200 mi-cr giy.
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Ph Lc A
(chun)
Phng php v ng bao in p hi phc qu gi nh
ca mt mch v xc nh cc tham s tiu biu
A.1
Gii thiu
A.2
V hnh bao
Xc nh cc tham s
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Ph lc B
(Thng tin)
Cc l do dn ti s la chn cc gi tr TRV
i vi phn s th nghim 1,2 v 3.
Mt cu ch cao p c th vn hnh tho mn trong cc iu kin vn
hnh bnh thng v ct mch khng gy ra mt qu in p ct
mch qu cao. Nh vy nhng th nghim ct c quy nh trong tiu
chun ny phi ht mc c th biu trng nhng iu kin nng n
nht thng gp trong vn hnh. Bi v cc cu ch c dng trong
cng nhng li in nh nhng my ct, c th xem nh l-gic dng
cng nhng gi tr TRV gi nh nh c quy nh trong IEC 56 i
vi cc my ct. Tuy nhin, vic nghin cu cn thn chng t rng
nhng gi tr ny khng ph hp vi cc th nghim trn cc cu tr do
nhng nguyn l khc nhau c lin quan n vic ct mch in
bng cc my ct hoc cu ch.
Ging nh mt my ct, mt cu ch c th gy ra nhng hin tng
qu trong in p hi phc sau x-r ca dng in, nhng cng
sinh ra mt in p h quang cao c th tu thuc vo cc c tnh
ca mch in c xc nh bng nhng iu kin TRV. Cho nn cn
phi xem xt hai nh hng hon ton khc nhau ca nhng tham s
mch th nghim ny : nhng nh hng ca chng ln in p h
quang v nh hng ca chng ln in p hi phc qu .
Nhng ci khng ct (nhng s c) ca cu ch c th do hoc bi
mt in p nh qu mc trong thi k h quang, hoc bi in p
sau khi tt h quang mt in p qu mc chnh bn thn ca
vic tt h quang hoc sinh ra nh la lp li. Nh vy vic th
nghim phi chng t l khng c mt kiu no trong nhng kiu ny
ca s c sy ra.
Thy rng cn phi th nghim cc cu ch ti ba dng ct gi nh
khc nhau I1 I2 v I3 tng ng vi cc phn s th nghim 1,2 v 3 trong
bng 4 ca tiu chun ny. V cc th nghim ti I 3 lun lun bao trm
ch lm vic ti cc dng qu ti nh, ch cn bao trm ton di
ca dng ngn mch gi nh trong cc th nghim I 1 v I2, nhng
dng ny i khi khc nhau rt ln. Ni chung, I 2 bin i gia 0,2%
v 100% ca I1, tu thuc vo dng nh mc, dng ct cc i
nh mc v thit k ca mt cu ch c bit. Di rng ca cc
dng in ct gi nh, mi dng ct ny c kt hp vi mt s v
hn cc c tnh TRV, ch c th c ph bng hai dng th nghim
bng cch xem xt n hiu bit kinh nghim v cch hot ng ca
cc cu ch hn ch dng. Da trn s hiu bit hin ti ca cc k
thut cu ch v trn chng c c thc nghim, nhng cng vic sau
y cn c xem xt.
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Ph lc C
(Thng tin)
Dng c khuyn ngh i vi nhng th nghim pht nng ca
cu ch
ca trang thit b ngm trong du
Hnh C.1 cho mt v d mu ca dng c th nghim i vi dy
chy c mt ng knh l 63,5mm vi cc chiu di t 256 mm ti
361mm v vi cc dng nh mc t 63A ln ti 200A.
cc dy ng
(Copper conductors)
mc du
(Oil level)
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bng cch in
(insulatingboard)
cc gi bng g
(Wooden supports)
dy
chy
(Tinned copper
vee-block
bng ng m thic
khi V
cch
in
(bng cch
in)
Ghi ch : - Dng c ny cng c th c s dng i vi nhng th
nghim kh nng ct, nu cu v nhng dy chy c th c dch
chuyn lm cn bng nhng khong cch in ....................ti
bnh.
Hnh C-2- Chi tit ca dng c bt cht i vi dy chy trong
bnh.
Phu lc D
(Thng tin)
Cc kiu v kch thc ca cc dy chy hn ch dng in
c quy nh trong cc tiu chun quc gia hin hu
Ph lc ny l bc u tin v s tiu chun ho v kch c ca dy
chy hn ch dng. Ph lc thu thp v xp loi ch nhng kiu v
kch thc c quy trong nhiu tiu chun quc gia hin hu. Cc
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thc tin hin hnh khc vi cc kch thc khc vi cc kch thc khc
khng nm trong ph lc ch v l do l chng cha c chnh thc
tiu chun ho.
Mong mun rng ph lc ny thng tin cho nhng quc gia v
nhng c gng cng hin cho cng vic tiu chun ho ca cc
dy chy v s khuyn khch cc quc gia hon thnh s rt gn
s nhng kiu. Hy vng rng bc th hai s cp nht v b sung bn
ph lc ny nhm t c mt tiu chun ho ton th gii m bo
tnh thay th ln nhau ca dy chy hn ch dng.
Trong khi ch i nhng thng tin tip sau ca dy I, II v III c xc
nh theo nhng kch thc c ch ra trong cc t ca cc c
tnh I, II v III sau y.
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Dy chy i vi cc cu ch hn ch
dng
Kiu I
45 1
55
0,5
35
1
T d liu I
Kch thc bng
mili-mt
C2
(cc
tiu)
C1 v 1
hoc C2
(cc i)
50
88
192
292
367
442
537
60
80
450
Ht n hoc ci ch th, nu c,
phi trn trc ca dy chy
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Dy chy i vi cc cu ch hn ch
dng
OA 0,5
0-4
25,4
28
B +1,3
145
OC1
T d liu II
OC2
15
28
38
54
197
256
50,8
55,6
275
361
567
916
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Dy chy i vi cc cu ch hn ch
dng
T d liu I
Kiu III
Cc kch thc bng mili-mt
Strike
r end
u
ht
n
c nh tm l
* Ch i vi chn D
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Ph lc E
(thng tin)
Phng php hai h s cng sut i vi phn s th nghim 3
(dng b)
E.1 Gii thiu
Tiu mc 13.2.2.1 b) cho nguyn tc phng php th nghim chn la
i vi phn s 3bng cch s dng 2 h s cng sut khc nhau trong
mch th, thun li chnh ca phng php ny l lm gim ng k
nng lng trong khi th.
Ph lc ny m t qu trnh th nghim v mch th nghim v ch
ra cch xc nh tng tr ph t vo mch khi th gi cho
dng in khng i khi thay i h s cng sut.
E.2 Mch th
Xem hnh 4b).
E.3 Xc nh tng tr Z1
Coi rng t s R1/X1 gia phn tr khng v phn in cm ca Z1 l
bit, phn cm khng bng :
X1 =
1
.
2 X
1 2.
R
Rs
R1
R
.(1
)
Rs X 1
Rs
. Rs
trong :
Rs l in tr ni tip ca mch
R,R1 l phn tr khng ca Z v Z1
X,X1 l phn cm khng ca Z v Z1.
Thao tc ng ct khng lm thay i gi tr tuyt i ca dng nhng h s cng sut c ca mch khi S ng c tnh bi :
R1
1
Rs
R
X
cosc = 1 .
. Cos 0
R
(1 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) 2
Rs
Rs
1
Rs
1
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E.4 Th tc th nghim
Bc th nht :
Trong phn u ca th nghim, dao ct S ng v tr khng Z 1
mc song song vi in tr Rs : h s cng sut cosc ca ton b
mch in rt thp.
Bc th hai :
Dao ct S m, tr khng Z1 c tho khi mch in nh c ch trong
hnh 4b.
H s cng sut cosc nm gia 0,4 v 0,6.
Tt c nhng phn t ca mch in, tr tr khng Z 1 u c la
chn theo nhng quy nh trong 13. Nhng c tnh ca Z1 c suy
ra t iu kin quy nh trong 13.2.2.1 b), ci yu cu mt dng
in m gi tr tuyt i ca n phi c lp vi v tr ca dao ct.
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Ph lc F (thng tin)
Xc nh s ging loi khi nhit
xung quanh cu ch vt qu 400C
Mc tiu
Mc tiu ca ph lc ny l cp hng dn v vic xc nh ging
loi nhit ca mt cu ch khi nhit xung quanh cu ch vt qu
400C. Nhit ny c th c gy ra bi nhit mi trng cao hn
mt v tr khng c bao kn hoc bi vic s dng trong mt v
bc. Nh vy phng php c p dng cho cc trng hp sau :
A- Ging loi s dng trong nhit khng kh xung quanh
trn 400C
B- Ging loi s dng trong cc v bc tng i ln
C- Ging loi s dng trong cc v bc tng i nh
D- Ging loi s dng trong cc v bc vi du xung quanh
dy chy
Hn na, phng php E c th c s dng nh mt phng php cho
cc phng php A, B, C hoc D trn.
Ghi ch - Cc phng php khc v ging loi c s dng trong
mt s nc; xem th mc cui ca ph lc ny.
Tng qut
Tiu mc 22.2 ca tiu chun ny cho hng dn v vic la chn dng
nh mc ca dy chy v ch ra l vic s dng mt v bc c th
i hi mt dng in lin tc cc i cho php (I v bc) c hnh
thnh i vi t hp c bit ca dy chy v v bc. Hn na n
ch ra l s thch hp i vi mt p dng ring bit ca dy chy
trong mt v bc l trch nhim ca nh cung cp kin hng v bc
cu ch (FEP).
Ghi ch - FEP ngha l s t hp ca cu ch trong v bc ca
n.
Nhng kt qu ca nhng th nghim tn nhit (xem mc 12) t hp
vi mt phng php xc nh nhit ca v bc cho php nh ch
to FEP xc nh dng in lin tc cc i chp nhn c i vi bt
k FEP no, u tin cho s xc nhn bng cc th nghim.
Nhiu dy chy cao p c dng cho cc mch in ca my bin p,
i vi la chn cc dy chy IEC 787 cho hng dn la chn. Nh
ch ra mc 3a ca IEC 787, nhng dy chy ny nn c cc dng tc
ng tng i cao trong min 0,1s ca nhng c tnh thi
gian/dng in. tho mn yu cu ny, dng in nh mc ca
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= 151 =
Cc gii hn nhit - rt ra t bng 8
Nhit cc
i
Mi trng
75
khng kh
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du
khng kh
90
126
tip im l xo
trn
tip im bt bu
lng
trn
tip im bt bu
lng
trn
tip im bt bu
lng
trn
du
tip im l xo
95
khng kh
tip im l xo
thic
100
du
105
115
khng kh
khng kh
tip im bt bu
lng
tip im l xo
bc hoc nickel
tip im bt bu
lng
thic
tip im bt bu
lng
tip im bt bu
lng
bc hoc nickel
% ca dng
nh mc
gii hn nhit
cc i ca tip
im
cu ch hoc
u cc
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Hnh F.1
= 153 =
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Kiu trang b
nhit
s cc
B
mt
lm
mt
hu
hiu
chiu sau
l thng gi
mm
cc kch
c
A0
H s b
mt b
theo bng
mxm
2
m2
3
III
4
nh
mt trc
mt sau
mt cnh
tri
mt cnh
phi
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nm ngang :
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4)
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Hnh F3
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Kiu trang b
nhit
s cc
B
mt
lm
mt
hu
hiu
chiu sau
l thng gi
mm
cc kch
c
A0
H s b
mt b
theo bng
mxm
2
m2
3
III
4
nh
mt trc
mt sau
mt cnh
tri
mt cnh
phi
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nm ngang :
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Hnh F4
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