library ieee;

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity graphics is
port(
clk, not_reset: in std_logic;
nes1_up, nes1_down: in std_logic;
nes2_up, nes2_down: in std_logic;
nes_start: in std_logic;
px_x, px_y: in std_logic_vector(9 downto 0);
video_on: in std_logic;
rgb_stream: out std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);
ball_bounced: out std_logic;
ball_missed: out std_logic
);
end graphics;
architecture dispatcher of graphics is
constant SCREEN_WIDTH: integer := 640;
constant SCREEN_HEIGHT: integer := 480;
type game_states is (start, waiting, playing, game_over);
signal state, state_next: game_states;
type counter_storage is array(0 to 3) of std_logic_vector(17 downto 0);
constant COUNTER_VALUES: counter_storage :=
(
"110010110111001101", -- 208333
"101000101100001011", -- 166667
"100001111010001001", -- 138889
"011101000100001000" -- 119048
);
-- counters to determine ball control frequency
signal ball_control_counter,
ball_control_counter_next: std_logic_vector(17 downto 0);
signal ball_control_value: integer;
-- counts how many times the ball hits the bar
-- used to determine ball speed
signal bounce_counter, bounce_counter_next: std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
constant MIDDLE_LINE_POS: integer := SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
signal middle_line_on: std_logic;
signal middle_line_rgb: std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);
signal score_1, score_1_next: std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);
signal score_2, score_2_next: std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);
signal score_on: std_logic;
signal current_score: std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);
signal score_font_addr: std_logic_vector(8 downto 0);
-- message format is "PLAYER p WINS!"
-- where p is replaced by player_id
signal message_on, player_id_on: std_logic;
signal message_font_addr, player_id_font_addr: std_logic_vector(8 downto 0);

signal
signal
signal
signal

font_addr: std_logic_vector(8 downto 0);

font_data: std_logic_vector(0 to 7);
font_pixel: std_logic;
font_rgb: std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);

constant BALL_SIZE: integer := 16; -- ball is square

signal ball_enable: std_logic;
signal ball_addr: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
signal ball_px_addr: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
signal ball_data: std_logic_vector(0 to BALL_SIZE - 1);
signal ball_pixel: std_logic;
signal ball_rgb: std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);
signal ball_x, ball_x_next: std_logic_vector(9 downto 0);
signal ball_y, ball_y_next: std_logic_vector(9 downto 0);
signal ball_h_dir, ball_h_dir_next, ball_v_dir, ball_v_dir_next: std_logic;
signal ball_bounce, ball_miss: std_logic;
constant BAR_1_POS: integer := 20;
constant BAR_2_POS: integer := 600;
constant BAR_WIDTH: integer := 20;
constant BAR_HEIGHT: integer := 64;
signal
signal
signal
signal
signal
signal

bar_pos: integer;
bar_addr: std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);
bar_data: std_logic_vector(0 to BAR_WIDTH - 1);
bar_pixel: std_logic;
bar_rgb: std_logic_vector(2 downto 0);
bar_1_y, bar_1_y_next,
bar_2_y, bar_2_y_next: std_logic_vector(9 downto 0);

signal ball_on, bar_on: std_logic;

begin
process(state, ball_x, nes_start, score_1, score_2)
begin
state_next <= state;
ball_enable <= '0';
ball_miss <= '0';
score_1_next <= score_1;
score_2_next <= score_2;
case state is
when start =>
score_1_next <= (others => '0');
score_2_next <= (others => '0');
state_next <= waiting;
when waiting =>
ball_enable <= '0';
if score_1 = 7 or score_2 = 7 then
state_next <= game_over;
elsif nes_start = '1' then
state_next <= playing;
end if;
when playing =>
ball_enable <= '1';
if ball_x = 0 then
-- player 2 wins

score_2_next <= score_2 + 1;

state_next <= waiting;
ball_miss <= '1';
elsif ball_x = SCREEN_WIDTH - BALL_SIZE then
-- player 1 wins
score_1_next <= score_1 + 1;
state_next <= waiting;
ball_miss <= '1';
end if;
when game_over =>
if nes_start = '1' then
state_next <= start;
end if;
end case;
end process;
process(clk, not_reset)
begin
if not_reset = '0' then
state <= start;
ball_x <= (others => '0');
ball_y <= (others => '0');
bar_1_y <= conv_std_logic_vector(SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2 - BAR_HEIGHT / 2,
10);
bar_2_y <= conv_std_logic_vector(SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2 - BAR_HEIGHT / 2,
10);
ball_h_dir <= '0';
ball_v_dir <= '0';
bounce_counter <= (others => '0');
ball_control_counter <= (others => '0');
score_1 <= (others => '0');
score_2 <= (others => '0');
elsif clk'event and clk = '0' then
state <= state_next;
ball_x <= ball_x_next;
ball_y <= ball_y_next;
bar_1_y <= bar_1_y_next;
bar_2_y <= bar_2_y_next;
ball_h_dir <= ball_h_dir_next;
ball_v_dir <= ball_v_dir_next;
bounce_counter <= bounce_counter_next;
ball_control_counter <= ball_control_counter_next;
score_1 <= score_1_next;
score_2 <= score_2_next;
end if;
end process;
score_on <= '1' when px_y(9 downto 3) = 1 and
(px_x(9 downto 3) = 42 or px_x(9 downto 3) = 37) else
'0';
current_score <= score_1 when px_x < 320 else score_2;
-- numbers start at memory location 128
-- '1' starts at 136, '2' at 144 and so on
score_font_addr <= conv_std_logic_vector(128, 9) +
(current_score(2 downto 0) & current_score(5 downto 3));
player_id_on <= '1' when state = game_over and px_y(9 downto 3) = 29 and
(px_x(9 downto 3) = 19 or px_x(9 downto 3) = 59) el
se
'0';

-- player_id will display either 1 or 2

player_id_font_addr <= "010001000" when px_x < 320 else "010010000";
message_on <= '1' when state = game_over and
-- message on player_1's side
((score_1 > score_2 and
px_x(9 downto 3) >= 12 and
px_x(9 downto 3) < 26 and
px_y(9 downto 3) = 29) or
-- message on player_2's side
(score_2 > score_1 and
px_x(9 downto 3) >= 52 and
px_x(9 downto 3) < 66 and
px_y(9 downto 3) = 29)) else
'0';
with px_x(9 downto 3) select
message_font_addr <= "110000000" when "0110100"|"0001100",
"101100000" when "0110101"|"0001101",
"100001000" when "0110110"|"0001110",
"111001000" when "0110111"|"0001111",
"100101000" when "0111000"|"0010000",
"110010000" when "0111001"|"0010001",
"111100000" when "0111011"|"0010011",

--------

P
L
A
Y
E
R
not visibl

-----

W
O
N
!

e
"110111000"
"101111000"
"101110000"
"000001000"
"000000000"

when
when
when
when
when

"0111101"|"0010101",
"0111110"|"0010110",
"0111111"|"0010111",
"1000000"|"0011000",
others;

-- font address mutltiplexer

font_addr <= px_y(2 downto 0) + score_font_addr when score_on = '1' else
px_y(2 downto 0) + player_id_font_addr when player_id_on = '1'
else
px_y(2 downto 0) + message_font_addr when message_on = '1' else
(others => '0');
font_pixel <= font_data(conv_integer(px_x(2 downto 0)));
font_rgb <= "000" when font_pixel = '1' else "111";
direction_control: process(
ball_control_counter,
ball_x, ball_y,
ball_h_dir, ball_v_dir,
ball_h_dir_next, ball_v_dir_next,
bar_1_y, bar_2_y
)
begin
ball_h_dir_next <= ball_h_dir;
ball_v_dir_next <= ball_v_dir;
ball_bounce <= '0';
--- BEWARE! Looks like ball_bounce signal is generated twice
-- due to slower clock! Too lazy to fix now :D
-if ball_control_counter =
if ball_x = bar_1_pos
ball_y + BALL_SIZE
ball_y < bar_1_y +

0 then
+ BAR_WIDTH and
> bar_1_y and
BAR_HEIGHT then

ball_h_dir_next <= '1';

ball_bounce <= '1';
elsif ball_x + BALL_SIZE = bar_2_pos and
ball_y + BALL_SIZE > bar_2_y and
ball_y < bar_2_y + BAR_HEIGHT then
ball_h_dir_next <= '0';
ball_bounce <= '1';
elsif ball_x < bar_1_pos + BAR_WIDTH and
ball_x + BALL_SIZE > bar_1_pos then
if ball_y + BALL_SIZE = bar_1_y then
ball_v_dir_next <= '0';
elsif ball_y = bar_1_y + BAR_HEIGHT then
ball_v_dir_next <= '1';
end if;
elsif ball_x + BALL_SIZE > bar_2_pos and
ball_x < bar_2_pos + BAR_WIDTH then
if ball_y + BALL_SIZE = bar_2_y then
ball_v_dir_next <= '0';
elsif ball_y = bar_2_y + BAR_HEIGHT then
ball_v_dir_next <= '1';
end if;
end if;
if ball_y = 0 then
ball_v_dir_next <= '1';
elsif ball_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT - BALL_SIZE then
ball_v_dir_next <= '0';
end if;
end if;
end process;
bounce_counter_next <= bounce_counter + 1 when ball_bounce = '1' else
(others => '0') when ball_miss = '1' else
bounce_counter;
ball_control_value <= 0 when bounce_counter < 4 else
1 when bounce_counter < 15 else
2 when bounce_counter < 25 else
3;
ball_control_counter_next <= ball_control_counter + 1 when ball_control_coun
ter < COUNTER_VALUES(ball_control_value) else
(others => '0');
ball_control: process(
ball_control_counter,
ball_x, ball_y,
ball_x_next, ball_y_next,
ball_h_dir, ball_v_dir,
ball_enable
)
begin
ball_x_next <= ball_x;
ball_y_next <= ball_y;
if ball_enable = '1' then
if ball_control_counter = 0 then
if ball_h_dir = '1' then
ball_x_next <= ball_x + 1;
else

ball_x_next <= ball_x - 1;

end if;
if ball_v_dir = '1' then
ball_y_next <= ball_y + 1;
else
ball_y_next <= ball_y - 1;
end if;
end if;
else
ball_x_next <= conv_std_logic_vector(SCREEN_WIDTH / 2 - BALL_SIZE /
2, 10);
ball_y_next <= conv_std_logic_vector(SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2 - BALL_SIZE /
2, 10);
end if;
end process;
bar_control: process(
bar_1_y, bar_2_y,
nes1_up, nes1_down,
nes2_up, nes2_down
)
begin
bar_1_y_next <= bar_1_y;
bar_2_y_next <= bar_2_y;
if nes1_up = '1' then
if bar_1_y > 0 then
bar_1_y_next <= bar_1_y - 1;
end if;
elsif nes1_down = '1' then
if bar_1_y < SCREEN_HEIGHT - BAR_HEIGHT - 1 then
bar_1_y_next <= bar_1_y + 1;
end if;
end if;
if nes2_up = '1' then
if bar_2_y > 0 then
bar_2_y_next <= bar_2_y - 1;
end if;
elsif nes2_down = '1' then
if bar_2_y < SCREEN_HEIGHT - BAR_HEIGHT - 1 then
bar_2_y_next <= bar_2_y + 1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
middle_line_on <= '1' when px_x = MIDDLE_LINE_POS else '0';
middle_line_rgb <= "000" when px_y(0) = '1' else "111";
ball_on <= '1' when px_x
px_x
px_y
px_y
'0';

>= ball_x
< (ball_x
>= ball_y
< (ball_y

and
+ BALL_SIZE) and
and
+ BALL_SIZE) else

-- whether bar_1 or bar_2 is on

bar_on <= '1' when (px_x >= BAR_1_POS and
px_x < BAR_1_POS + BAR_WIDTH and
px_y >= bar_1_y and

px_y
(px_x
px_x
px_y
px_y

< bar_1_y + BAR_HEIGHT) or

>= BAR_2_POS and
< BAR_2_POS + BAR_WIDTH and
>= bar_2_y and
< bar_2_y + BAR_HEIGHT) else

'0';
ball_addr <= px_y(3 downto 0) - ball_y(3 downto 0);
ball_px_addr <= px_x(3 downto 0) - ball_x(3 downto 0);
ball_pixel <= ball_data(conv_integer(ball_px_addr));
ball_rgb <= "000" when ball_pixel = '1' else "111";
bar_addr <= (px_y(5 downto 0) - bar_1_y(5 downto 0)) when px_x < 320 else
(px_y(5 downto 0) - bar_2_y(5 downto 0));
bar_pos <= BAR_1_POS when px_x < 320 else BAR_2_POS;
bar_pixel <= bar_data(conv_integer(px_x - bar_pos));
bar_rgb <= "000" when bar_pixel = '1' else "111";
process(
ball_on, bar_on,
ball_rgb, bar_rgb,
score_on, message_on, font_rgb,
middle_line_on, middle_line_rgb,
video_on
)
begin
if video_on = '1' then
if bar_on = '1' then
rgb_stream <= bar_rgb;
elsif ball_on = '1' then
rgb_stream <= ball_rgb;
elsif middle_line_on = '1' then
rgb_stream <= middle_line_rgb;
-- scores and messages share rgb stream
elsif score_on = '1' or message_on = '1' then
rgb_stream <= font_rgb;
else
-- background is white
rgb_stream <= "111";
end if;
else
-- blank screen
rgb_stream <= "000";
end if;
end process;
ball_unit:
entity work.ball_rom(content)
port map(addr => ball_addr, data => ball_data);
bar_unit:
entity work.bar_rom(content)
port map(clk => clk, addr => bar_addr, data => bar_data);
font_unit:
entity work.codepage_rom(content)
port map(addr => font_addr, data => font_data);
ball_bounced <= ball_bounce;

ball_missed <= ball_miss;

end dispatcher;