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JSTV 1:
1957 10 4 ( ) (Sputnik) 1
. 29,000km 223km 1440km
96 .
.
. !
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.
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.
.
.
.
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. .
.
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.
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.
. (Astronomic Unit AU)
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10AU, 30AU .
1960 . (
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9 (Luna9) 1966 2 3
. 1968 12 24 8
(Frank Borman), (James Lovell), (William Anders)
.
1969 7 20 (Neil Amstrong)
.
9
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.
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2020 .
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.
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. 5000AU
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.
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.
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12
13
14
15
16
17
60
(Titan).
(ESA) -(Cassni Huygens)
.
.
.
. 1997 10 15
(ESA) (NASA)
. 2004 7 1 2005 1 14
.
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21 . 2005
- .
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.
. 2020 .
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.
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5: (Interstellar Medium)
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.
.
() .
(Huygens)
(Francis Bacon) (Interstellar
Area) .
. (Vacuum) (Medium)
. (Sylva ).
. (Entelechia)
.
.
1977 9 5 1 (Voyager 1) 25
(Heliopause) .
(Heliosheath)
. 1930
(Thorndike)
.
(:
Nebulae),
(:
Starwind),
(:
Supernova)
. (Spitzer), XRay , , (Hubble Space
Telescope) .
.
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[Voyager 1 1977]
[ 1 , ]
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2020
.
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, , .
(Stellar Termination Shock) 10AU
.
.
24
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.
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.
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. 100,000AU
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.
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. 10AU
. (Stellar Neighborhood)
.
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.
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(
:
Termination Shock Brane)
.
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brane) (Oort Cloud Area) .
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29
30
31
32
33
34
35
7: (Macro-Cosmos) (Micro-Cosmos)
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
[ ]
43
44
45
46
[ IRIS X-RAY
NASA/ESA ]
47
48