Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mathematics General
Preliminary course (Pathway 2)
Worked Solutions
Chapter 3
180
3a
360
b
4 a 0.4245
b 0.7547
c 0.9563
SkillCheck
1a
d1
e 0.0175
25 36
61
7.810...
7.81
f 0.5
g 0.5
h 0.0998
i 0.8111
81 9
72
8.485...
8.49
c
d
2a
b
c
d
e
f
2.551... 2.55
151.260... 151.26
2500 10 25000mm
1400 1000 1.4m
2.5 1000 2500mm
9 100 900cm
960000 1000 960m
5a
18 18 6 3
30 30 6 5
15 15 3 5
2
1
9
93 3
3
12 : 28
both
by 4
3: 7
d
27 :18 bothby
3: 2
e
3 5
:
4 8
6:5
firstoneby
15 cm : 40 mm
150 mm : 40 mm
bothby
15 : 4
g
1m :10cm
100cm :10cm
28
p
4 p 28
28
p
4
p7
4
bothby
10 :1
7a
x 72 90
x 18
50 km : 500 m
50000 m : 500 m
bothby
y 35
b
700 :1
c
k 200 360
1 cm : 2 m
1 cm : 200 cm
1: 200
k 160
a 130 180
a 50
6a
h 24
2 5
24
h 2
5
48
h
5
3
h9
5
b
k
3
k 18 3
k 54
18
Exercise 3-01
1a
b 2 22 52
29
b 29
5.385...
5.39m
b
8.12 v 2 3.52
v 2 8.12 3.52
53.36
v 53.36
7.304...
7.30m
2
q 2 102 7 2
149
q 149
12.206...
102 z 2 42
12.21cm
84
242 p 2 152
p 2 242 152
351
z 2 102 42
z 84
9.165...
9.2cm
b
v 351
18.734...
18.73cm
e
h 2 42 42
32
h 32
5.656...
5.66cm
612 c 2 602
c 2 612 602
121
z 121
11.0cm
c
9.42 k 2 5.52
k 2 9.42 5.52
58.11
k 58.11
7.622...
7.62m
t 2 182 24 2
900
t 900
30.0cm
d
2a
w2 852 50 2
9725
w 9725
98.615...
98.6m
242 y 2 102
y 2 24 2 10 2
476
z 476
21.817...
a x y
11.180... 21.817...
x 16 63
4225
2
32.997...
33.0m
x 4225
65cm
d 2 3.82 1.82
17.68
d 17.68
4.204...
4.20m
87 2 y 2 652
y 2 87 2 652
3344
482 2 140 2 d 2
z 3344
57.827...
57.8cm
d 2 482 2 140 2
212724
d 212724
461.22...
461m
5
15 x 10
2
x 15 10
2
125
z 125
11.180...
6 2 h 2 22
h 2 6 2 22
32
d 32
5.656...
5.66m
4
252 x 2 17 2
200 2 1602 x 2
x 2 252 17 2
336
x 2 2002 1602
14
x 14
120nautical miles
7
x 336
18.330...
18.3m
h 18.3 1.1
19.4m
x 2 2702 10502
10
x 1175
400
l 2 20 2 7.52
x 1175
400
456.25
1084.158...
1080m
l 456.25
21.36...
21.4cm
8a
11
3.52 h 2 12
h 2 3.52 12
h 2 11.25
h 11.25
3.354...
3.35m
b
l 2 h 2 52
11.25 25
36.25
p 2 0.7 2 3.92
15.7
p 15.7
3.962...
3.96m
12
l 36.25
6.020...
6.02m
9
AB 2 7 2 192
410
AB 410
BC 19 17
650
2
b
2
BC 650
CD 2 222 42
500
CD 500
DE 2 7 2 102
149
DE 149
unknown side y
702 502 y 2
y 2 702 50 2
2400
y 2400
perimeter 50 2 2400 2
197.979...
198.0m
14
EA 941
Perimeter
x 2 2.42 22
1.76
x 1.76
1.326...
1.3m
13 a
15
2.42 x 2 22
base x x 20
152 x 2 122
x 2 152 122
81
x 81
9
base 9 9 20
38cm
perimeter 38 15 20 15
88cm
0.88m
0.9m
x 2 2.52 0.452
6.4525
x 6.4525
2.540...
2.54cm
Exercise 3-02
1 Matching sides PE and BA
scale factor
8
2
4
scale factor
26
5.2
5
h 3 5.2
BG 20mm 2
PN 30mm 3
15.6m
10 a The Sun is lower.
IS 4
EA 3
15m
15m
0.0025
6km 6000m
h 1500 0.0025
3.75m
scale factor
4 Teacher to check
5 A and C
2
3
A and B
B
3 5
6 1
6 10 12 2
6 a E and G
9
5
12.6 7
b A and B
6.55 2.5 1
13
5
2
c J and H
7
48
9.6
5
h 2m 9.6
19.2m
scale factor
2.9
0.358...
8.1
h 5.2 0.358...
1.861...
scale factor
4.8
3.2
1.5
length shadow 1.8m 3.2
5.76 m
scale factor
12
10.5m 10.5m
43.75
24cm 0.24m
h 30cm 43.75
1312.5cm
13.125m
scale factor
13
2.3
0.123...
18.6
height 9.4m 0.123...
1.162...
1.16m
scale factor
14
1.86m
1.9 m
7
150
6.25
24
width of canal 15m 6.25
93.75m
scale factor
cm : 1000m
4cm : 100000cm
1: 25000
d
15
3.2
3.2
scale factor
0.372...
3.2 5.4 8.6
length of support 12.5m 0.372...
4.651...
4.7m
16
32m
32m
45.714...
70cm 0.70m
height 30cm 45.714...
13.714...
13.7 m
scale factor
10cm : 1m
10cm : 100cm
10 :100
= 1:10
e
m : 2cm
500cm : 2cm
500 : 2
250 :1
2
6cm 6000
000000cm
= 360000m
= 360 km
So, B.
Exercise 3-03
1a
1cm
: 1km
1cm
: 1000m
1cm
: 100000cm
1: 100000
b
mm : 1cm
2mm : 10mm
2 :10
1: 5
55km 2000
km
= 0.0275m
= 2.75 cm
4a
cm : 120km
3cm : 120000m
3cm : 12000000cm
1: 4000000
bi
c
8
2.1cm
4000
00000cm
= 84000m
= 84 km
4 100
400cm
=4m
ii
6.1cm
4000
00000cm
= 244000m
= 244 km
= 216 km
iv
cm 4000
00000cm
= 120000m
= 120 km
or 5 mm
9 3000
27000cm
=m
iii
cm 4000
00000cm
= 216000m
2 4 0.5cm
9.2cm by5.5cm
6a
b
Scale 1cm
:10m
1cm
:1000cm
1:1000
So,cm 1000
5500cm
55m
c
92km 4000
km
= 0.023m
= 2.3 cm
Mittagong
d
km 4000
km
= 0.01m
=1 cm
Katoomba and Penrith
or Mittagong and Wollongong
5a
So,cm 1000
9200cm
92m
7
7.4 200
0.037m
3.7cm
A
8a
b
c
5 4 20km
3.3 4 13.2km
2.9 4 11.6km
9
9a
1cm
: 3m
1cm
200
10cm : 30m
200cm
length 30m
2m
d
cm 200
440cm 4.4m
cm 200
200cm 2m
cm : 3m
0.9cm : 2.7m
width 2.7m
e
c
cm 200
1cm
: 3m
7.5cm : 22.5m
length 22.5m
300cm 3m
cm 200
360cm 3.6m
Area 3 3.6
10 a
10.8m 2
Cost 10.8 $34
$367.20
1cm
200
200cm
2m
Exercise 3-04
b
1.4cm 200
280cm 2.8m
cm 200
480cm 4.8m
Area 2.8 4.8
1cm
: 2.5m
=1cm
: 250cm
=1: 250
scale factor 250.
13.44m 2
0.8 cm 250
200 cm
11 a
2m
2.2cm by2.5cm
4.4m by5m
2.4 cm 250
4.4 5 6 3 40m
600 cm
6m
10
cost = 48 $84.50
$4056
3a4
36 m 2
b walk-in robe
c1
Window dimensions:
0.6 cm 250 150 cm 1.5 m
0.4 cm 250 100 cm 1 m
Area = front + back + 2 side window
d kitchen
e
15 12 27 1.5
28m 2
52.5 m 2
Number of litres of paint
52.5
=
10
5.25L
need 6L.
2 Scale factor = 400
a
4a7
8.4 1.8
15.12 m 2
1.5 cm 400
600 cm
=6m
0.09 m 2
15.12 0.09 168tiles
2 cm 400
800 cm
=8m
c
11
13.5 cm 100
1350 cm
13.5 m
c 12 windows
17.28 m 2
d 2 doors
17 m 2
6.4 1.2
7.68 m
8 m2
15 (7.8 1.2)
15 9
135 m 2
2400mm 2.4m
$207900
fi
14 14 196tiles
6a
3600 mm by 3600 mm
= 3.6 m 3.6 m
b i 3.6 m
10.8 m 2
Exercise 3-05
12
Z shift tan 11 a b c 3
74.7449... o' "
74o44 '41.57..."
74o45'
4a
shift sin 8 a c 19
24.90...
30o0 '
25o
6
b
A shift ta n 3.2692
72.99...
73o
ii
c
shift cos 3 a b c 6
60o
opposite
adjacent
4.3 cm
1.4333... 1.43
3 cm
7.2 cm
1.44
5 cm
8.6 cm
1.4333... 1.43
6 cm
tan55o
iii
R shift ta n 0.4129
Exercise 3-06
22.43...
22o
e
2a
d
18
d 18 tan 49o
20.706...
tan 49o
20.71
b
13
u
11
u 11cos 50o
7.070...
7.07
cos 50o
p
11
p 11tan 50.6o
tan 50.6o
d
6.8
d 6.8sin 45o28'
4.847...
4.85
sin 45o28'
3a
5
cos 63o
11.013...
a
11.01
d
13
k
13
tan 24o47 '
28.156...
28.16
h
55
h 55cos 6o
54.69...
54.7 m
cos 6o
4
d
4
cos 58.4o
7.633...
7.63
d
tan 72o35'
17
r
17
r
tan 72o35'
5.332...
5.33
c
5
a
13.391...
13.39
cos 58.4o
cos 63o
h
5.4
h 5.4sin 28o
2.535...
2.5 m
sin 28o
PQ
14
PQ 14 tan 65o
30.023...
30.0 cm
tan 65o
14
8.7
x
8.7
cos18o
9.147...
5.1
HI
5.1
HI
sin 26o
11.63...
9.1 m
11.6 m
12
cos18o
x
h
64
h 64 tan 56o
94.883...
95 m
tan 56o
h
50
h 50sin 55o
40.9576...
41 m
sin 55o
sin 26o
h
45
h 45 tan 32o
28.11...
28.1 m
tan 32o
13
10
w
20
w 20 tan 65o
42.89...
42.9 m
tan 65o
sin12o
1.7
x
1.7
sin12o
8.176...
8.18 m
x
14
16.3
d
16.3
d
tan 7o
132.75...
132.8 m
tan 7o
11
15
15
58
92
39.08...
sin
39o
d
cos 40o
38
x
38
cos 40o
49.60...
49.6m
a
16
r
78341200
r 78341200sin 0.0025o
3418.279...
3418 km
sin 0.0025o
21
27
37.87...
tan
38o
e
2
19
83.95...
cos
84o
f
3.8
11.1
18.89...
tan
19o
Exercise 3-07
g
14.175...
14o
A
2a
6.1
10.9
34.03...
sin
34o
h
cos
10.7
14.2
41.10...
64o
41o
8
18
63.61...
cos
tan
0.7
1.6
25.944...
42o
26o
9
10
41.98...
tan
4
16
29
32
25.0078...
cos
tan
105
4.2
87.709...
0.7
3.9
10.17...
87o42 '33.8"
10o
tan
87o43'
10
6
6
5
50.19...
tan
50o
171
500
19.99...
sin
20o
7
29
50
54.54...
cos
55o
11
2
15
7.594...
tan
7o35' 40.716"
7o36 '
Exercise 3-08
1 a 180o
3.2
15
12.04...
tan
12o
9
b 045o
c 270o
d
e
180 45 225o
360 45 315o
f 090o
17
4a
b
c
d
e
f
g
90 47 043o
180 82 262o
A
90 45 135o
180 67 113o
360 15 345o
b
90 7 83o
A 128 90 38o
B 180 38 45 97o
270 38 308o
C 45o
026o
h
i
j
k
l
Exercise 3-09
270 64 206
x
110
x 110sin 30o
sin 30o
55 km
b
6
18
y
110
y 110 cos 30o
95.26... km
95km
15
20
41.4...o
cos
cos 30o
41o
bearing 90 41
131o
2a
1200
2670
24.20...o
tan
24o12 '3.498"
24o12 '
x
12
x 12 cos15o
11.591...
11.59 km
cos15o
c
Either calculate with Pythagoras:
x 2 12002 26702
x 2 856800
x 856800
2927.2...
2930 m
Or by using Trigonometry:
1200
x
1200
sin 24o12 '
2927.3...
2930 m
x
cos 75o
8
x
8
cos 75o
30.90...
x
31 km
6
19
x
25
x 25cos 32o
cos 32o
21.20...
21 km
9
x
6
x 6 cos 45o
4.242...
cos 45o
4.24 km
7
22
48
24.62o
tan
1.8
tan
15
6.84...
25o
6o50 '33.984"
6o51'
bearing 90 6 51'
o
96 51'
180 70 25 275o
10
20
x
4.9
x 4.9 tan 62o
9.21...
9 km
KL
79
KL 79 tan 62o41
152.95...
153 km
11
tan 62o
tan 62o41
79
LM
79
LM
cos 62o41
172.14...
172 km
cos 62o41
m
sin15
8
m 8sin15o
13
2.07...
cos 60o
2.07...
x
2.07...
cos 60o
4.14...
x
4 km
a
21
y
152
y 152sin 45o
sin 45o
sin 36o45'
600
x
600
sin 36o45'
1002.800...
1002.80 km
speed 501.40 km/h
x
15
PQ y m
152sin 45o 152 cos 45o tan 34o
179.976...
179.98 km
b
cos 34o
x
n
x
20
x 20cos 20o
18.79...
19 km
cos 20o
020o
x
cos 34o
but x 152 cos 45o,
n
Exercise 3-10
1
14
22
tan 49o
180
x
180
tan 49o
156.47...
x
156 m
d
800
d 800 tan 57o
1231.89...
1232 m
tan 57o
tan 50o
tan16o41'
40
x
40
tan16o41'
133.46...
133 m
x
130
x
130
tan 50o
109.08...
x
109 m
5
5
20
14.036...
tan
14o
6
cos 57o
800
x
800
cos 57o
1468.86...
x
1469 m
b
23
sin10o
0.4
x
0.4
sin10o
2.303...
x
0.6
1.4
25.37...
sin
25o
2.30 m
9a
b
tan10o
0.4
d
0.4
tan10o
2.268...
d
2.27 m
d
35
d 35 cos14o26 '
33.895...
cos14o26 '
33.90 m
b
x
35
x 35sin14o26 '
8.723...
8.72 m
sin14o26 '
7a
10 a
h
3.05
h 3.05 tan 34o
2.057...
2.06 m
tan 34o
171
500
19.99...
sin
20o
b
d
tan 34
4.5
d 4.5 tan 34o
3.035...
o
3.04 m
Using Pythagoras:
x 2 5002 1712
x 2 220759
x 220759
469.84...
470 m
cos 34o
4.5
L
11 a
4.5
cos 34o
5.427...
L
5.43 m
24
cos14o
280
x
280
x
cos14o
288.57...
289 m
2.5
2
51.34...
tan
x
tan14
280
x 280 tan14o
(leave exact so no rounding error later)
y
tan 33o
280
y 280 tan 33o
(leave exact so no rounding error later)
distance of bird from dog = x y
o
5
175
64.62...
cos
d
34
d 34 cos 38o
26.79...
26.8 m
cos 38o
15
12
25
tan 22o
230
x
230
tan 22o
(leave exact so no rounding error later)
230
tan18o
PS
230
PS
tan18o
(leave exact so no rounding error later)
Distance Stephanie rowed = PS - x
230
230
o
tan18 tan 22o
138.59...
139 m
x
16 a
x
12.8
x 12.8sin 45o
9.050...
9.05 cm
sin 45o
4.5
8
29.35...
tan
29o21' 27.91"
29o21'
bi
scale factor
3
h 4.5 m
8
1.6875 m
ii
h
3
o
h 3 tan 29 21'
1.68696...
1.6870 m
tan 29o21'
Chapter Review
1
d 2 342 242
x 2 x 2 12.82
d 2 1732
2 x 2 163.84
d 1732
x 81.92
41.617...
42 cm
x 81.92
9.050...
9.05 cm
3
8
2a
26
scale factor
25
2
1
15
3
2
x 1 7
3
2
11
3
2
y 16 1
3
3
9
5
x 2 382 122
x 2 1300
x 1300
36.055...
36.06 mm
perimeter 48 38 60 36.06
182.06 mm
scale factor 3 m : 20 cm
= 300 : 20
= 15 : 1
a
b
20 mm 15 300 mm
x 2 42 3.52
x 2 28.25
x 28.25
5.315...
perimeter 5.315... 5.315... 7
17.630...
17.63 cm
3
y 9
4
3
64
9m
140 cm
900
140
= 6 73
=
length of shadow = 2 6 73
3a
scale factor
scale factor
3
4
12 76 m
=12.857... m
12.86 m
6
b
27
18 mm 250 4500 mm
= 4.5 m
19.3778 m 2
15 mm 250 3750 mm
= 3.75 m
17 m 2
0.09 m 2
Number of tiles 19.3778 0.09
215.30...
216 tiles
7a
9 a 0.63
32 mm : 6.4 m
32 mm : 6400 mm
(divide both by 32)
= 1: 200
b 9.87
c 11.01
68o
10 a
47o
52o
c
11 a
b
10
b 10cos 50o
6.427...
6.43
cos 50o
cos 61o33'
8a
4.5
p
4.5
cos 61o33'
9.446...
p
9.45
c
tan 36o
8
y
8
tan 36o
11.011...
y
11.01
28
12
sin 20o
40
x
40
x
sin 20o
116.952...
117 cm
132 x 2 32
x 2 132 32
x 2 160
x 160
12.649...
12.6 m
b
13 a
cos
3
8
67.975...
3
13
76.657...
68o
cos
76o39 '
b
5
2
68.19...
tan
68o
16
17
270 15 255o
157 90 67o
11
17
40.32...
sin
40o
14
18
18
35
27.216...
tan
27o12 '58"
27o13'
15
19
a
a
29
x 2 52 182
x 2 349
x 349
18.681...
18.68 km
b
5
18
15.52...
tan
16o
bearing 90 16
106o
20
8
21
67.607...
cos
68o
21
o
tan 3115'
650
x
650
tan 31o15 '
1071.166...
1071 m
x
30