Annotated Bibliography

Rough Draft
Mikaela Morgan

Source 1
Anderson,J.(1980).TheNutcrackerBallet.NewYork:MayflowerBooks,1980.
ThisisabookthatIusedasaprimarysource.Inthisbookithadalotofgood
informationcoveringTheNutcracker.ItcoveredtheplotoftheoriginalNutcracker
balletbyE.T.AHoffman,thestoriesbehindtheoriginalchoreographerandcomposer,
andittalkedalotabouthowtherearemanydifferentversionsthroughouttheworld.The
authorisJackAnderson,hecreatedthissourceforreaderslikemewhowanttoknow
moreabouttheconstructionoftheNutcrackerandhowitgottowhereitisattoday.Jack
Andersonisverycredibleforhisinformationintermsofhisknowledgeinthedance
community.HewasadancecriticfortheNewYorkTimes,contributingeditorofDance
Magazine,NewYorkcorrespondentforTheDancingTimesofLondon,editorial
associateofBalletReview,andwasthecoeditorofDanceChronicle.Hehasservedon
theDanceAdvisoryPaneloftheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsandhastaughtdance
historyattheNorthCarolinaSchooloftheArts.Iusedthissourceinordertorefreshmy
memoryoftheplotlineandtoeducatemyselfofalltheinformationofwhatIdidnot
alreadyknowaboutTheNutcracker.ThissourcereallyhelpedmyunderstandingofThe
Nutcrackerandtrulygavemeagoodlookofhowitcamealltogethertogetthesuccess
ithastoday.
Source2
DiscovertheHistoryoftheNutcrackerBallet.(n.d.).RetrievedNovember18,2015,from
http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/historyofballet/a/nutcrackerproa.htm

ThisisapopularsourceIusedtolearnmoreabouttheHistoryofThe
Nutcracker.Therewasnospecificauthornamedbutitwasapartabout.comwhichisa
reliablewebsitetofindbriefinformationaboutanytopic.Thispopularsourcewasfor
readerslikemetogetabrief,yetinformational,knowledgeofthehistoryofThe
Nutcrackerballet.Toteachwhomtheoriginalballetwasconductedbyandwho
choreographedtheoriginalballet.Thispopularsourceifverywellknowntomany,and
isverycrediblelookingattheirbibliographyoftheirsourcestheyused.Iwillusethis
sourcetohelpmyunderstandingofthehistoryoftheballetsoIamabletoinformmy
audienceofthatgoodinformationduringmypresentation.
Source3
Jacobs,L.(2011).'TheNutcracker':anewawakening.NewCriterion,(7),17.
ThisisascholarlyjournalsourceIusedtofindoutmoreinformationoftherise
ofTheNutcracker.ThisjournalbyLauraJacobswasmostlyapersuasivejournal.She
wastryingtotellheraudienceofheropinionaboutthenewawakeningofthe
Nutcrackerandallofthepositivesandnegativesofallitschanges.WhatItookaway
fromthejournalwerefacts,informationIcouldaddontotheinformationbehindnames
ofpeoplemyaudiencewouldnotknowalotabout.Thejournaltalksalotabouthowone
productionwasbetterorworseindifferentareasthananotherproduction.Thisauthorof
thisjournal,Ithink,hasalotofcredibility.Shehadgonetoseemanyperformances
herself,sheinterviewedandtalkedwithpeoplebehindthescenes,andbytheintelligence
ofherwordssheseemstohavedoneherdeepresearch.Iplantousethissourcetohelp
contributetomypresentationinawaytoletmyaudienceknowmoreabouttheoriginal

Nutcracker,itshistory,andwherethisproductionallbegan.Therearealotof
importantnamesinthisarticlethatIwillbringoutandshareinmypresentationaswell.

Source4
MariusPetipa.(n.d.).RetrievedNovember18,2015,fromhttp://www.the
ballet.com/petipa.php
ThisisascholarlynewsletterbyTheBallet.Thissourcewascreatedinorderto
tellaboutthelegendarylifeofFrenchchoreographerMariusPetipa(18181910).A
couplemainideasthatweretalkedaboutincludehisbackground,hisjourney,andhis
achievements.Thenewslettertalksabouthowhecamefromadancingfamily,he
accomplishedstagingatleastfiftyoriginalballetsandcreatingdancestothirtyfive
operasaswell.Iwouldsaythatthissourceiscredibleforitsinformationbecausethe
newslettercomesstraightfromTheBallet,acompanyspecificallyforballets.Iwillbe
usingthissourcetohelpmyunderstandingabouttheoriginalchoreographerofThe
NutcrackersoIwillbeabletoinformmyaudienceofthisinformationaswell.
Source5
MoscowBallet.(n.d.).RetrievedNovember18,2015,from
http://www.nutcracker.com/aboutmb/historyofnutcracker
ThisisanotherpopularsourceIusedwhichwaspublishedonlinebyThe
Nutcrackerswebsite.Thereasonforthesourceistoinformpeoplewhomaybe
interestedintheballet,orplanongoingtooneandwanttofindoutmorehistoryofthe
performancetheywanttogosee.Somemainideasinthissourceincludedinformation
abouttheclassicChristmasstoryballet.Theyalsotalkedabouttheperformancehistory
andtheSt.PetersburgPremiere,whichwastheveryfirstperformanceoftheChristmas

ballet.HowtheballetperformeddifferentlyinEurope,theUnitedStates,andinRussia
wasalsotalkedgreatlyabout.Thedifferencesbetweenthecountriesarehuge,andthis
sourcereallygoesintodetailofallthosesmallishchangesthatweremadeforeachone.
ThiswasacrediblesourceIthoughtbecauseitwascomingstraightfromThe
Nutcrackersveryownwebsiteandtheycreatethesewebsitesinorderfortheiraudience
toknowalltheyneedtoknowpriortotheperformancetheyplanonattendinginthenear
future.Iplantousethissourceasanothereducatorformyself,soIamabletoget
familiarwiththetruehistoryofTheNutcracker.Thereissomuchthathappenedinthe
processofTheNutcrackerbecomingsosuccessful,andknowingwhatstartedthewhole
thingiswhatshockspeoplethemost.Soknowingthosethingstobeabletosharetomy
audiencewillreallyhelpmypresentation.
Source6
NewYorkCityBalletHome.(n.d.).RetrievedNovember18,2015,from
http://www.nycballet.com/SeasonTickets/NutcrackerAdditional/History.aspx
ThisisanotherpopularsourcewrittenbytheNewYorkCityBallet.TheNew
YorkCityBalletwrotethistoinformitsaudiencepriortotheperformanceofthehistory
ofGeorgeBalanchinesversionofTheNutcracker.Themainideasofthissource
includedthebackgroundofGeorgeBalanchine,ittalksaboutwhohehadworkedwith
andalloftheirbackgrounds,anditalsotalkedaboutallofBalanchinesachievements
andsuccesses,onebeingthathisversionthatgottheballettobecomesopopulartoday.
Thesourcescredibility,forthemostpart,isprettygood.Thereweresomethingsthat
weresaidinhowallofthecreatorsmeteachotherthatwasdifferentfromtheother
sourcesIhavealreadyread,butalloftherestofthehistoryiscredible.Thereasonfor

theconfusionoftheconnectionsbetweenthecreatorscouldbebecauseTheNewYork
CityBalletcamelaterintheprocessoftheproductionsofTheNutcracker,sotheymay
notknowasmanydetailsasthoseoftheoriginalproduction.Iwillusethissourceto
educatemyselfoftheversionthatpushedthesuccessforwardforTheNutcrackerballet.
Source7
NutcrackerBalletMusic.(n.d.).RetrievedNovember18,2015,from
http://www.nutcrackerballet.net/html/nutcracker_music.html
ThissourcewasjustawebsiteIusedtofindoutmoreinformationaboutthe
musicconductor,PeterTschaikovsky.TheauthorofthissourcewasjustTheNutcracker
BalletMusic.Theymadethewebsiteinordertoeducatepeoplelikemeofthemusicof
TheNutcracker.Theywantpeopletoknowhowimportantofapartthemusicofthis
productionplays.ThemusicbyTschaikovskyistheonlythingthathasnotchanged
throughoutTheNutcrackersjourneyofsuccess.Somemainideasthatwerepresented
includedhistoryofTschaikovskyandthestoryofhisjourneytosuccess.Italsotalked
aboutallofhisachievementsandwhenthoseachievementsoccurred.Thissourceis
crediblebecauseitcamestraightfromthedepartmentofmusicforTheNutcracker.Iam
goingtousethissourceinordertoeducatemyselfoftheconductorofthesegreatsongs
soIcaninformmyaudienceduringmypresentationbecausethemusicisavery
importantparttoTheNutcracker.
Source8
Persad,M.(n.d.).WhyItTakes8,500PairsOfPointeShoesToPutOn'TheNutcracker'
RetrievedNovember18,2015,fromhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/18/the
nutcracker_n_4460978.html

ThisisanotherprimarysourceIusedwrittenbytheNewYorkCityofBallet.
Theycreatedthissourceforreaderslikemetobeabletogetalookbehindthescenesof
aNewYorkdancer,specificallyoneinTheNutcracker.Thecredibilityofthesourceis
veryhighconsideringitcomesfromthebestandmostwellknownballetcompanyinthe
UnitedStates.Andittookahandsonapproach,itwentstraighttothepeoplewhowork
TheNutcrackerwithinthecompanyandaskedthemspecificquestionsaboutspecific
topics,whichiswhattheytalkaboutinthesource.Theygetlooksbehindthedancers,of
whattheydoinordertogetthemselvesready,whattraditionstheydobeforedancing,
sillythingslikethat.TheyalsotalkedaboutthepointshoeswhichiswhatIwasreally
lookingforsoIcouldtalkaboutthatduringmypresentation,andtheytalkaboutthe
costumesandhowuniquetheyareandhistorical.Iplantousethissourcealotinmy
costumesandshoespartofmypresentation.WhereItalkspecificallyaboutthesethings
andalotoftheinformationwasgiventomerighthereinthissource.
Source9
Varga,A.(2009).TheNutcracker:AconversationwithZackBrown.TD&T:Theatre
Design&Technology,45(4),1222.
Thissourcewasalongjournal/interview.Theauthorinthisjournalinterviewed
ZackBrown,adesignerforcostumesandsceneryfortheMilwaukeeballet.Theauthor
wrotethisjournalforherownselfbutalsoforreaderslikemetofindoutmorebehind
thescenesoftheprocessitistodesignnewandcustomcostumesfortheirown
production.Howlongitactuallytakestodesignthesceneryandbackgroundforthe
stage.Ithoughtthissourcewasverycrediblebecausetheauthortookahandson
approach,andwhensomeonegetstobemorehandsonIthinkitisevenmorecredible

thenjustwatching.Someofthemainpointsfromthisjournalisthattheauthorasked
brownquestionsabouthishistoryandbackgroundandwhyhewouldevenwantajob
likethisone.Theauthoralsoaskedquestionsconsideringtime,likehowlongittookhim
andhisassistantstogetthecostumesandscenerydoneandsoon.Iplantousealotof
specificthingsoutofthisjournaljustbecauseithassomanygreatexamplesIcould
shareaboutsomyaudiencecangetabetterpictureofwhatitwasliketomakesucha
productionlikeTheNutcracker.

Source10
Vagin,V.(n.d).Thenutcrackerballet.
Thissourcewasjustaprimarysource.Basicallyitwasachildrenspicturebook
thattoldtheoriginalE.T.AHoffmansstoryofTheNutcracker.Theauthorwantedits
audiencetoenjoysthefairytalestoryofTheNutcracker.Thecredibilityofthissourceis
iffybecausewedonotknowmuchabouttheauthor,butitisjustthestoryofThe
Nutcracker.SomeofthemainpointsincludetheentireplotlineofthestorywhichIwill
talkaboutindetailinmypresentation.Iusedthissourceinordertofreshenmybrainof
theplotlineofTheNutcrackersoIwouldknowthestorymorebyheartwhilepresenting.