Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mine2-4D Projects
Contents
1
Introduction to Mine2-4D
Background Information
Project Setup
15
23
1
1
2
4
4
5
8
9
10
10
10
11
13
13
13
15
15
15
16
16
16
17
17
18
19
19
20
21
21
22
23
24
25
25
27
27
27
27
28
28
29
29
29
31
33
Design Definitions
35
Preparation
42
49
Sequencing
55
An Introduction to EPS
66
Reporting
73
10
11
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
41
42
42
43
43
44
47
49
49
49
49
50
50
51
55
55
56
56
56
56
57
57
58
58
58
60
62
64
66
66
67
67
68
68
69
70
71
12
13
14
15
73
73
73
73
74
76
77
78
79
90
92
79
79
79
80
82
83
84
85
86
88
88
90
90
92
92
93
94
94
95
96
96
97
99
100
101
103
104
105
107
133
133
136
136
136
136
139
Appendix A:
140
Appendix B:
143
Appendix C:
Segment Numbering
144
INTRODUCTION TO MINE2-4D
Prerequisites
To use this tutorial you will need the following components installed on your computer:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
Information
More information
There are many sources of online help - designed to suit the way you work:
Mine2-4D Help Contents
Choose the Contents command from the Help menu to display the contents page for
Datamine help.
Context Help
Choose the Help button on any command dialog to display help on use of the displayed
dialog.
Tool Tips
Pass the pointer over the toolbar buttons to display tool tips and one line help on the status
bar.
AutoHelp
Check this option on any command dialog to display the AutoHelp window.
Online User Guide
Comprehensive User Guides and Process Descriptions are provided on the Datamine Website
at www.datamine.co.uk and the Mine2-4D website, www.mine24d.com
Telephone Support
The Datamine support desk is available during normal office hours from your local Datamine
office.
MSN Messenger
Support is also available from MSN messenger. For more details, please contact your local
Datamine office.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Mine2-4D is an Earthworks software product that uses a unique methodology to allow the
integrated design and scheduling of both underground and open pit mines.
Mine2-4D consists of the following main components:
Design
Adjustable
Vertical Mine2-4D
Menu
Design Window
The Vertical menu provides access to the Mine2-4D integrated design and scheduling
processes. In this document, we will cover the use of the Design menu as it relates to the
training dataset.
The Design menu provides access to the standard Design Window and batch (dataprocessing) commands. For more information in the use of this menu, please refer to the
Mine2-Design Tool training manuals (Manuals 1A and 1B).
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
on
your
machine
under
the
The 660, 680 and 700 levels represent the various levels of the mine, while the
Future_Infrastructure directory contains the capital development necessary to access and
support mining operations from these three levels. The Common Data and Geology directories
contain files that are common to all projects and will be referenced using the File Inclusion
List.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
Checking in a project
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
Select File | Set Userlist Location, and create a new directory under the C:\Program
Files\Earthworks\Mine2-4D directory called UserList. Select this new directory as your
user-list location.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
You will be prompted to enter a password for access to the new user list. Enter admin as the
password. This will become the new Administrator password to the Mine2-4D system,
including start-up of the software.
By default, the list file (M4Duserlist.m1d) will automatically be saved to the current location,
either the working directory you are in or the directory you have specified using the Set
Userlist Location menu. The location of the user-list will be displayed in the status bar at
the base of the dialog.
If this location is incorrect, use the Set Userlist Location option to update the directory
location.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
Select Options | User Administration and then enter the Administrator password admin
to continue.
Mine2-4D Projects
attempts to logon while their status is set as inactive, a message box will appear on the
machine asking them to contact the system administrator. It is recommended that rather
than deleting users, the status should be set to inactive.
Stand Alone : This toggle allows the user to access the system when not connected to the
network. This option can be toggled OFF for users other than the Administrator.
User Types : The user can be allocated a User Type to limit their access to specific areas of
the database - All, Engineering, Geology or Survey.
To add and delete records from the User list simply right click on the grid and select the
appropriate option.
Add yourself to the user list, giving yourself Power User privileges.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
When adding a new attribute it is necessary to specify the type of attribute - Numeric or
Alpha-Numeric. If the type is Alpha-numeric, the character length of the attribute (a multiple
of 4 to a maximum of 20) must also be specified.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
10
Next enter the values 680 and 700 in the same way, and, finally, click Exit.
The Attribute List dialog should now appear as follows.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
11
First select the sub-directory Working as your working directory using the option File | Set
Working Folder.
If the sub-directory Working does not exist under the training directory, create it.
Once you have specified your working directory, create a new project file for the Underground
directory by clicking New at the bottom of the Design Manager window.
In the Browse For Folder dialog, find and select the folder Underground | Future
Infrastructure (within the Database | Training | M24D folder). You will then get the
following dialog, but with an empty text box:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
12
Enter a name for the new project ie: Future_Infrastructure, then click OK. The project
should automatically be created and checked out by the system and subsequently executed
on your computer. (Warning: you may need to select or enter license details at this stage.)
Creating a project history entry including user, time checked out, time checked in,
comment and back-up file.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
13
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
14
PROJECT SETUP
Project Setup
The Project Setup dialog is used to define the initial design information for a project.
Sub-Projects
Sub-projects can be used in Mine 2-4D as a means of scenario analysis - each sub-project
uses the same .m4d file (containing the tables for the project), but can contain a completely
different design or Mine2-4D design parameters.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
15
Description
General
Conventions
Geology
Derived Activities
Scheduler
Project Details
Details for the current project are specified in the Project Set-up | General menu.
Design Strings
In the Project Setup menu you can specify the design string types to be used within the
project and define the files corresponding to each active design string type.
There are three design string types that can be used: fixed cross sectionals, outlines and
complex solids.
Fixed cross sectionals (fxs) are created by applying a fixed cross sectional area to a
design string (survey line).
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
16
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
17
Design Strings
The Future_Infrastructure project consists of one design file containing centre-lines for the
ramp, vent and orepass system for an open stoping operation. The design file is called
hwrs.dm and can be found in the Future_Infrastructure folder.
1. To attach this table to your project, select Add File to Project
Add Files to Project.
2. Next tick the Fixed Cross Sectional checkbox, then select the design string file HWRS
by clicking on the browser button
. A window will open listing the string files
available. Because the table HWRS does not physically reside in the working folder,
you will see the following message:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
18
Options
1. Leave all the options turned off.
Measurement system
1. Set the Measurement system to Metric.
2. Check that the Project dialog has the settings shown below:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
19
2. Next, ensure that the model file RESMOD is part of your project. To do this, select
File | Browse Project. If RESMOD does not exist, add it to the project using File |
Add Files to Project | Manually. The file you need to add is resmod.dm in the folder
Geology.
3. Right-click in the grid (grey area), then select Add from the menu. A default
Interrogate action for RESMOD will be added to the list:
4. This will be sufficient for a simple interrogation of all design data against the model.
5. Make sure that the Perform Dilution Calculations checkbox is ticked; this ensures that
any voids are treated as waste with no grade.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
20
6. Set the [Default] value for Density to [4] as shown in the following image:
Legend to use in Interrogation Although we are not using this option for this exercise, it
is good to know of its existence.
The Legend to use in Interrogation allows the user to specify a Legend that will be used
during the interrogation. This Legend needs to have first been defined under the Format |
Legend menu. The legend must be set up using a field from the geological model that is NOT
going to be interrogated.
2. Ensure the default Measurement system is set to metric and the gradient convention
to 1:n and +ve up, the latter meaning that a positive gradient value indicates an
upwards gradient and a negative value is downwards.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
21
3. Select the Scheduler tab and select the default scheduling project as the Earthworks
Production Scheduler.
3. Toggle on the Including Depletion fields option. This has the effect of adding a further
property: Depleted Volume.
4. Select OK to proceed.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
22
The main Mine2-4D design dialog consists of the following three steps:
Step 1 Design
Mine2-4D automates a great deal of the mine design process by using string attributes
to define different excavation types. By creating a new string (or group of strings)
with a unique colour, line style and symbol, the user can apply unique attributes to the
string at a later stage.
There are two tabs that exist under the Design menu: Design and Tools.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
23
Design Tab
Under the Design tab, the following menus are available:
The Automatic Layout Tool is used to create designs from user-defined rules.
Note: Design Definitions must have been run before creating the
Automatic Layout rules, as they are based on the Mine2-4D description of
Design Types
The Design Editor enables referencing of remote files while editing design strings.
Editing of Design Directions allows users to reverse the direction of design strings. It is
very important to ensure a string is laid out in the correct direction for sequencing and
scheduling purposes.
In this instance, all of the design work has been carried out already. Therefore, all that is left
to do is to edit the design directions.
It is very important to ensure that the Fixed Cross-Sectional design strings run in the correct
direction, i.e. the direction of mining. If not, problems will occur with the sequence and the
scheduling of the design. These problems can be fixed later, but it is much more difficult and
time-consuming to do so.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
24
Tools Tab
Under the tools tab, the following menus are available:
The Design Tools Tab, is activated by pressing the Design icon in the main menu.
The Mean Azi and Dip button calculates the mean azimuth and dip of each design string.
This information is stored in a duplicate string file, via the newly created attributes AZIMUTH
and DIP.
The Borehole Warning dialog is used to find boreholes in the vicinity of excavations
Data Validation
The Data Validation Wizard can be used to clean the Mine2-4D design data or the data
associated with any other user defined file selected via the browser.
During the design process, data may be duplicated, wrongly entered or corrupted. The Data
Validation Wizard offers an array of tools for removing any of this erroneous data.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
25
The wizard investigates the Design Strings in the project. If no Design Strings have been
defined the dialog will not operate.
The Data Validation Wizard specifically deals with the following:
invalid attributes
resolution of points
endlink checking
data deletion
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
26
Attributes
This step allows the user to strip attributes from the design strings. Since all design tables in
Mine2-4D are database tables, attributes are simply extra fields in these tables. Removing
these attributes can reduce file size and processing time as well as keeping the data clean. To
remove any unwanted attributes click on the Remove check box next to the attribute.
Invalid Point Strings
Duplicate Strings
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
27
Duplicate Checking Precision can be set to check for points which are not exactly the
same. A checking precision of 0.1 is recommended. Leaving the precision set at 0 will ensure
that only exact duplicate strings are flagged.
Compare String Properties can be used to specify whether design definitions are
used to define duplicate strings. If the check box is toggled on, Mine2-4D will only
flag duplicate strings which do not share the same COLOUR, LSTYLE and SYMBOL
combination. Otherwise, all spatial duplicates will be flagged.
Flag Partials can be toggled to search for strings which share two or more points.
This tool is especially useful for highlighting fixed cross sectional strings that share
many points but each have at least one unique point.
Duplicate Example 1
The strings shown in the fixed cross sectional example above would generally not be
flagged as duplicates. However, if the precision was set to 0.5, points A2 and B1
would be seen as duplicate and points A3 and B2 would also be seen as duplicate.
Still, if Flag Partials was not checked, these strings would not be seen as duplicate as
points A1 and B3 would both be seen as unique.
Hence if the precision was set to 0.5 and the Flag Partials was toggled on for Fixed
Cross Sectionals, these strings would be seen as duplicate. If the Check Design
Definitions toggle for Fixed Cross Sectionals was also toggled, these strings would not
be seen as duplicate as string A has COLOUR 7 while string B has COLOUR 8.
Duplicate Example 2
In this second example, running with a precision of 0.5, the Flag Partials check box
would not need to be toggled on to find string B as a duplicate. Because all of the
points on string B can be found on string A, string B would be flagged as a duplicate.
Note: If the Check Design Definition check box was toggled for Fixed Cross
Sectionals, string B would not be found as a duplicate, as it does not have
the same COLOUR, LSTYLE and SYMBOL combination as string A.
Resolve Points
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
28
Endlink Checking
The end link checker will only activate as long as there are outline or complex solid design
types. Fixed Cross Sectionals are not subjected to this check. The process cycles through the
design and checks each item individually.
Complex Solid Checking
As per the endlink check, the complex solid checker is only run on the complex solids design
types. Fixed Cross Sectionals and Outlines are not subjected to this check
Data Deletion
The dialog shown above is displayed at the conclusion of the data validation process.
Suspected problems are highlighted by recolouring the column heading either red or orange.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
29
Description
PVALUE
TYPE
1, 2 or 3 for each of the design types (FXS, OUT and CXS respectively)
COLOUR
LSTYLE
SYMBOL
Dupl ID
Duplicate strings
Partial duplicates will be highlighted in Orange, while exact duplicates
will be highlighted in Red. By hovering over a duplicate, the PVALUE of
the matching duplicate is displayed as shown.
Point
RSLVE
Instances where points along a string are closer than the specified
minimum tolerance.
Angles
CXS
EndLink
Endlink problem.
If an error in the end-linking process occurred then the suspect string
will be flagged.
XO XY
XO YZ
XO XZ
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
30
3. Select the strings whose direction you wish to reverse - multiple strings can be
selected by holding down the Control key while left-clicking - then click the
reverse direction button
(rev).
4. You will notice the direction of the arrows on the design string will be
reversed. This is a visual representation of the correct direction of mining.
5. Click OK to update the design string files with the altered string directions.
Click the Cancel button to discard all changes (design string files will not be
updated).
6. You should be required to edit the direction of several of the strings. You may
also wish to use the insert-point-at-intersections (ii) and delete-point
(dpo) commands to trim the vent raise to the lower access.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
31
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
32
invalid attributes
resolution of points
data deletion
4. Upon completion of the wizard, you should see the following form displayed:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
33
5. Select the red XO XY Heading. You should see that all of the records are sorted
according to this column, with any problem records reporting to the top of the form.
6. Check the Show and Auto Zoom options, and Apply Filter.
7. You will notice that it is the ramp string that is highlighted. In this instance the
problem of suspected cross-overs has been flagged with the string as the string DOES
cross over in the X-Y plane. As this is not an error with the data there is no need to
make any adjustments.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
34
DESIGN DEFINITIONS
The Design Definitions dialog is available from the Connect to Definitions area. This
dialog contains up to three tabs, depending on the file types that were previously enabled in
the Project Setup. The valid string file types are:
Outline definition
Complex solids
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
35
Applying Filters
To have access to the above options, you must toggle on View Design strings while editing
Design Definitions upon opening of the Design Definitions form.
This toggle allows you to subsequently view any strings with an individual design definition on
their own by using filters. To view strings of a particular description, click on the description,
then click the Apply Button in the Filters area. All other Design Types will be hidden in the
Design Window. To view all of the design strings for that design type, click on the Remove
Filters button.
To change how you view the strings (i.e. to fill the entire Design Window) check the Auto
Zoom button before applying the filter. This will automatically zoom to extents when you
apply the filter. To remove the filter click on the remove filter button.
Editing Attributes
To edit the attributes of design strings, click on the Edit button in the Attributes area then go
to the Design Window and click the string you wish to edit.
Four attribute menu buttons will appear at the bottom left of the Design Window:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
36
Other Attributes
Clicking the Colour, Symbol, or Linestyle menu buttons will bring up the respective lists of
those types from which you can choose.
To change an attribute of the selected design string, click on the Colour, Symbol or Linestyle
that you wish to use.
Clicking on the Other Attributes Box will bring up two boxes to the right; one with the
Attribute Name and the other with the Attribute Value. Arrows are provided to the right of
the Attribute Name Box which allow the user to scroll through the various Attribute Names.
To change the Attribute Value click in Attribute Value Box, type in the new value and hit
enter. Be aware that Attribute Names and their Values are case sensitive.
On exiting the Design Definition Database, Mine2-4D will prompt whether the user wishes
to connect the definition database to the design. Clicking OK will apply all the Properties from
the Design Definition Database to the Design String File.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
37
Segment Length
The segment distance specifies the segment length to which each fxs design string will be
cut, for the purposes of sequencing, wireframing, evaluation, and scheduling.
Note: It is possible to enter a segment length of -1. This will have the effect of
creating NO segments. Similarly, entering -2 will have the effect of breaking the
string into 2 equal segment lengths etc
The smaller the segment length chosen, the greater the level of detail able to be reported.
However, reducing the segment length also has the effect of increasing the number of records
in a project. Therefore there typically has to be some compromise between reasonable
amount of detail, and reasonable size of project.
3. Check the box to View Design Strings while editing Design Definitions. This will load
the design strings into the Design Window for you to view and edit. If you do not
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
38
toggle this option on, you will not have access to the filtering and attribute options
discussed in the Background Information.
4. If you have not saved valid changes to the strings in the Design Window, click No at
this point. Return and save the changes before continuing.
5. If you are happy that all data is saved, click Yes to Continue.
6. On selecting Yes, the following warning dialog will appear:
7. Click YES and select the M24DESC field. This will select the M4DDESC field as the
basis for each string Description.
8. The Design Definition form will then open. Check that you can see the following:
Before continuing you will need to edit the X-Sectional shape, Scheduling Rate and Segment
Distance for each design type as follows:
Cross Sectional Shape
By default, you are able to choose from three standard X-Sectional shapes. These are
Standard Rectangular, Standard Circular and ShantyBack. You also have the option to create
any user defined shape required.
9. For the Orepass_XCut choose a Standard Rectangular X Section shape and give it
the following dimensions: 4mW x 4mH.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
39
10. For the Ramp, we first need to create a user-defined arched profile. To do this, click
the
button to bring up the X-Section Tool dialog. Select the Arch option and
input a height of 5m, a width of 5m and an arch radius of 1.8m. By selecting the
Create button, you should see the following displayed on screen:
`
11. Select the Save Option and you will be prompted to enter a name for your new
profile.
12. You will then be prompted to select two outline positions. These positions will be used
as the reference points to automatically generate wall strings for you. Therefore it
makes sense to select the two points at the left and right hand corner of the arch.
You will be prompted to reply if you are happy with the outline points you have
selected. Choose Yes and Exit from the X-Sectional Tool. You will now find that
you are able to select the 5x5 Arch from the drop down list when nominating your X
Sectional Shape.
13. To finish, nominate the following:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
40
Orebody_XCut
Vent Raise
Vent_XCut
Orepass:
Segment Length
By scrolling to the right of the main Design Definition form, you will notice that there is
allowance to enter in a scheduling constraint, rate and segment distance.
The default scheduling constraint is ASAP (As Soon As Possible). The option of As Late As
Possible (ALAP ) is also available.
14. Change the Description field, so that each different activity type has both a 2-3
character code as well as the description of the activity. (This is important to ensure
the naming convention works properly, as will be discussed in more detail later).
15. Enter the Scheduling rates and Segment distances as per the above form. Please note
that the Scheduling rate is the nominal rate that will be exported to your scheduling
package. Therefore it is a good idea to select a sensible figure for each design type.
A segment distance of 10 will cause your design strings to broken into 10m segment
intervals for wall and wireframe creation. A segment distance of -1 will cause your
design strings to be maintained with no segment distance being used while a segment
distance of -2 will cause your design strings to be broken into two halves etc
The segment distances you choose will affect the sequencing rules in later chapters.
The advanced options are for integration with the Earthworks Rings package.
16. Select Connect to save and continue.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
41
PREPARATION
Design Menu
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
42
Preparation Menu
The functions available through the vertical Design | Design Definitions | Preparation
Menu allow the user to apply the attributes defined in the Project Setup to the design. These
functions can also be accessed from the Planning | Preparation Menu.
The preparation area is also where the user creates Design, Defined and Derived activities.
Design activities are those defined in your Design Definition table, such as ramp
development and stoping.
Derived activities are activities that can be based on a Base activity. For example,
longhole drilling metres can be derived from your base activity of stoping.
Mine2-4D Projects
43
Visual Manual Attributes: rarely used, except in situations where it is useful to recolour the design items based on the application of the attribute.
Non- visual manual attributes: the most common. Attributes are applied to the
design item manually.
Automatic: attributes are automatically assigned to the design items from 2D string
files or 3D wireframe files.
Scheduler Entered: attributes are created in EPS and applied to design items after
the schedule has been generated.
Return to the Project Setup area and define the following under the Attributes menu:
This ensures that every design string in Mine2-4D has the following attributes associated with
it:
LEVEL Numeric code field.
Once this attribute has been defined, select the Design | Design Definitions | Preparation
Menu. You are now able to start defining the attributes.
Mine2-4D Projects
44
2. Select the 660 level Orebody XCut, Orepass_XCut and Vent_XCut strings.
From the drop-down list available in the Set Attribute Value form, select the
660 value (as previously defined in the User Manager | Options | Attribute
List). Select the Set Selected button to apply this attribute value to the
selected strings in the Design Window.
3. Repeat the process for the 680 and 700 level strings. (Do not apply any value
for the decline or ventilation rise). Upon completion, you should see the
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
45
following, the - value indicating absent values for the LEVEL attribute on
some of the design strings.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
46
Wall and point generation occurs under the Design | Design Definitions | Preparation
Menu. These functions can also be accessed from the Planning | Preparation Menu.
Each activity in Mine24D is in someway represented by a physical location in space and other
associated data. Wall and point
creation takes the mine design as an input and converts it
over to a wall string
and point for each activity. During the process the following tables are
created:
walls_all_[]
evald[] - dummy evaluation containing "estimated" values for metres and tonnage.
As the Future_Infrastructure project consists of only a fxs design, it will only be necessary to
generate walls and points for this design type.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
47
1. Toggle ON the option to Create a single outline of each design string if you
wish to create an additional output file, outd0.dm, containing one continuous
outline for each design string.
2. Select OK. Wall strings will then be generated for each segment (according to
the segment size defined in the Design Definitions form) and saved to the
wallsd0.dm file:
.
You should also note that each segment is represented by a single point
(displayed as an arrow). The starting segment for each string is represented
by a green point, the middle segment by a yellow point, the end segment by a
red point and all other segments as blue points.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
48
Preparation
This stage can also be accessed from the Design Menu, and has been dealt with in the
previous chapter.
Mine2-4D Projects
49
Reporting
A major aspect of Mine2-4D is its ability to communicate your design and schedule to others.
Mine2-4D has a set of reporting tools that enable the user to communicate the design in a
range of ways, from detailed costing numbers through to 3D animations.
1. For this exercise, we are only going to be wireframing our fixed cross sectional
strings. Therefore select the Fixed Cross Sectional button. At the following
dialog, select OK.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
50
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
51
1. Select the Evaluate Design button, and OK. As this is the first time you have
processed any data using the resmod.dm model, you will be required to first
run through the Block Model Validation Wizard.
This wizard helps validate your model, to ensure there are no absent or
negative values for any of the model fields. It also allows you to delete any
unnecessary fields in an effort to reduce overall file size and processing time.
2. As CU is the only grade field you are interested in evaluating, delete all
remaining fields from the model by toggling off the option to include them in
the Output Model.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
52
3. As soon as the model validation has finished, select Finish to allow the
evaluation process to begin.
Upon completion, an Interrogation Report will be displayed. This report
highlights those wireframes that have a large volume discrepancy between the
dummy volume (calculated volume) and evaluation volume (evaluated against
the block model).
4. If you have toggled on the option to Display the report grid on completion you
will have the following Data Reporting screen displayed at the end of the
evaluation processing:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
53
5. This screen can be displayed at all times by selecting the Tools | Reporting |
Project option from the menu.
6. Experiment with the group by columns option that is available by dragging the
column header to the grey grid area at the top of the form. A variety of
actions can also be performed on the data by selecting from the Column |
Action options available from the left hand side of the form. For example, in
the form below the data has been grouped according to the M4DESC field and
the metres have been summed for each different occurrence of M4DDESC.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
54
SEQUENCING
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
55
Position
Throughout the Automatic Dependency Definitions dialog, the term "Position" is used to
represent a location on a design string. Four positions types are available - START, END, MID
and ANY.
ANY - includes any point from strings with the specified description, including Start,
End and Mid-points (denoted by green, red, yellow or blue point).
Search Origin
Mine2-4D uses the Search Origin to define where to focus a search for Predecessors or
Successors. The user must select the description of the string and the position on the string
to centre the search radius.
Note: at least one of the Predecessor or Successor fields must match the
description of the Search Origin. If this is not the case no automatic linking
will take place.
Predecessor/Successor
Position Overrider
The Position Overrider is effective when there is ambiguity within the search criteria. The
following example illustrates one of these cases.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
56
Position Scenario
Headings "B" and "C" represent two active cut and fill stopes. The distance from the start
activity of "A" to the END activity of B is roughly 50m. The distance from the END activity of
B to C's END activity is 5 m. The search radius that would need to be created in order to
encapsulate B's END point would be so large, that C's END point would most likely be within
the sphere'. There could likely be other END points of B or C on a different elevation. The
Position Override would allow a much smaller search radius to be used. The ANY position
point combined with the END Override Position would first find the nearest (ANY) B point, yet
Override to the END point for linking.
In addition to the standard type of Overrider it is also legitimate to supply an integer value.
This will override the join by that number of segments. This can be particularly useful when
trying to ensure that faces are kept a certain distance from each other. If the number of
segments goes past the last segment of the parent string, the override will not be performed.
Negative values are also supported, however, if the position goes beyond the start of the
parent string, no override will be performed.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
57
Type Examples
The FS option will be the link used most often. The FF is an effective tool, as it will ensure
two items complete simultaneously. It is important that this link is only be used with a total
understanding of global efforts since it can cause problems if used incorrectly.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
58
Constrained (+ve Z) - This option allows the user to narrow the defined azimuth to
an elevation greater than that of the Search Origin's activity
Constrained (-ve Z) - This option allows the user to narrow the defined azimuth to
an elevation less than that of the Search Origin's activity
ORIGIN is how the user wants the search to be oriented, and is also subdivided. This option
allows the user to be more specific with the desired searching area with different options
available when using STANDARD vs. DEFINED AZIMUTH for the METHOD. As the user
selects the ORIGIN, the SEARCH AZIMUTH and SEARCH DIP cells will toggle between white
and grey. Grey indicates that input is not required. This deals with the four categories
classified as:
o
STANDARD method
o
USER DEFINED This option should be selected when the user wishes to
define the MAIN Azimuth and Dip of the perspective from the Search Origin's
activity
DESIGN AZIMUTH - This option should be selected when the user wishes to
simply define the MAIN Dip, while using the design's existing Azimuth
DESIGN DIP - This option should be selected when the user wishes to simply
define the MAIN Azimuth, while using the design's existing Dip
DESIGN AZIMUTH & DIP This option should be selected when the user is
satisfied using the design's existing Azimuth and Dip
DEFINED AZIMUTH method requires the user to input the two azimuths "1" and "2" (in
the Automatic Dependency Definitions box), from the Design or MAIN, which are
to be searched between. The following schematics clearly show examples of different
possibilities.
o
USER DEFINED This option should be selected when the user wishes to
define the MAIN Azimuth and Dip, as well as dictating the search Azimuth
DESIGN AZIMUTH - This option should be selected when the user wishes to
input only the Dip, while satisfied with using the design Azimuth
DESIGN DIP - This option should be selected when the user wishes to input
only the Azimuth, while satisfied with using the design Dip
DESIGN AZIMUTH & DIP This option should be selected when the user is
satisfied using the design's existing Azimuth and Dip
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
59
The SEARCH RADIUS DIVISORS dictate the size and shape of the search extents. The Y-axis
will be the Design Azimuth unless otherwise specified by the user. The X and Z-axis units can
be manipulated to produce a shape other than a sphere. For example, if the RADIUS is set to
25 and the X, Y, and Z parametres are all set to 1, a sphere with a search radius of 25 would
be created. Because of the DIVISOR's nature, the value will be divided by the RADIUS to
produce a search radius for that axis. For example, with the RADIUS set to 25, and the X and
Y parametres are set to 1 with the Z parametre set to 2, an ellipsoid with a 25m radius for the
X and Y axis with a 12.5m (25/2) radius for the Z axis will be created.
By clicking on
the activity points will be annotated with the Description given in the
Design Definitions.
Pressing the Generate button will result in the dependencies being created.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
60
3. Note that the search radius required will depend heavily on the segment distance used
in the Design Definitions form. As the Ramp was originally assigned a segment
distance of 10m, this also makes sense for the initial search radius.
4. As soon as you are satisfied with the first automatic Sequence rule you have created,
select the Process button. The following screen will then appear:
5. Adjust the animation interval to 300 and select the Animate button. Your sequence
will be animated in the Design Window. Links will be displayed as bright purple
stings that are easily distinguished.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
61
6. The initial sequence rule should result in three sequence links being generated.
7. Once you are satisfied with the effect of your single rule creation, select OK and return
to the Automatic Sequence Generator. Build up the remaining three rules you
require to sequence the entire future infrastructure process. If you encounter
problems, you may wish to refer to the completed rules overleaf.
8. Select Process and re-run the animation. If your rules are correct, you will have
created 11 automatic dependencies.
Sequencing Troubleshooting
If you are not happy with the sequencing, you can use the Sequence, Filter, AutoLink and
Checks menus to help troubleshoot. If the problem is that one of your rules is unsuitable,
select OK and return to the Automatic Rule Generator to resolve. You may find that you
actually need to return and edit your design string directions or actual design strings in order
to streamline the process.
If the problem is a single one-off instance that could be fixed by the addition of a small
number of manual links, you may prefer to use the Dependencies area to add a manual
dependency. You can do this by selecting the
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
button.
62
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
63
Exercise 2 Scheduling
Once you are satisfied with the sequencing, you are able to move onto the Scheduling area.
The Scheduling tab allows for the export/import of the visual schedule into the Earthworks
Production Scheduler (EPS) for further refinement. For this exercise, we will be using a blank
EPS template. Therefore select the Sequence Export button, to see the following dialog:
It is possible to select settings for EPS in the Project Setup of Mine2-4D. In this exercise we
are simply going to export the raw data.
1. Select OK to start the exporting process. This may take a few minutes.
2. Once complete, select the Open Selected Scheduler button. You should see the
following displayed on your screen:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
64
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
65
10
AN INTRODUCTION TO EPS
Date Bar
Task Table
Gantt Chart
Date Bar
Crosstab Table
The EPS interface consists of a Task Table, Gantt Chart, Crosstab and Date Bar.
The Gantt Chart area of the application shows a view of the schedule information contained
within the Task Table. When dependencies are created this information is stored in the Task
Table. The scheduling engine calculates Start and Finish dates for the activities and the
associated Gantt Bars are shown in the Gantt Chart
The Crosstab then has the ability to show the information from the Task Table (both custom
and fixed fields) in the associated Date Bar column. In addition, filters may be applied to this
information for more advanced reporting.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
66
Resources
EPS contains a number of tools for resource management and levelling. When a resource is
defined, it is necessary to apply a default production rate. This can be a single default value
or it can refer to a lookup table, allowing the resource different rates based on the
characteristics of the activity.
It is also possible to apply availabilities to a resource and costs to track economic information.
Project Settings
Each schedule or project can contain large amounts of data. Effective formatting, lookup
tables and targets are necessary with complex projects to allow you to effectively schedule.
These are defined in the Project Settings as shown below.
Calendars allow you to have specific working periods for different activities and resources to
reflect the reality of the project. Filters assist managing the large quantities of data inherent
in a complex schedule. The creation of new Production Fields allows you to generate data
from existing data using equations (eg weighted grade of a block) and filters.
As well as production fields, you can create Text Fields and Code Fields to define lists of
possible code categories for the project. Summary Fields can also be created to assist in
reporting from the Crosstab.
Targets can be set to anticipated values for defined fields to assist in tracking (not
optimization). Targets can be projected over time and can be allocated high and low values if
fluctuations are expected. Targets are defined to alter the colour of the relevant fields being
reported in the Crosstab to indicate whether above or below the target range. Any field can
be used to set a target.
Production Lookup Tables can be defined to apply changes in resource rates depending on
time or values of any fields.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
67
2. By default the project start date will be set to todays date. To alter to the project
start date, go to Project | Settings |Target Start and enter 1 July 2008.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
68
Note A naming convention is a very useful way of being able to group your
data.
3. Select the [Rollup Description] item from the Grouping drop-down list.
4. Highlight all of the data in the Task Table by clicking in the grey header area of the
field.
5. Next select the Roll Up Button
6. To view Summary Bars for the entire Task Table, highlight the Description field and
click the Hide Subtasks button.
This is especially useful for the printing of project data - it can greatly reduce the amount of
visible information while still providing an overall duration for the completion of tasks.
2. Select the Chart Options menu. Next select the Blank Page icon to create a new
Crosstab. Assign this crosstab the name Summary.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
69
4. Scroll across, and apply the Crosstab to all Filtered Tasks. You may also want to adjust
the decimal spacing reported in the Crosstab.
5. To view the same Crosstab data, but in histogram format, right click in the Crosstab
area and select Chart Options | General and toggle on Histogram of totalled fields.
Mine2-4D Projects
70
2. Assign the filter the name Ramp, and assign the expression
Description = Ramp.
Toggle ON the Show related Summary Tasks option.
3. Create additional filters for the Orepass, Orebody_XCut, Vent_XCut and Orepass_XCut
development. Remember to toggle on the Show Related Summary Tasks option for
each filter.
1. To do this, simply type the resource name in o the CrossTab. Double click on the item
to open up the Resource Information form.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
71
2. Enter in 6/d as the Default Production Rate. (The units are automatically taken from
the activity to which the resource is applied).
3. To assign the resource to a task, first select the task/s in the task table. Select Edit |
Assign Resource or <Cntrl-A> to assign the resource, and Tools | Resource
Levelling | Level Now to level the tasks according to the resource.
4. Finally, select File | Save to save the EPS project to the working directory. (This file
is copied back into the C:\Database\Training\Future_Infrastructure folder when
the Mine2-4D project is checked back in).
5. Select File | Save As to save the file as Template.ext
C:\Database\Training\M24D\Underground\CommonData
folder.
template will be used for data exporting in later exercises.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
to
72
the
This
11
REPORTING
Evaluation
The first area, Evaluation, is used to create reports on either the actual design or on the
project. Reports on the actual design can be conducted by clicking on the Design Stats
button, or alternatively on the project by clicking the Project Reporting button.
Properties
The second area, Properties, allows specific colours to be applied to parts of the design.
Under Legend Definitions, the user is able to setup legends for colouring the evaluated
objects. The Colour Objects button is used to apply the defined legends to actual objects in
the schedule.
Schedule
The final part of the form, Schedule, allows specific colours to be applied to different parts of
the design schedule and for the final schedule to be viewed in 3D as an animation. The
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
73
colours for the schedule are defined by pressing the button Schedule Colouring
Definitions, while the animation can be viewed by pressing the 3D Animation button.
Step 3: create animation.
1. Select the Get Schedule Stats button in order to read the schedule file and fill in the
Schedule Statistics. This provides feedback on the start and end dates of the schedule
and the length of the schedule.
2. To create a new colouring definition, click New and assign a name for the definition.
In this instance we will be creating a monthly schedule legend, so name the colour
definition MONTH.
3. Right clicking on the grid (grey area), to Add a single record to the definition. (If you
make a mistake, the option Delete Current will delete the selected record).
4. Next use the Generate Recurrences button to automatically create recurring
intervals. For this exercise, generate monthly intervals until the schedule end.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
74
5. You can edit the resulting colours by clicking on each colour and selecting an
alternative from the drop-down menu. The colours correspond with the standard
Mine2-4D Design Window colours.
6. Once you are happy with the schedule legend, colour your solids using the following
button:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
75
7. This step will create the wireframe files schedwall_all_0tr/pt.dm. (You have the
provision to rename these files by typing over the default in the Save As dialog).
8. In addition, if you select the Break FXS to Schedule this option will re-generate the
wall outlines according to your schedule. This option is invaluable when generating
Budget, LoM, Monthly rolling plans etc.
9. You can create a psuedo wall-string or wireframe animation from within this dialog if
required. For this exercise, select Exit and we will use the 3D Animation dialog as
part of the next exercise.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
76
Select OK to continue.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
77
5. To view the animation, right click in the Visualizer Window and select the Start
Animation option.
6. To save a copy of your animation, right click in the Design Window and choose
Publish Animated Visualizer View. This will save your animation as a .gvp file but
without any annotation text. Alternatively, if you choose the Visualisation|Publish
Animated Visualizer View option from the Visualisation Menu, your animation will
be saved WITH text annotation.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
78
12
Import drillhole data files of various types, and from various different sources,
including text files, SQL/ODBC database tables, spreadsheets, other third party
formats and Datamine files.
Graphically interrogate the drillhole data in section or 3D views. All views are
dynamically linked so that samples selected in any one view are selected in all linked
views.
Insert plot items like text boxes, coordinate grids, scale bars, tables and title blocks
which automatically adjust as you change the position, orientation and scale of plot
sheets.
Import and format other 3D objects from CAD drawings and other 3D data sources
using the Earthworks Data Source Drivers.
Select different paper sheet sizes, orientations, margins and scales for each view
type, all within the same document.
Use Page Layout mode to display and interactively edit page borders, sheet
margins, plot frames, coordinate grids, plot items and parameter profiles.
Ensures that Present can be used with any user selected database management
system, spreadsheet program or text tables.
Ensures that all plots accurately reflect the master data files because plots are
dynamically linked to the source data files.
Saves you time in managing project documents and updating project plots when
project data is added or edited.
Document Wizard
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
79
Probably the simplest and easiest way to start using Earthworks Present is to use the
Document Wizard. The Document Wizard steps you through the initial stages of building a
new project including:
o
Importing drillhole data such as collar coordinates, surveys, assays, and other
downhole logs and then use the data to create desurveyed drillhole traces.
Checking the imported data for possible errors and displaying the results in the report
view.
block
When Earthworks Present starts, the Startup dialog gives you the opportunity to
check the Document Wizard radio button.
The document wizard starts automatically whenever you select the New command
from the File menu.
2. The next menu you see will be a welcome page, press the Next > button to
start loading the data.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
80
3. Set the prompts in the Import Data Types menu to match those in the
image below and press the Next > button to continue.
4. The next menu will be titled Import String/Polyline Tables. Press the
Add button and when prompted set the Driver Category and Data type
settings to match those in the image below and then press the OK button.
5. When prompted with the Open Source File (Datamine String) menu, make
sure the Files of Type is set to All Files.
Mine2-4D Projects
81
Description
Wireframe/Surface
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
82
Import
Tables
Wireframe/Surface
As before
Import
Tables
Wireframe/Surface
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
83
4. Note that these steps are only done once. Once the links are set up and the project
has been saved your sections will automatically reflect the content of your current
mining database.
3. Press the OK button to continue and answer Yes to the prompt asking if you want to
rescale all plot items.
4. Select the Format | Grid option from the pulldown menus.
annotation to that displayed in the image below.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
84
5. In the Grid menu click on the Font button below the text settings. In the Font menu
leave the Font: and Font style: settings set to the default values and change the Size:
value to 12. Press the OK buttons to close the two menus.
6. Select the View | Property Windows | Workspace and Properties options.
2. Press the padlock symbol next to the scale menu to fix the scale at 1:500 for all Plan
views.
3. To set the clipping to 25 metres using the pull down clipping menu in the top left hand
corner.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
85
Try using these commands to understand how they work. Help on what each
command does is available by placing the mouse cursor over the relevant icon or
using the F1 key.
2. To step through the sections try using the 2 arrow icons in the top rack of icons.
3. MAKE SURE THE SECTION IS SET TO 45300 mE BEFORE STARTING THE NEXT
EXERCISE.
4. Select the item called Plan Projection Section Level 700 in the Workspace Window
(located in the left of the screen).
5. The properties window (located in the right of the screen) will now display a list of
properties relating to the Plan View. Make Sure that the Section Mid-point Easting,
Northing and Level details are as follows:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
86
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
87
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
88
2. Click in the cell containing the text Plan Projection Section Level 700.00 using the right
mouse button and select the Insert Row option. Adjust the cell heights and position
of the title box to match the image below.
3. Remove the text from the second cell and add the text Wanabe Mining NL to the
uppermost cell. These edits can be made by right clicking in each cell and selecting
the Cell Contents option.
4. Use the Insert | Scale Bar to add a scale bar to the cell below the main title.
Similarly use the Insert | Clip Art option to add the company logo to the right of the
title. The logo is stored in C:\Windows\coffebean.bmp.
5. Your title box should look similar to the following. You will need to modify both the
cell sizes and font sizes to get a result similar to the image below.
You will have noticed some lines of text are hard coded while others as set as Fields such as
the section easting. By using fields some of the title box text will change as each new section
is displayed. Try stepping through a few sections.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
89
13
3. Enter a name for your plot in the Session box, and select the default plot
Metric_QuickPrint.eprv. (
Mine2-4D stores all Present template files in the directory C:\Program
Files\Earthworks\Mine2-4D\Present. The file extension .eprv is used to
distinguish between a Present template file and a standard Present file.
4. Press NEW to continue.
5. When Present opens, your plot should look similar to the following:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
90
900.0 E
1900.0 N
1900.0 N
1800.0 N
1800.0 N
1700.0 N
1700.0 N
900.0 E
Date: 02/10/05
Section 1 of 1
Time: 17:04
Any changes made to the plot can be added to the template by saving the Present file with
the extension .eprv to the C:\Program Files\Earthworks\Mine2-4D\Present directory.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
91
14
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
92
3. In the Browse For Folder dialog, find and select the folder the 660 Level within the
C\Database\Training\M24D\Underground folder note that this location will
depend upon where the training data has been placed)
4. Enter a name for the new project ie: 660Level, then click OK. The project should
automatically be created and then checked out by the system and executed on your
computer. (Warning: you may need to select or enter license details at this stage.)
4. Select the Create Naming Convention to enable the naming convention menu.
5. Select the Create Additional Attributes to enable the attributes menu.
6. Select the Interrogate Geological Model to enable the interrogation menu,
depletion menu and the design evaluation process.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
93
Exercise 3 - Interrogation
1. For the 660 Level, we want to ensure that all the fixed-cross section development
wireframes are depleted from the model PRIOR to evaluating the complex solid
wireframes. To do this, setup the model interrogation form as follows:
The degree of subcelling that is specified will have an impact on both the processing
time and percentage error of the reported volumes. An increased degree of subcelling
will reduce the percentage error of the reported volumes, as the depleted model cells
will be able to more closely follow the depleted design outline. However increased
subcelling will also increase processing time.
In order to get an indication of the degree to which both will be affected, you are able
to use the Splitting Tool.
Mine2-4D Projects
94
3. The point at which the volume error is reduced without an excessive increase in
processing speed should give you an indication of the subcelling amount to use in the
Geological interrogation. For this exercise, a subcelling of 8 gives us the same relative
accuracy without any significant increase in processing time.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
95
External Data
External Data will not be used during this exercise. For reference, it allows property and
attribute fields evaluated within Mine2-4D to be over-written by external data sources (such
as spreadsheets etc).
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
96
Attributes are used to carry additional information about activities, much the same as a
column of data in a spreadsheet. They may then be used in filtering, to provide 'pointers' to
different areas in the mine and to create the naming convention for each activity.
Examples of Attributes:
Zone to define different geological zones within the mine or different climate zones
(indicating areas that require greater ventilation).
Support to define areas within the mine that require different levels of ground
support.
Almost anything can be added as an attribute, and as such, attributes should be applied on
the basis that they will increase the level of understanding of the design and add to the
quality of information gained from the schedule.
It should be warned that excessive use of attributes can prove to be time
consuming in their application and in the end may simply create greater
confusion than clarity.
Exercise 7 Properties
1. As per the initial Future_Infrastructure project, define CU as a Property to ensure that
it is evaluated during the Solids and Evaluation stage.
2. Check that the Weight for CU is on Mined Tonnes. This ensures that results are
reported as a weighted average grade with Mined Tonnes as the weighting.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
97
Question: What is the difference between the Insitu, Mined, Depleted and Void
Volumes?
The Insitu Volume is the volume of the original wireframe shape before depletion. (The
reported Insitu volume for any wireframe should be the same as that reported by running the
wireframe-volume command (wvo)).
Alternatively, the Mined Volume is the volume of the un-depleted model within the
wireframe. Therefore the Mined Volume will not contain any depleted material or any void
material. The Mined Volume can be depleted in two ways:
With design-depletion where the design development is depleted from the block model
prior to evaluation of the stoping areas. This type of depletion is defined in the
Project Setup under Geological Interrogation.
Mine2-4D Projects
98
For more information on the base properties that are created in Mine2-4D, please refer to
Appendix A.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
99
2. The order of entries in the Naming Convention setup can be easily modified with the
use of the arrow buttons on the right of the dialog.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
100
It is possible to build an EPS template from within Mine2-4D by altering the settings within
the Scheduler menu. Be aware that more complex EPS templates are better managed from
within EPS!
For this exercise, we are going to use the EPS Template created in the earlier exercises.
1. Within the Current Scheduling Project | Scheduler Setup File Location, browse
to the Template.ews file that was created and saved to the folder
C:\Database\Training\Mine2-4D\Common Data.
2. Select a Target Start date of 1 July 2010.
3. This completes the Project Setup options for the 660 Level. Select OK to exit from
the dialog whilst saving settings.
Exercise 10 Design
Now that the Project Setup has been completed for the 660 Level, it is necessary to repeat
the design processes that were used on the Future_Infrastructure project. Please be aware
that prior to creating wall strings and solids it will be necessary to spend some time observing
the 660 level data and possibly making changes to the design types and string attributes.
The following pages list the steps to follow and contain several images of examples of how to
set up the data:
Design Editing The first step is to load the development string data (660sill.dm) into the
Design Window.
1. Check the direction of the strings, and ensure that the green Cross Cut string is
flanked on both sides by red Primary drives. You may find that it is necessary to edit a
number of your Primary and Secondary drives to ensure the design is practical. If you
are familiar with your menu or short cut keys, feel free to use these items.
Alternatively, you can use the Design Editing dialog available from the Design |
Design Editing section of the Vertical Menu.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
101
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
102
Exercise 11 Preparation
1. Use the Preparation Non Visual Attributes dialog to assign the attribute LEVEL =
660 to all strings in the 660sill.dm and 660stope.dm files.
2. Preparation Generate walls and points. This step needs to be carried out for
both your fixed cross sectionals AND complex solids.
Wall generation for your complex solids consists of drawing a centerline that connects
the centre-of-gravity points for each complex solid wireframe. The direction of this
stope centerline is taken to be the direction of mining. As the 660 level
consists of two-string section wireframes only, the wall generation does not create any
centerlines, but only single-point references.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
103
to
3. To create complex solid wireframes, first nominate the wireframe linking method you
wish to choose and then select AutoLink All.
4. Check the actual wireframes shapes that are generated using the Autochange and
Auto Visualise toggles.
The proportional length method is recommended for this example but different
wireframe data will respond better to different methods. Straight geometric shapes
appear to work best with the proportional length method. More complex shapes can
respond better to either the minimum surface area or equi-angular shape methods.
If you notice that any of your wireframes have been generated incorrectly, you will
need to manually edit the results.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
104
the
button to generate tag strings to assist your wireframe creation.
AutoLink Current Stope to wireframe an individual stope shape.
Use
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
105
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
106
2. In Project Setup, create a new property to describe the derived backfill volume you
are about to define.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
107
3. Select the Dependency Layers option from the bottom of the Scheduler section in
Project Setup and define a separate dependency colour for Backfill. This will be used
during the automatic sequence generation to differentiate between sequence links.
4. Still in project setup, use the newly created filter and properties to define the Backfill
Activity as follows:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
108
5. You will need to scroll to the right and choose a colour for you derived activity walls.
(Grey).
6. Select OK.
7. There is no need to re-create your walls and solids for your designed activities, but the
following steps are essential:
a. Generate the wall strings for your derived activities by selecting the Generate
Derived Activities button from the Preparation Tab in Mine2-4D. (There is
no need to create solids for our derived activity as we did not choose a
wireframe colour during the Project Setup).
b. Update the evaluated Backfill properties by selecting Generate Derived
Activities from the Evaluation tab):
8. Edit sequencing rules. (See overleaf for examples). For this exercise, assume that
backfilling in each Primary Stope will occur 2 days after stoping has finished.
Development in the Secondary Drives cannot commence until 5 days after the
completion of filling activities in all adjacent Primary Stopes.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
109
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
110
Exercise 15 - Reporting
To complete the project, export the data to EPS and create a 3-D animation, using the
following steps. (For more information, refer to notes for the Future_Infrastructure project).
1. Sequence Export (selecting the Use Template check box)
2. Open Selected Scheduler
3. Synchronise Scheduler Objects
4. Reporting - Schedule Colouring and Create Animations
3. Right click on the grey grid area and Add Records in order to build the following
Legend:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
133
6. Select the drop down button to the left of the <Default> entry to select the newly
created legend CU.
7. The 3D solids will now be coloured according to the grade legend defined:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
134
8. When you are satisfied, select File | Exit to close Mine2-4D and return to the Design
Manager.
9. You will notice that the 660 Level project is still checked-out on your system. You
should check the project back in by right-clicking on the project then selecting Check
In and entering an appropriate comment.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
135
15
The Project Cascader can also be accessed directly from the Mine2-4D Systray.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
136
In the Project tab, select the previously created 660level Mine24D Project (located in C:\
Database \ Training \ M24D \ Underground \ 660Level).
Checkboxes are available to select the cascade tables that you wish to copy from the selected
project:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
137
Be aware that if you toggle on the FXS Design Table Rule, you will actually
copy the design strings from one project to another.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
138
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
139
Appendix A:
The values contained in the Base properties fields vary depending upon whether a Geological
Evaluation has been performed or not.
If a Geological Evaluation has NOT been performed, the Base Properties will be stored in the
evald table. (The d indicates that they are the dummy values. These are so named as they
have not been obtained from a geological evaluation against a block model). Should you
perform a Dummy Export to scheduler, these are the values that will appear in the
Scheduler.
The values in the evald table are obtained as follows:
Field
Outlines
Complex Solids
Metres
Always set to 0
Area
Always set to 0
Insitu Tonnes
Metres * Density
Area * Height
Density
Tonnage
Factor
Grade Factor
Mined Tonnes
Insitu Tonnes
Insitu Tonnes
Insitu Tonnes
Mined Volume
Insitu Volume
Insitu Volume
Insitu Volume
Void Volume
Depleted
Volume (If
selected by the
user)
Insitu Volume
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
140
If a Geological Evaluation has been performed, the evalg table is created. This contains the
results of the Geological Evaluation. The evald table is untouched and still retains the original
values before the geological evaluation.
The fields in the evalg table take on a slightly different value depending on how the
Geological Interrogation is performed. The following diagram illustrates the most complicated
Geological Interrogation scenario:
Assume that in this example depletion has been performed. The Depleted Segment has
already been interrogated and then depleted from the block model. If we now consider the
interrogation of the remaining solid represented by the red outline, we have the following
terms:
Model Volume: - Volume of geological block model contained within the Solid.
Depleted Volume: - Volume of previously depleted solids.
Void Volume: - Entire volume of solid being evaluated less the model volume and depleted
volume - ie that volume that has no Block Model cells within it.
The definition of the values in the evalg table after the geological evaluation has been
performed is therefore as follows:
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
141
Field
Metres
Area
Insitu Tonnes
Insitu Volume
Density
Tonnage Factor
Grade Factor
Mined Tonnes
Mined Volume
Void Volume
Depleted Volume (If
selected by the user)
The Default Density refers to the Density as defined in the Project Setup | Default
Values table. The Model Density, which exists as a standard field called DENSITY, is always
used in preference to the Default Density should it exist in the model.
The project database will always contain the above values for the base properties. It is
possible to over-write these values through the use of formula in this case the project
database will retain the original values and the EPS Scheduler will contain the newly
calculated values.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
142
Appendix B:
During the Mine2-4D processes the following Mine2-4D tables are created:
walld[]
wallf[]
walls[]
walls_all_[]
combined file containing the wall strings for all the design types
Assuming that the d[], f[] and s[] and all_[] suffixes are used throughout Mine2-4D, the
following main tables are created for each design type as they are defined in the Project
Setup:
points*
wall*
out*
a 3D string outline for each complete fxs design string (only created if create
single outline is toggled on during fxs wall creation)
wre*
sched_wre* a 3d solid for each activity, honouring the schedule colouring definition defined
during the reporting process.
tag*
link*
evald[]
tonnage.
evalg[]
All of these tables are linked on SEGMENT. This is a unique identifier that is exported to the
EPS Scheduler as the ID field.
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
143
Appendix C:
SEGMENT NUMBERING
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
144
M24D Manual 2
Mine2-4D Projects
145