Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kristi Parro
7.12. 2015, Tartu
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fire
Releases most
carbon
(in shortest period)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Insects
Wind
Biggest threat to
people
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pathogens (fungi)
Disturbances in Estonia
Ground fires
Surface fires
Crown or canopy fires
Disturbance impact
Incidence of lightning
Global fires during the years 2008 and 2014 for short periods in the months of August (top image) and February (bottom image),
as detected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite.
earthobservatory.nasa.gov
Fire + Carbon videos
Superficial peatland burning for cultivation in Frisia (Northwest Germany) around 1990. Source:
Freilichtmuseum am Kiekeberg, Harburg County, Germany
Purposely
Preparation for cultivation, facilitating nutrient release (historically,
current practice along equator)
Prescribed (controlled) burning of slash, understory
Accidentally
Cigarettes, bonfires
Careless, irresponsible behavior
1. Ignition source
Q: Why is fire severity higher in wildfires than in controlled fires?
lightning
Human
2. Amount, structure and nature of
the material
species
continuity
3. Weather
4. Topography, site type
Historical burning
Fire extinguishment policy
Climate change?
Absent
Seldom
Infrequent
Often
Moisture
Wet
Poor
Rich
Nutrients
Fire adaption
Sprouting
Small seeds
Serotinous species: species with an ecological adaptation to release seeds in response to
an environmental trigger usually in literature fire (pyriscence)
World:
Europe:
Protaeceae
Pinus
Eucalyptus
P. halepensis
Erica
P. pinaster
Cupressus
P. brutia
Pinus
(P. pinea)
Picea
Cupressus sempervirens
Sequoiadendron
Forest structure
patchy fashion
understory, regeneration, successional pathways
Soil characteristics and processes
e.g. review by Certini, 2005
Gas exchange
Climate? Interaction with other disturbance types? Susceptibility to
subsequent disturbance?
Regeneration:
- 2 fires, in 2008 and in 1992
- Chronosequence
- Old forests = planted or sown pine
- New forest = natural regeneration
- Abundance & height
5 types of areas
1. No management
2. No clearing, D+A
3. Clearing
4. Live trees
5. Dead trees
1. No fire, no management
Regeneration abundance
1. No management
2. No clearing,
D+A
3. Clearing
4. Live trees
5. Dead trees
No regeneration
Abundant
Low
Low
Abundant