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ConfidenceIntervalEstimates
Wecanuseasampleproportiontoconstructaconfidenceintervalofthetrue
valueofpopulationportion.Confidenceintervalconsistofarange(oraninterval)
ofvaluesinsteadofasinglevalue,itgiveusabettersenseofhowgoodanestimate
isandisusedtoestimatethetruevalueofapopulationparameter.
95%confidenceintervalestimateforthemeanstartingcompensationfor
studentsgraduatinginEngineering
Inthisproblemwehaveasamplemeanof60664witha95%confidenceintervalwhich
byusingatwotailedtestgiveustheresulttobelievethatthemeanshouldbein58425and
62903,usingdegreesoffreedomof50andtheareaoftwotailedtestof0.025gaveusthet
criticalvaluesof2.009.
99%confidenceintervalestimateforthetruestandarddeviationofstarting
compensationsforstudentsgraduatinginComputerScience
Becauseweareusing99%confidenceinterval,testingtherightandlefttailsgaveusthe
resultsof27991and79490whichweplugintotheformulaofstandarddeviationforpopulation
parametersandwecameupwithastandarddeviationbetween3667and6179.
90%confidenceintervalestimatefortheproportionofallstudentswithstarting
compensationover$50,000
Using90%confidenceintervalwewereabletoestimatethestarting
compensationover$50,00ofcollegegraduatesarebetween0.38252and0.46948
wecanbesurethat90%willbebetweenthisnumbers.
HypothesisTest
WhatisthemeaningandpurposeofaHypothesisTest?
Hypothesistestisaclaimorstatementaboutapropertyofapopulation,isaprocedurefortesting
aclaimaboutapropertyofpopulation.Thepropertyisoftenthevalueofpopulation
parameter.Isdifferenttypesofhypothesistests:Twotailed,RighttailedandLefttailed.
Twotailedtest:Thecriticalregionisinthetwoextremeregionsunderthecurve.
Lefttailedtest:Thecriticalregionisintheextremeleftregionunderthecurve.
Righttailedtest:Thecriticalregionisintheextremerightregionunderthecurve.
*Somepossibleerrorsforusingthisdataare:
AtypeIerroristhemistakeofrejectingthenullhypothesiswhenitisactuallytrue,(alpha)is
usedtorepresenttheprobabilityofthistypeoferror.
*
TypeIIerrorthemistakeoffailingtorejectthenullhypothesiswhenitisactuallyfalse(beta)
isusedtorepresenttheprobabilityofthistypeoferror.
Onewayinwhichthesamplingmethodcanbeimproveistoreadtheproblemcarefully,
organizeallthedataoranyinformationthatisprovided,valuesandidentifiedwhichsampling
methodisthebestwhichwouldfittheproblemthatwillbeworkingon.
Usea0.05significanceleveltotesttheclaimthatstudentsgraduatinginHumanitiesandSocial
Scienceshaveanaveragestartingcompensationofunder$38,000
InthisproblemwefailtorejecttheclaimHowhichisthatthestudentsgraduatingfrom
HumanitiesandSocialSciencewillhaveastartingcompensationof$38,000
theresultis0.8084whichislessthan38,000.
Usea0.01significanceleveltotesttheclaimthatthe80%ofstudentsgraduatingwithacollege
degreewillfindastartingcompensationpackagevaluedatover$40,000
InthisproblemisfailingtorejecttheclaimofHo,fortheresultsitsupportstheclaimof350
studentswillstartwithacompensationpackageover40,000,
Conditionsfordoingintervalestimatesfor
populationproportions
Conditionsfordoingintervalestimatesfor
populationmean
Thesampleisasimplerandomsample
Thesampleissimplerandomsample
Thereareatleast5successandatleast5
failures
Thepopulationisnormallydistributedor
n>30
Thetrialsareindependent,therearetwo
categoriesofoutcomesandtheprobabilities
remainconstantforeachtrial
Conditionsfordoinghypothesistestfor
populationproportions
Conditionsfordoinghypothesistestfor
populationmeans
Thesampleisasimplerandomsample
Bothsamplesaresimplerandomsamples.
Thetwosamplesareindependent
Thetwopopulationstandarddeviationare
notknown
Eitherorbothoftheseconditionsissatisfied:
Thetwosamplessizesarebothlarge(with
n1>30andn2>30