Name(s) Josh Okyere, Ashton Sano

Period 2
Date 12/10/15

Psychological Disorders Project

Case Study #18
Diagnosis and Explanation
The mental state or disorder for this specific person is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or also
known as PTSD. This mental instability falls under Anxiety. This disorder correlates to the
person in this case study because he starts to feel like they are breathing less and then they
have a flashback to a moment when they were in the hospital and this causes him to start to feel
disoriented and unstable and not controlling of themselves. These symptoms are usually
associated with this disorder.

Behavioral Therapies
Cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the most prominent types of counseling for PTSD. It has
also proven to be one of the most effective forms of counseling in helping the person better help
themselves and change their approach on the disease.

Cognitive Therapies
In cognitive therapy, your therapist helps the person to to change and understand how they
think about the trauma and its aftermath. Throughout this therapeutic approach, the individual
will learn to find the thoughts that make them feel afraid and the therapist will help them replace
those thoughts with less distressing thoughts. They also help them realize that the traumatic
experience was not their fault.

Group Therapies
In group therapies, the individual talks to a group of people that also have PTSD. The more
stories and experiences that are shared increases the comfortability throughout the group.
Group therapies also help build relationships that may last longer than expected and these
relationships help individual cope with the different symptoms and emotions that may be a result
of the disorder itself.

Biological Treatments
Some biological treatments are Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors which are a type of
antidepressant medicine. These inhibitors include Celexa, Prozac and Paxil. These medications
help increase the levels of serotonin in the brain.

Case Study #21

Diagnosis and Explanation
We believe the diagnosis of this disorder is Paranoid Personality disorder. We think this mostly
because the guy in the case study has a constant fear of not killing a single living thing.
Everyday has to check every door, stove, window, toilet, etc. to make sure there is no living
thing injured or about to die. In this disorder it involves odd or eccentric ways of thinking, and a
constant fear of some kind.
Behavioral Therapies
Behavioral Therapy is better suited for Paranoid Personality disorder, but mostly just the
personality disorder side, because it has been proven to be one of the best solutions or close to
cure doctors have gotten back. Behavioral therapies are mainly the chosen cure because
usually these patients wont get prescribed any medication. It mostly helps the patient
understand their disorder.
Cognitive Therapies
Cognitive Therapy is a really good, close to cure for this disorder. It has been proven to help the
patient better understand but also control their disorder. It has also been proven to minimize the
symptoms of this disorder and create less stress, less depression, less hospital visits, etc.
Group Therapies
In Group Therapies the patient is part of a group of people with similar qualities. They talk about
different situations they had that involved them encountering their fear or their disorder. This
therapy has been very successful the majority of the time it is used. Mostly because it is making
them get more comfortable with their disorder by making them relive the event.

Biological Treatments
In this disorder, medications arent really necessary unless their disorder has extreme
symptoms. If they do have extreme symptoms they can get prescribed anti-anxiety,

antidepressant or anti-psychotic drugs. Most of the time these drugs are not necessary,
and most of the time the patients are cured from the therapy treatments.

Case Study #39

Diagnosis and Explanation

This person is suffering from Bipolar disorder. This is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts
in mood, energy, activity levels and the ability to carry out day to day activities. This person
shows this disorder because as it was said in the case study, they have their days when they
feel like they are on top of the world and then on other days they feel useless to the world.
Behavioral Therapies
Behavioral therapies are key when it comes to finding an approach to figuring out ways to
conquer this mood disorder and one of the ways is behavioral therapy. In this type of therapy
the therapist focuses on the mood and behaviors of the person and finds ways to help them
take a better approach toward the disease with their behaviors.
Cognitive Therapies
Cognitive Therapies are pretty common to being apart of curing bipolar disorder. It usually
involves a one on one interaction with a therapist or a group. This therapy is a type that helps
patients get better control of their thoughts, perceptions and behaviors. Most of the time just
finding healthy ways of solving their problems.
Group Therapies
In Group Therapies the patient gets to sort of interact with people that also have bipolar disorder
and it allows them to see that they arent the only one with this disorder it allows them to get
some of the depression off their shoulders and that is without even talking about anything. In
this therapy you can learn how to cope with difficult or uncomfortable feelings, repair your
relationships, manage stress, and regulate your mood.
Biological Treatments
In bipolar disorder using medication is a very important part in solving your problem. In order to
fully or mostly cure your disorder you need a therapy treatment and biological treatment. Usually
with this disorder people take a mood stabilizing medication that help minimize the highs and
lows of bipolar disorder and keep symptoms under control.

References (In MLA format)

Case Study #18

"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." National Institutes of Health. US Department of Health and

Human Services, n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2015. <http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml>.
"Treatment of PTSD." US Department of Veteran Affairs. VA Healthcare, n.d. Web. 14 Dec.
2015. <http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/treatment/therapy-med/treatment-ptsd.asp>.
Case Study #21
"Paranoid Personality Disorder." Web MD. Web MD, 23 May 2014. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/paranoid-personality-disorder?page=2

"How Is Paranoid Personality Disorder Treated?" WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/paranoid-personality-disorder?page=2#2> .

Case Study #39

"Bipolar Disorder." National Institutes of Health. US Department of Health and Human Services,
n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2015. <http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml> .
"Psychotherapy for Bipolar Disorder." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/psychotherapy-bipolar-disorder>.
"Treating Bipolar Disorder." Healthline. Healthline, n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/cognitive-behavioral-therapy> .
"Bipolar Disorder Treatment." HelpGuide. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.helpguide.org/articles/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-treatment.htm> .