19/8/2015

[Tut]Chuynhngxut/nhptrongLinuxUnix/LinuxFOTECH

FOTECH HchnhThicTraoichuynmn Cngnghthngtin Unix/Linux

[Tut]Chuynhngxut/nhptrongLinux
StartedBymrcuongnv,May25200806:02PM

Gilc25May200806:02PM

mrcuongnv

Chuynhngxut/nhptrongLinux
Tcgi:NguynVitCng,OSGColTech(mrcuongnv@yahoo.com)
Hmnaynhnchuyncngihivlmthnochymtlnhmtcch"mthm"tclkhngincigramn
hnh(/mediawiki/index.php/mnhnh)c,mnhvitmtcitutnhvchuynny.Vdarayllnhcurl,
chititvcphplnhthsdng"mancurl"trnLinux(http://www.fotech.org/mediawiki/index.php/Linux)hoc
trnGoogle.
Trcht,tasithngvovnrisaumigiithch.mtlnhchytrongch"mthm"nhvythta
thmonsauvouilnh:

>/dev/null2>&1

Mcthnutamunlmcngvicvilnhcurlthnhsau:

$curlhttp://osg.vnu.edu.vn/>/dev/null2>&1

Vsaolilmth?Du">"cnghag?"/dev/null"lcigmghgmth?"2>&1"lcigmtrngklth?
cnglnhngthcmccamnhkhibcvothgiiLinux/Unix.
1.Giithiu
TrnhuhtcchiuhnhnichungvLinux/Unixniringthc3dngxutnhpchun(I/O)lSTDIN,
STDOUTvSTDERRmchcnngtngngldngnhpchun,dngxutchunvdngxutlichun.Chng
cgilccopenfilevhthnggnchomifilenymtconsgilfiledescriptor.Baconstngngvi3
dngxutnhpchuntrnl0,1v2.Cth:

Quote
standardinput>stdin>0<
standardoutput>stdout>1>
standarderror>stderr>2>

TrongC++th3dngxutnhpchunnytngngvi3itngcin,coutvcerr.
Ch:TrongbitutnythmnhsdngBourneshelltrongdu$thhinuserbnhthngv#thhin
userroot.Tuynhinhuhtnidungtrongbinycthpdngvimtsloishellkhcnhsh,csh,tcsh...Vi
Cchell(csh,tcsh)thkhngsdngccccons(filedescriptor).
2.Xut/Nhp
Trongchcommandlinecahuhtcchiuhnhth"<"dngchochuynhngnhpv">"dngcho
chuynhngxut.Vsaophichuynhng?Vcnhiulctamunktquxutramnhnhclulivomt
filevdliunhpvothayvtbnphmthlitmtfile.
2.1.STDIN

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[Tut]Chuynhngxut/nhptrongLinuxUnix/LinuxFOTECH
STDINchccdngnhpchunnichungvnthngltbnphm.Khichngtagbnphmtclchngta
angnhpvoSTDIN.dliuuvolmtfilethtadngdu"<".Vd,nutadnglnhcatmkhngc
thamsthkhitaggnshinthraci,hayninghnshinthlinhnggtanhpvotinputchun.
Vythgidtacnhinthfile/etc/passwdthngoicchtruynthngl

$cat/etc/passwd

thtacthsdng:

$cat</etc/passwd

hoc

$cat0</etc/passwd

Tisaolicthbs0mchcnngvntngt?lvmikhikhitomtprocessthhthnggnmt
dngnhpchunchoprocessmylSTDINhay0.
2.2.STDOUT

STDOUTlccdngxutchunnichungvnthnglxutramnhnh,racasconsolehocterminal.d
liuuracghivomtfilethtasdngdu">".Vdtamundanhschccfiletrongmtthmccghi
vofiledir.txtthtasdnglnhsau:

$lsal>dir.txt

hoc

$lsal1>dir.txt

Ldovsaocthbs1itngtnhviSTDIN,tclkhikhitomtprocessthhthnggnmtdngxut
chunchoprocessmylSTDOUThay1.
nytacthkthpsdngsongsongSTDINvSTDOUTlmthaotccopyfile.Vdtamunbackupfile
/etc/passwdthtacthlmnhsau:

$cat</etc/passwd>~/passwd.bak

Mudimv0.8 Tt VNI Telex Viqr Tnghp Tng Chnht Bdukiu

mi[Bt/Tt(F9)n/Hin(F8)]

Lnhnytngngvilnh:

$cp/etc/passwd~/passwd.bak

CmtngdngcckcchcavickthpnylchuynifiletextgiaWindowsvUnix.Nhccbnubit
thtrongfiletextcaWindows,vicxungdngcthhinbngcpkt\r\ncntrongLinux/Unixthchl\n.
Aiphicodetrnchaimitrnguthysbttincavicchuyni.Giiphparaylsdnglnh
tr,cthnhsau:

trd'\r'<win.cpp>unix.cpp

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[Tut]Chuynhngxut/nhptrongLinuxUnix/LinuxFOTECH
Lnhnysnhndngnhpchunsauxocckt\rrighiradngxutchun.Dngnhpvdngxuty
cnhhnglintmtfilevghiramtfile.
Tuynhinnudng">"thnidungcafilesbxotrckhighinidungmi.Nutamunnidungmisc
ghinitipvofilethtasdng2dulnhn,tcl">>".Vdnubnmunninidungcathmc/homevo
cuifilepasswd.baktrnthbnlmnhsau:

$ls/home>>~/passwd.bak

ByginutamunlymHTMLcatrangchcaOSGvghivofileosg.htmlthtasdnglnhsau:

$curlhttp://osg.vnu.edu.vn/>osg.html

Thchinlnhtrnccbncthyglkhng?McdmHTMLthayvxutramnhnhmcavofile
osg.htmlnhngvncccthngtinthhintrngthidownloadhinthtrnmnhnh.Lmthnomlic
nhth?Lmthnolnhcurlcmlnghonton?Hisausr

2.3.STDERR

STDERRldngxutlichunnichungvncngthngxuttrctipramnhnh,consolehayterminal.C
phptngtnhSTDOUT,tclsdng">"xutrafilev">>"nivomtfilec(chacthhthngs
ttora).Tuynhinimkhcbitlbnphichrs2,tcl"2>"hoc"2>>".Ldolvchc1dngxutchun
v1dngnhpchunchomiprocessmthngthnghthngchnhlSTDOUTvSTDIN.
Vytrongtrnghpcalnhcurltrongphn2.2trn,nutamunghic2loioutputrafilethtalmnh
sau:

$curlhttp://osg.vnu.edu.vn/>osg.html2>osg.log

Thno?Khngccigxutramnhnhhtngkhng?Vnidungtrangwebcluvofileosg.htmlcn
ccdnglutrngthidownloadcghivofileosg.log.
Nhngththtndunglngavcnguycgyhngavphighifilem.Conngiquthtquthamlam

Vythphisngtoracignhkiucithngkhngyhaygimmiuhnthnl"len"hay"blackhole",
tclmtnimchocigvocngmthtlun.Linux/Unixccichobn,l/dev/null.
2.4./dev/null

TheonhnghatrnWikipedia(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//dev/null)ca/dev/null:

Quote
InUnixlikeoperatingsystems,/dev/nullorthenulldeviceisaspecialfilethatdiscardsalldatawrittentoit(butreportsthatthe
writeoperationsucceeded),andprovidesnodatatoanyprocessthatreadsfromit(itreturnsEOF).InUnixprogrammerjargon,it
mayalsobecalledthebitbucketorblackhole.

Tmdchl:

Quote
TrongcchiuhnhkiuUnix,/dev/nullhaythitbnulllmttptincbit,nbquamidliughilnn(nhngcbo
covvicghidliuthnhcng)vkhngcungcpbtkdliugkhictn(trvEOF).Trongbitngcacclptrnhvin
Unix,nucgil"bitbucket"hoc"blackhole".

Vythchnhlcitacnri.Nhvyculnhcurltrncthchonthchincmlngbngcch:

$curlhttp://osg.vnu.edu.vn/>/dev/null2>/dev/null

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[Tut]Chuynhngxut/nhptrongLinuxUnix/LinuxFOTECH

Khngccigxutramnhnhc,cngkhngccigcghilic.Nhng...linhng,conngivnthamlm,
lmthnocilnhtrnngngnhn,trngtechnicalhn,nichunglaikhngbitthskhnghiug(i
khilcithcadnkthut).Tasdng"2>&1"y,tcl:

$curlhttp://osg.vnu.edu.vn/>/dev/null2>&1

Culnhtrntcldngxutchun(1)sbavo/dev/nullvdnglichun(2)scavodngxutchun
(1)myl/dev/null.
cbitlulvicphpsdngdy&thdu&vdu>phiilinnhau,khngckhongcch.
Ngoiccfiledescriptor0,1,2trnthcnct3>9na.Tuynhinbivitnychdnhchomcnewbienn
khngcpsu,chititccbncthttmhiuthmtrnInternethoctrongccschvlptrnhshell.
3.Pipe
Nhvychngtabitcchchuynhngdngxut/nhpcamtlnhhaymtprocess.Bngcchnytacth
chuyndliuxutcamtlnhthnhdliunhpcamtlnhkhcthngquamtfiletrunggian.Tuynhinta
khngmuncfiletrunggian,mtphnvvicghilnacng,phnkhcldo...tham.chnhlvnm
pipegiiquyt.TrongLinux,tasdngdu"|"lmvicny.
Vdkhitamunxemlinidungthmc/etcnhngktqucanlidiqumtamunxemlithtalmnh
sau

$lsal/etc|more

hoc

$lsal/etc|less

(thotbngphmq).
hoctamunmsusertronghthngcsdngmcnhbashshellthtalmnhsau:

$cat/etc/passwd|grep"/bin/bash"|wcl

Lnhnycnghalanidungfile/etc/passwdradngxutchundngxutchunnythnhdngnhpchun
calnhgrepvlnhnychlcraccdngcchaxu"/bin/bash"aradngxutchundngxutchunny
lithnhdngnhpchuncalnhwclllnhmsdngcadngnhpchunvarasdngradngxut
chuncuicngdngxutchunnyscaratrctipmnhnh(/mediawiki/index.php/mnhnh)vn
khngthnhdngnhpchuncalnhnona.
4.Tiliuthamkho
[1]Google
[2]Wikipedia
Gilc25May200807:56PM

mrcuongnv

Ch:hintingInternet(/mediawiki/index.php/Internet)votrngangctrctrcgnn

curlhttp://osg.vnu.edu.vn/

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[Tut]Chuynhngxut/nhptrongLinuxUnix/LinuxFOTECH
...s"".MingicthdngURLkhcnhlhttp://fotech.org/(http://fotech.org/)chnghn.
Gilc25May200808:37PM

Guest_xuta_*
Ci/dev/nullnyhaypht..................................khoi

Gilc25May200809:06PM

AS

mrcuongnv,onMay252008,05:56PM,said:
Ch:hintingInternet(/mediawiki/index.php/Internet)votrngangctrctrcgnn

curlhttp://osg.vnu.edu.vn/
...s"".MingicthdngURLkhcnhlhttp://fotech.org/(http://fotech.org/)chnghn.

ngleasedlinecatrngbdieanh^^
Gilc25May200809:53PM

mrcuongnv

isphgii,onMay252008,09:06PM,said:
ngleasedlinecatrngbdieanh^^

Lingonri

.Chclcnymtin(/mediawiki/index.php/in)78.
Gilc25May200810:49PM

mrcuongnv

samsung,onMay252008,10:16PM,said:
mrCuongnv:cmnanhvbivitvpipe,emangcntmhiuvcchpipetrongLinux.Anhcthchoemmtsebooklin
quantipipeckhng?Cmnanh!

AnhnghebooksniringvPipelinethchclkhngcu.EmctrongbtcquynschvUnix
(/mediawiki/index.php/Unix)hayLinux(/mediawiki/index.php/Linux)noucnhcnc.Emcththamkho
thmtrnWikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia....iki/Pipe_(Unix)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_%28Unix%29)
Gilc31May200812:10PM

khanh_coltech_k51
Khkh,luluquaylifotechmiccmtbithny.

Gilc31May200805:26PM

mrcuongnv

khanh_coltech_k51,onMay312008,12:10PM,said:
Khkh,luluquaylifotechmiccmtbithny.

Thy""thcnvothngxuyn,chukhpostbivvitTut.nginm

BacktoUnix/Linux

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FOTECH

[Tut]Chuynhngxut/nhptrongLinuxUnix/LinuxFOTECH
HchnhThicTraoichuynmn Cngnghthngtin Unix/Linux

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