Questions and Answers for PT

1. Which of the items listed below is NOT an advantage of the liquid penetrant test method?

A.
B.
C.
D.

2.

The method can find all types of discontinuities

The method is simple in principle and relatively easy to understand.
The method is essentially simple in application.
There are few limitations on the size and shape of the article that can be treated by this method.
When using post-emulsification penetrants, difficulties incurred during the washing operation can be overcome by:
Reapplying a coat of emulsifier
Increasing the water pressure used during the washing operation

A.
B.

Completely reprocessing the part from surface preparation on and by using a longer emulsifier time.

C.

Dipping the part in boiling water

Developer assists in the detection of penetrants retained in the discontinuities by aiding the

D.

3.

Post cleaning process

Emulsification process
Bleed-out process
Drying process
Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled bar stock?

A.
B.
C.
D.

4.
A.
B.
C.
D.

5.
A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

Blow hole
Shrinkage lap
Crack or seam
Lack of penetration
When using a fluorescent, post-emulsifiable penetrant, the length of time the emulsifier is allowed to remain on the part is
critical when detecting shallow scratch like discontinuities. the best length of time should be:
10 seconds
5 seconds
2 to 3 seconds
Determined by experimentation
Which of the following is not a recommended method of removing grease from a surface of a part to be penetrant tested?
Vapor degreasing
Alkaline cleaner
Cleaning with solvent type material
Hot water rinse
When improper processing causes inspection difficulties, what should the inspector do?

A.
B.
C.
D.

7.
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.
A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

Swab parts with a solvent

Use a correct bleed-back procedure
Erase non-relevant fluorescence
Reprocess the part
Which of the following are typical of foreign matter which might block the opening of discontinuities if the surface of the test
specimen is not properly cleaned?
Paint
Scale
Core and mold material
All of the above
Which of the following is a advantage of fluorescent penetrants over visible type penetrants?

A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

The inspection can be carried out in a well lighted area

Small indications are more easily seen
They can be used where contact with water is objectionable
Less sensitive to contamination of discontinuities
Emulsifier time:

A.

Is important but not normally critical

The time needed to rinse the emulsifier and excess penetrant from the surface

B.
C.
D.

11.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Is extremely important and will greatly affect test results.

Should be as long as economically practical
Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in forging?
Shrinkage crack

Lap
Hot tear
Lamination
Aluminum
alloy
test
specimens
that
have
tested by liquid penetrant method should be thoroughly cleaned after testing
12.
because:
A.
The acid in the penetrant may cause severe corrosion
B
The alkaline content of wet developer and most emulsifiers could result in surface pitting, particularly in moist
.
atmospheres.
C.
The toxic residue from the test will severely inhibit the application of paint on aluminum alloys
D.
A chemical reaction between the penetrant and aluminum could cause a fire because of internal combustion.
13. The penetrant indication of a cold shut on the surface of a casting will be:
A.
A dotted or smooth continuous line
B.
A cluster of small indications
C.
A rough deep indication
D.
A large bulbous indication
14. Which of the following statements concerning contaminating materials on the surface of a part to be penetrant tested
is not true?
A
The contaminant may be of a composition that attacks the penetrant and reduces the fluorescent or color of
.
the penetrant
B
The contaminants may be of such a nature that they reduce or even prevent capillary action by the penetrant
.
C.
The contaminant may retain the penetrant and thus increase the sensitivity of the inspection.
D.
The contaminant may completely fill the crack and thus prevent the entry of penetrant
15. Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled plate stock?
A.
Shrinkage cracks
B.
Inclusions
C.
Forging laps
D.
Blow holes
16. When performing a liquid penetrant test using solvent removable dye penetrant, ther are several ways to remove excess
penetrant from the surface of the part. Which of the methods listed belowis generally regarded as most suitable for giving
accurate test results?
A.
Squirting solvent over the surface with no more than 40 psi pressure
B.
Wiping with a soaking wet cloth, then wiping with a dry cloth
C.
Wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, then wiping with dry cloths
D.
Wiping with dry paper wipes, then wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, and finally wiping with dry cloth
When
conducting
a penetrant test , spherical indications on the surface of a part could be indicative of:
17.
A.
Fatigue cracks
B.
Porosity
C.
Weld laps
D.
Hot tears
18. Which of the following discontinuities might be found in a welded fabrication?
A.
Shrinkage
B.
Lack of fusion
C.
Seams
D.
Laps
19. Which of the statements below concerning the operation of the black light bulbs of the mercury arc type is not true?
A
It takes about 5 minutes for the bulb to warm up to its full output when first turned on
.
B.
The lamp may go out if the line voltage drops below 90 volts

C
.
D
.

20.
A.
B
.
C.
D
.

21.
A.
B.
C.
D.

22.
A.
B.
C.
D.

23.

Line voltage variations above 120 volts will have little or no effect on the bulb
If for any reasons the arc is extinguished, the bulb will not immediately respond if the lamp is turned on right
after it has been turned off.
Which of the statements below apply to the liquid penetrant method of testing?
The penetrant test method is less flexible than eddy current test method
The penetrant test method is less reliable than the magnetic particle method for finding surface defects in
ferromagnetic materials.
The penetrant test method will not detect fatigue cracks.
The penetrant test method is more reliable tha radioraphic testing when attempting to detect minute surface
discontinuities.
Which of the following discontinuities might be found in rolled plate?
Laminations
Shrinkage
Lack of fusion
Undercut
Which of the following types of discontinuities will not be detected by the liquid penetrant test method?
Surface laminations
Internal forging burst
Surface cracks
Surface laps
Which of the following discontinuities would be impossible to detect using a liquid penetrant test?

A.
Forging lap
B.
Crater crack
C.
Grinding cracks
D.
Non-metallic internal inclusions
24. Which of the statements below best states the danger of using sandblasting for cleaning surfaces to be penetrant tested?
A.
The discontinuities maybe closed
B.
Oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities
C.
The sand used in the sandblasting operation may be forced into the discontinuity
D.
The sandblasting operation may introduce discontinuities into the part
25. Why is it advisable to have a black light installed at the wash station?
A.
So that inspection can be done without drying parts
B.
To speed the bleeding of penetrant out of defects
C.
To check the effectiveness of the wash cycle
D.
To determine if parts have been covered with penetrant
26. Of the methods listed below, the most effective means of pre cleaning a test item prior to a penetrant test is
A.
Vapor degreasing
B.
Detergent cleaning
C.
Steam cleaning
D.
Solvent wiping
When viewing parts, fluorescent background may indicate:
27.
A.
Poor washing
B.
Insufficient emulsifying time(post emulsification method)
C.
Porous material and coating
D.
Improper cleaning before penetrant cycle
E.
All of the above
28. Which factor would apply in determining the dwell time required for the penetrant to be effective?
A.
Type of discontinuity sought
B.
Shape of part
C.
Size of part
D.
Surface roughness
Developing time depends on the:
29.

A.
Type of penetrant used
B.
Type of developer used and type of discontinuity to be detected
C.
Temperature of the material being used
D.
All of the above
30. When penetrant testing titanium alloys, the materials used in the penetrant system should not contain any constituent
quantities of:
A.
Carbon or oil
B.
Halogenated solvents
C.
Emulsifier or oil
D.
Fluorescent agent
31. Which of the following is not a good practice when penetrant testing?
A.
Applying emulsifier by dipping the part in emulsifier
B.
Appling developer by spraying the part with developer
C.
Removal of water-washable penetrant with a water spray
D.
Applying emulsifier with a brush
Dry
developer
should be applied :
32.
A.
So that a heavy coat of developer covers all surfaces
B.
So that a light dusting covers all surfaces to be inspected
C.
With a dry paint brush
D.
By dipping
33. Which of the following is not a form in which penetrant developer is commonly available?
A.
Dry developer
B.
Non Aqueous developer
C.
Wet developer
D.
High viscosity developer
34. Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a service induced discontinuity?
A.
Fatigue crack
B.
Porosity
C.
Machine tear
D.
Lap
35. Which of the following physical properties, more than any other, determines what makesa material a good penetrant?
A.
Viscosity
B.
Surface tension
C.
Wetting ability
D.
No one single property determines if a material will or will not be a good penetrant
36. Which of the following contaminants could affect the sensitivity of a penetrant?
A.
Acid
B.
Water
C.
Salts
D.
All of the above
37. Which of the test part characteristics listed below are normally considered before the specific liquid penetrant test method
is selected?
A. The kind and size of discontinuities most likely to occur
B.
The intended application for the part
C.
The surface finish of the part
D.
All of the above
Which
of the following is a purpose of the drying process used in penetrant testing?
38.
A. The drying process is used to assure that all excess penetrant will
evaporate.
B. The drying process assures the uniform drying of dry developer
applied over a wet emulsifier
C.
The drying process reduces penetration time
D. After the application of a wet developer , the drying time aids in securing a uniform developer coating
The penetrant indications of a forging lap will normally be :
39.

A.
B.
C.
D.

A round or nearly round indication

A cluster of indications
A continuous line
A dotted line
40. An important difference between non water-washable penetrants and water-washable penetrants is that:

A. Water-washable penetrants contain an emulsifier, while non waterwashable penetrants do not

B.
The viscosity of the two penetrants is different
C.
The color of the two penetrants is different
D. Non water-washable penetrants are more easily removed than are
water washable penetrants.
41. Which of the following is an advantage of solvent wipe methods over water-wasing?
A. No special lighting is necessary during inspection
B. They provide a quicker penetration of small openings
C.
Small indications are more easily seen
D. They can easily be carried out in the field and remote areas
42. Which of the following is a discontinuitity that might be found in rolled bar stock?
A.
Blow holes
B.
Shrinkage laps
C.
Cracks and seams
D.
Insufficient penetration
43. The part is an aluminum forging. desription-the indication is sharpe, half-moon shape, not deep, and is called a :
A.
Lap
B.
Center line porosity
C.
Heat treat crack
D.
False indication
44. Which of the following is a discontinuitiy that might be found in a forging?
A.
Shrinkage cracks
B.
Laps
C.
Cold shuts
D.
Insufficient penetration
45. Which of the following is a possible cause for false penetrant indications?
A.
Excessive washing
B.
Inadequate application of developer
C.
Penetrant or part to cold during penetration time
D.
Lint or dirt
46. Which of the following is the best reason why excessive drying of a part is not desired?
A.
The extra time required is wasted
B.
The developer may lose its blotting ability
C.
A reduction in resolution may result
D.
The excess developer may be difficult to remove
47. Flourescent materials used in flourescent penetrants respond most actively to radiant energy, of a wave length of
approximately:
A.
7,000 Angstroms
B.
250 KV
C.
3,650 Angstroms
D.
100 foot candles
The emulsifier is used:
48.
A.
To wash the penetrant out of discontinuities
B. As a aid in washing off the surface of parts when using either the water or oil soluble penetrants
C. To emulsify the oil-soluble penetrant, thereby making it water washable
D.
To preclean parts before applying penetrant
49. The prime purpose of the blacklight for fluorescent penetrant inspection is:
A.
To magnify indications
B.
To make the indications visible

C.
D.

50.

To develop indications
To speed up inspections
Water-washable liquid penetrants differ from post-emulsification penetrants in that water-washable penetrants:

A.
Can only be used on aluminum test specimens
B. Need not be removed from the surfaces prior to development
C.
Have a soapy base
D. Do not need the application of an emulsifier before rinsing
51. Which of the following is the best reason why the application of emulsifier by a brush is not recommended?
A.The brushing action mixes the emulsifier with the penetrant prematurely and irregularly, making accurate control of the
emulsification time impossible
B. Brushing does not always completely coat the part, thereby leaving a portion of the part difficult to wash
C Brushing in itself is not harnful,but many types of brush materials combine with the emulsifier agents resulting in penetrant
. and part contamination.
D. Brushing results in a streaking appearance during inspection
Developing powder should always be:
52.
A.
Highly fluorescent
B.
Applied wet
C.
Colorless
D.
Evenly applied
A crack type discontinuity will generlly appear as:
53.
A.
A round indication
B.
A continuous line, either straight or jagged
C.
A straight, single solid line
D.
Random round or elongated holes
54. Which of the following methods for applying non-aqueous developer is normally consideredmost effective?
A.
Spraying
B.
Swabbing
C.
Brushing
D.
Dipping
55. Which of the following could be a source of false indications on a test specimen?
A.
Pentrant on the test table
B.
Penetrant on the hands of the inspector
C. Contamination of dry or wet developer with penetrant
D.
All of the above
56. Which of the following discontinuities might be found in sand castings?
A.
In complete penetration
B.
Undercut
C.
Pipe
D.
Shrinkage
57. The part is an aluminum casting . Desricption-- the casting has a very complex design. In one section there is a flat area
having a thickness of 1/8 inch. In the center of this areais a round section 2 inches thick and 1 inch diameter. There are
linear indications about1/2 the distance around the base where it joins into the thin section. the indicationsis termed:
A.
Dross
B.
Hot tear
C.
Microshrinkage
D.
Porosity
58. When penetrant testing for shallow discontinuities using a post-emulsification penetrant, the emulsification time should be
long enough to:
A. Mix the emulsifier with all the penetrant on the the surface and in
discontinuities
B. Mix the emulsifier with penetrant in the discontinuities
C.
Allow the emulsifier to dry out to a white powder
D. Mix the emulsifier with the excess surface penetrant only
59. The function of the emulsifier in the post-emulsification penetrant method is to:

A. More rapidly drive the penetrant into deep, tight cracks

B. React with the surface penetrant to make the penetrant water-washable
C.
Add fluorescent dye or pigment to the penetrant
D. Provide a coating to which dry powder developer can adhere
60. The speed with which a penetrant penetrates a surface flaw is influenced to the greatestextent by which of the following
properties?
A.
Density
B.
Surface tension and wetting ability
C.
Viscosity
D.
Relative weight
61. Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a primary processing discontinuity often found in cast
material?
A.
Fatigue crack
B.
Stress-corrosion
C.
Porosity
D.
Lack of penetration
62. Pentrant residues may become entrapped under splines, fasteners, rivets, etc. Which of the following is the most likely
reaction caused by such a residue.
A. Corrosion caused by the moisture attracted by such residues
B.
Paint stripping
C.
Fatigue cracking
D.
Lattiice structure breakdown
63. Which of the following characteristics are normally considered when selecting the type of penetrant to be used in a
penetrant test?
A.
Removal characteristics of the penetrant
B.
The flash point of the penetrant
C.
The cost of the penetrant
D.
All of the above
64. Developer assists in the detection of the visible dye penetrant test method by:
A.
Providing a clean surface
B.
Providing a contrasting background
C.
Providing a dry surface
D.
Emulsifying the penetrant bleed-out
65. Rejection or acceptance of parts should be based on which of the following , in absence of written acceptance criteria?
A.
The inspector's education
B. The design of the part and its intended application
C.
The appropriate penetrant standard
D.
The selection of the penetrant
Shrinkage cracks are usually found in what areas of a casting?
66.
A.
Thin sections only
B.
Heavy sections only
C.
Abrupt changes in thickness
D.
No longer a problem
67. The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is primarily related to:
A.
The viscosity of the penetrant
B.
The capillary forces
C.
The chemical inertness of the penetrant
D.
The specific gravity of the penetrant
68. The term " non-relevant indication" is used to describe certain types of penetrant testing indications. which of the following
would be a typical non-relevant indication?
A. Indications due to part geometry or part design configurations
B.
Nonmagnetic indications
C.
Multiple indications
D.
Non-linear indications
69. The part is a 1/2 inch thick aluminum plate with a veeweld. desription- the indication appears in an area that is somewhat
dish shaped. the indication extends out from the center in a spoke formation. the indication is:

70.

Shrinkage
Non-relevant
A quench crack
A crater crack
A continuous line indication can be caused by which of the following discontinuities?

71.

Porosity
Slag inclusions
Pitting
Cracks
Which of the following is most apt to render the post-emulsification test ineffective?

A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Too long of a pentrant time

Too long of a developing time
Too long of an emulsifying time
None of the above
72. Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a finishing processing discontinuity?

A.
B.
C.
D.

73.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Fatigue crack
Stress-corrosion
Lamination
Heat treat crack
A commonly used method of checking on the overall performance of a penetrant material system is by:

Determining the viscosity of the penetrant

Measuring the wettability of the penetrant
Comparing two sections of artifically cracked specimens
All of the above
Which
of the following is an advantage of visible dye over fluorescent penetrants?
74.

Small indications are easily seen

They can be used on anodized and chomate surfaces
They make less background on rough surfaces
No special lighting is required
75. Prior to penetrant testing ot a previously machined soft metal part, which of the the cleaning methods listed below would
be best remove any smeared metal that could mask discontinuities?
A.
Etching
B.
Shot peening
C.
Alkaline cleaning
D.
Water cleaning with detergents
76. Which of the following discontinuities might be found in rolled bar stock?
A.
Shrinkage
B.
Bleedout
C.
Laps
D.
Undercut
A.
B.
C.
D.