H THNG X L KH THI HNG HI TIN TIN

ADVANCED MARITIME EMISSIONS TREATMENT SYSTEM (AMECS )

THS.MTR. NGUYN DON HOI, KS. HONG VN VINH
B mn ng lc Khoa my tu bin
Tm tt
Bi bo gii thiu v mt h thng x l kh thi t tu thy khi ang u ti cng. Nhm gim
thiu s nhim mi trng khng kh do cc hot ng hng hi gy nn ca nhm nghin cu
Matthew Stewart thuc Advanced Cleanup Technologies Inc., c p dng ti cu G214 thuc
cng Long Beach, California, USA.
Abtract
This paper introduces an Advanced Maritime Emission Treatment System when the ships
berthing in port to decrease the pollution of the atmosphere from maritime operating of the
research committee Matthew Stewart belong to Advanced Cleanup Technologies Inc., applied in
G214 port of Long Beach, California, USA.
1. Nguyn l hot ng chung ca h thng
H thng x l kh thi (Emissions Treatment System, ETS) s c lp t x l kh thi ca
tu (bao gm ng c lai my pht v ni hi) khi tu ang u ti cng. Thng qua mt thit b thu kh
thi (Emissions Capture Subsystem, ECS) chp ln ng khi ca tu kh thi s c dn vo ETS.
Ti ETS kh x s c phn tch v loi b cc thnh phn gy nhim mi trng bao gm cc tro
bi, xt nit (NOx), xt lu hunh (SOx) v trc khi thi ra khng kh.
2. Cc phn t chnh ca h thng
2.1 Thit b thu kh thi (ECS)
ECS c nhim v l ht kh thi t tu cp vo h thng x l (ETS), c m t hnh 1. ECS
c cu to gm 2 phn chnh: phn chp vo ng khi ca tu v ng dn kh x vo ETS.
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Phn chp vo ng khi c hnh dng l mt chic lng hnh bt gic, c th xp li c.

N c thit k c th lp t ph hp vi tt c cc ng khi c hnh dng, kch c
khc nhau v ht cc loi kh x.

ng dn kh x c lp t vo pha trn ca phn chp vo ng khi v dn kh x sau khi

c ht vo ETS thc hin vic loi b cc thnh phn gy nhim mi trng.

Hnh 1: Thit b thu gom kh thi

2. H thng x l kh thi (ETS)

H thng x l kh thi l phn chnh ca ton b h thng. H thng ny s s dng my lc
dng bung sng tin tin v l phn ng xc tc c chn lc loi b cc thnh phn gy nhim
mi trng (bao gm SOx, NOx v phn tro bi) t dng kh thi ca tu. S h thng x l kh thi
c th hin hnh 2.
Trong h thng my lc c b tr trc l phn ng xc tc. Vic b tr ny s gip nng cao
tui th lm vic ca cht xc tc ti l phn ng bi hai thnh phn tro bi v hp cht lu hunh (y
l hai thnh phn lm gim nhanh cht lng v tui th ca cht xc tc) trong kh x s c loi b
ti my lc trc khi i vo l phn ng.

Hnh 2: H thng x l kh thi

2.1. Bung s cp
Nhim v ca bung s cp (PCC) l lm lnh kh x, loi b mt phn tro bi, tch cc hp cht
hu c d bay hi c th ha tan vi nc v loi b SO2 (cht gy nn ma axt) bng vic s dng
mt loi nc c tnh kim nh di dng sng c phun trc tip vo dng kh x. Nc di
dng sng ny s lm mt kh x xung gn 140 F v kt dnh cc ht tro c kch thc siu nh
thnh cc ht ln hn. iu ny gip cho qu trnh loi b cc ht tro ti my lc hiu qu hn.
2.2. My lc dng bung sng
My lc dng bung sng c cu to gm 3 cp. Cc cp ny hon ton ging nhau ngoi tr
cc in np cho cc ht nc ti cc cp l khc nhau. My lc s to ra cc ht nc di dng
sng mn v ng thi np cho chng mt in tch dng ti cp th nht, mt in tch m ti cp
th hai, v li mt in tch dng ti cp th ba. Cc ht nc di dng sng ny s in y th
tch cc khoang ca cc cp v khoang th nht v th ba c cc ht m tnh, trung tnh chim u
th cn khoang th hai cha mt mt t hn cc ht dng tnh. Cc ht in tch ny kt hp vi
cc ht tro v s b ri xung y ca cc khoang v c lc vo cc ti cha cht thi t bn ngoi
h thng. Cng vi cc qu trnh trn, natri hydroxit (NaOH) c cp vo cc dng nc ca bung
s cp v my lc loi b SO2 v SO3.
2.3 L phn ng
L phn ng c thit k loi b trn 90% NOx ra khi kh x. Ti l phn ng ur lng
c phun vo dng kh nng t pha trn. Do tc dng ca dng kh nng ur s b chuyn thnh
amnic v amnic s phn ng vi NOx khi n i qua cht xc tc l phn ng to thnh kh
nit v hi nc, v s c x trc tip ra mi trng khng kh.
Trong l phn ng mt thit b trao i nhit c s dng hon nhit t dng kh ca x
cho dng kh trc khi vo l phn ng. Dng kh trc khi vo l phn ng phi c nhit t 570

n 650 F v y cng l nhit ca dng kh ti ca ra ca l phn ng. Thit b trao i nhit s

nhn nhit t dng kh ti ca x v cp lng nhit ny cho dng kh ti ca vo ca l phn ng
tng nhit ca dng kh t 140 F n gn nhit lm vic ca cht xc tc trong l phn ng.
Ngun nhit cn li s c cp bi bung t t nhin liu hoc kh t nhin.
Kt lun
Do iu kin khng th p dng phng php x l kh thi ngay trn cc tu c, do vy
cc nc tin tin trn th gii, chnh quyn cng s dng h thng x l t ngay ti cc cng. Kt
qu cc qu trnh kim tra th nghim cho thy h thng x l kh thi ny c kh nng loi b gn 90%
cc thnh phn NOx, SOx v tro bi c trong kh x t ng c, ni hi trc khi thi ra mi trng.
p ng c cc quy nh v phng chng nhim do kh thi t tu thy cho cc loi tu lp t
cc ng c kiu c cha c iu kin thay mi.