1. FIELD ROUTINES: If ABAP code is applied for each field is called as Field Routine. 2. START ROUTINES: If the ABAP code is applied for complete source data from PSA data source is called as Start Routine. 3. END ROUTINES: If the ABAP code is applied before loading the data into target component is called as End Routine. 4. EXPERT ROUTINE: is combination of start routine and end routine to handle complicated source data to be converted into sap format.