H2 2008 ALL JC Prelims Questions (2013)

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)
SAJC
All JC 2008 Prelims Selected Questions

H2 Physics
Kinematics (Q1 Q3)
HCI P2 Q1
1
A hot air balloon was rising steadily at a speed of 10.0 m s-1 when weather
conditions turned windy. A constant breeze of 3.0 m s-1 blew horizontally across
the sky, which caused the hot air balloon to travel with a resultant velocity of vR at
an angle to the horizontal, as shown in Fig. 1.1 below.
vR
Fig. 1.1
(a) Calculate the magnitude of the resultant velocity vR.
[2]
(b) A sandbag was dropped from the balloon. How far below the balloon would the
sandbag be after 4.0 s, assuming that it had not landed on the ground?
(Assume that the dropping of sandbags did not affect the velocity of the hot air
balloon and that effects of air resistance on the sandbags were negligible.) [3]
(c) Another sandbag was dropped 2.0 s after the first. Considering only the vertical
velocities vy, sketch the vy vs. time t graph of the two sandbags from the time
the first sandbag was released to 3.0 s after the second sandbag was released
on the axes below. Label your graphs clearly. Appropriate values should be
indicated.
[4]
vy / m
s-1
t/ s
(d) Using the graphs or otherwise, calculate the vertical distance of the second
sandbag above the first sandbag 3.0 s after the second sandbag was released.
[2]
SAJC
AJC P2 Q1
2
Fig. 1.1 shows the displacement-time graph of a moving object from a point P.
displacement
/m
Fig. 1.1
(a)
time /s
E
C
A
D
B
A student describes the motion of the object for time interval A to B as follows:
The object is moving away from point P. It is slowing down and is experiencing
negative acceleration towards P.
Is the students description correct? Explain your reasoning.
(b)
[4]
Sketch the corresponding velocity-time graph of the object for the whole journey.
[2]
velocity /m
s-1
time /s
TPJC P3 Q6(a)
3
(a) Two identical objects A and B slide down at the same time from an initial
height H from the ground along two frictionless slopes as shown below.
Fig. 6.1
H/2
SAJC
(i)
Write down an expression for the acceleration of object A as it slides down the
slope, explaining your symbols.
[1]
(ii)
Sketch the velocity time graphs of A and B on the same axes. Label your graphs
clearly.
[3]
(iii)
Explain whether the two objects will have the same speed at the bottom of the
slope.
[2]
(iv)
Explain whether the two objects will reach the bottom of the slope at the same
time.
[3]
Dynamics
AJC (H1) P2 Q6
4 (a) The floor of an elevator, mass 1800 kg, is at a distance 3.70 m above a spring
as shown in Fig. 4.1. It is at rest on the first floor when its cable snaps. A safety
device clamps the elevator against guide rails so that a constant frictional force
of 4.40 kN opposes the elevators motion.
cable
elevator
guide rails
3.7 m
spring
Fig. 4.1
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(b)
Show that the acceleration of the elevator is 7.37 m s-2.

[1]
Calculate the speed of the elevator when it hits the spring.
[2]
Calculate the average power developed during this process before it hits the
spring.
[2]
The spring is compressed by 0.9 m when the elevator comes to a rest. Using the
principle of conservation of energy, determine the force constant of the spring.
Assume mass of spring is negligible.
[2]
The force constant found in (iv) is known to be accurate to 8%. How should the
result be presented?
[1]
Consider a woman of mass 60 kg, standing on a scale that reads in kilogram, in
the elevator when it is on the first floor as shown in Fig. 6.2. State the reading on
the scale after the cable snaps if the safety device fails to work. Explain your
answer.
[3]
cable
elevator
scale
3
Fig. 4.2
SAJC
(c)(i)
State the principle of conservation of momentum.
(ii)
A 0.25 kg skeet is fired at an angle of 30 to the horizontal with a speed of

25 m s-1 as shown in Fig. 4.3. When it reaches the maximum height of 7.96 m, it
is hit from below by a 15 g pellet traveling vertically upward at a speed of
200 m s-1. The pellet is embedded in the skeet and they move together along
path A.
25 m s-1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Path A
200 m s-1
7.96 m
pellet
30
skeet
[1]
Fig. 4.3
Determine the velocity of the skeet at the maximum height of 7.96 m.

[2]
Upon collision, skeet and pellet move off together with a velocity v at an
angle to the horizontal. By applying (c)(i) to the skeet-pellet system in
the vertical direction, show that v sin = 11.321.
[2]
Determine the time of flight for the skeet-pellet system to complete path A.
[2]
Suggest with a reason, whether the momentum of the skeet-pellet system
is conserved in the presence of air resistance.
[2]
Forces (in Equilibrium)

MJC P3 Q5
5(a) Define moment of a force about a point.
[2]
(b) A waiter holds a tray horizontally in one hand between fingers and thumb as
shown in Fig. 5.1.
Fig. 5.1.
P, Q and W are the three forces acting on the tray. W is the weight of the tray.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
SAJC
State two conditions that must be satisfied such that the tray will remain
horizontal and be in equilibrium.
[2]
Given that the mass of the tray is 0.12 kg, calculate the magnitude of the
force P.
[2]
Hence, calculate the magnitude of force Q.
[2]
(c)
The waiter places a glass on the tray. State and explain where the glass should
be positioned on the tray if the force P is to have the same value as that
calculated in part (b)(ii).
[2]
(d)
(i)
(ii)
What is meant by the momentum of a body?

[1]
A body, initially at rest, explodes into two unequal fragments of mass m1
and m2 . Mass m1 has a velocity v1 and mass m2 has a velocity v2 .
Using the principle of conservation of momentum, derive an expression
for
(iii)
v1
.
v2
[2]
An isolated nucleus of mass 4.0 x 1025 kg is initially at rest. It decays,

emitting an alpha particle of mass 6.7 x 1027 kg with kinetic energy of
1.2 x 1014 J .
1.
2.
(e)
Find the speed of the alpha particle.

[1]
Hence, by considering the mass of the recoiling nucleus, use the
expression found in (d)(ii) or otherwise to find the speed of the
recoiling nucleus.
[3]
Before the decay described in (d)(iii), the nucleus is situated at point P on

Fig. 5.2.
P
Fig. 5.2
For this question, we shall assume that the products of the decay will move off in
the horizontal path from the nucleus, indicated by the dotted line.
(i)
Making use of the speed of the alpha particle deduced earlier, indicate
with a cross on Fig. 5.2, to full-scale, a possible position of the alpha
particle 8.0 x 109 s after the emission.
[1]
(ii)
Hence, indicate with an arrow, starting from P, the direction of movement

of the recoiling nucleus.
[1]
(iii)
Estimate how far the recoiling nucleus would have moved in 8.0 x 109 s .
[1]
SAJC
Work, Energy, Power

RJC P3 Q1(a)
6
One end of a spring is attached to a rigid support and a mass is hung at the other
end. The mass oscillates about the equilibrium position B as shown in the
Fig. 6.1.
Unstretched
spring
A
B
C
Fig. 6.1
Ignoring the effects of air resistance, describe the energy changes from position
A to B and from B to C.
[3]
Circular Motion, Gravitation and Electric Field (Q7- 19)

AJC P2 Q7
7(a) A mass M is moving at 5.00 ms-1 along a horizontal frictionless guide which
bends into a vertical circle of radius r, as illustrated in Fig. 7.1.
Fig. 7.2 shows the velocity-time graph for the vertical component of the velocity
along the section ABC of the curve.
C
B
A
Fig. 7.1
SAJC
Fig. 7.2
(i)
With the aid of Fig. 7.2, find an appropriate value for the height of the vertical circle.
Hence, find the value for the radius of the vertical circle, r.
[3]
Fig 7.3 shows the velocity-time graphs for
the horizontal component of the velocity
along the section ABC of the curve.
(ii)1.
From Fig. 7.2 and Fig. 7.3, find the

vertical and horizontal components of the
acceleration of the mass M at B, 200 ms
after it passes the point A. [3]
Fig. 7.3
SAJC
(ii)2.
Hence, find the resultant acceleration of the mass M at B.
(iii)
Explain whether the magnitude of the resultant acceleration calculated in (bii) could have been
calculated from the expression v2 / r, where v is the instantaneous speed of the mass M.
[2]
(iv)
Without detailed mathematical calculation, deduce the total area between the curve and the
time axis of Fig. 7.3. Explain your answer.
[2]
(v)
With the aid of a labelled diagram showing all the forces acting on the mass M when it is at
point C, deduce an expression for the minimum speed VC for the mass M to remain in contact
with the track at point C in terms of r and g, where g is the acceleration of the free fall. You
may assume that the density of air is negligible.
[4]
(b)
Another mass 2M is moving at 5.00 ms-1 along the same

horizontal frictionless guide which bends into the same
vertical circle of radius r, as illustrated in Fig. 7.4.
With reference to your answer in a(v) and the principle of
conservation of energy, explain whether the mass 2M is
able to pass through point C and travels back to point A.
[2]
8(a)
(b)
[2]
2M
A
Fig. 7.4
AJC P3 Q1
The mass of the Earth is 5.98 x 1024 kg and the moon takes 27.4 days to orbit the Earth.
Show that the distance between the centre of the Earth and the moon is 384 000 km.
[2]
The orbit of the moon is actually elliptical and its distance from the Earths centre varies from
356 000 km to 407 000 km. Find the maximum increase in kinetic energy of the moon as it
comes closer to the Earth. The mass of the moon is 7.36 x 1022 kg.
maximum increase in kinetic energy =
(c)
9(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
J [3]
Explain why the centre of the Earth is expected to lie on the plane of the moons orbit.
AJC P3 Q5
A man stands at the Earths equator. Due to the rotation of the Earth about its axis, and taking
1 day = 8.6 x 104 s and radius of Earth = 6.4 x 106 m, find his
angular velocity, [1]
his linear speed, [1]
his acceleration. [1]
(b)
The man in (a) stands on a weighing scale. He finds that his weight shown on the scale is
different at the equator and at the North pole.
(i)
Explain why there is a difference. [2]
(ii)
State the location which shows his true weight. [1]
(c)
SAJC
A particle rotates anticlockwise in a horizontal circle of radius 20 cm with

a constant angular velocity of 3.5 rad s-1 as shown in Fig. 9.1.
O y Q
The particle is at S at time zero and at P at time t. Q represents the
projection of point P onto the diameter through S. Measured with respect
to the origin O, the displacement and linear acceleration of Q in the
direction OS are y and a respectively.
(i)
Describe the motion of Q.
(ii)
State the relationship between y and a. [1]
(iii)
Sketch a labelled graph to show the variation of a with t.[3]
10
(a)
(b)(i)
Fig. 9.1
[1]
MJC P2 Q2
The following two equations may be used to find the gravitational potential energy, U, of a
body of mass m:
U = m g h ----- (1) and U = - G M m / r ------ (2)
State the condition(s) under which each of these equations may be used.
[2]
In a fictitious story by Jules Verne in 1865, three men were sent to space in a shell fired from a
giant cannon from Florida.
Calculate the minimum speed needed for the shell to be projected vertically up to a height
above the surface of Earth that is equal to the Earths radius.
[2]
(Take radius of Earth to be 6.38 106 m and mass of Earth to be 5.971024 kg)
(ii)
Another shell is launched with the

escape speed, i.e., minimum
speed needed to escape the
Earths gravitational field.
Energy
The following graph shows the

variation of the gravitational
potential energy U with distance
from the surface of Earth, x, of this
shell as it approaches infinity.
(ii)1.
Distance from
surface of Earth, x
Gravitational
Potential Energy, U
By considering the total energy of

the shell at infinity, state the value
of total energy T, of this shell at
any part of its path towards infinity.
T = J [1]
(ii)2.
Figure 2.1
Hence, on the axis of Figure 2.1, sketch a graph to show how the kinetic energy K, of this shell
varies with the distance from the surface of the Earth. Label this graph clearly as K. [1]
(iii)
SAJC
When a spacecraft is launched into orbit, it is usually projected with a speed greater than the
Earths escape speed such that it will not be pulled back by gravity. However, the spin of the
Earth can also give the spacecraft a push such that it can remain in orbit.
Suggest a place on Earth where launching of the spacecraft is aided by the natural rotation of
Earth, and suggest the direction which the spacecraft should be launched in order to take
advantage of the Earths rotation.
[1]
11
(a)
MJC P2 Q4
A charged particle q placed at point A
inside a uniform electric field between
two parallel plates with potential
difference of V is moved by an
external force to point B via the path
shown in Figure 1. The plates are
separated by a distance d while the
distance of AB is x.
State and explain what the work done

on the charge would be from A to B. [2]
(b)
(i)
Figure 2 shows the path taken by a

negative charge q when it is introduced
with a horizontal velocity u into a uniform
E-field between two parallel plates. The
plates have a potential difference of V
and are a distance d apart.
Explain why the expression F =
Figure 1
Q1Q2
4 0 r 2
Figure 2
cannot be used to calculate the force

experienced by charge q in this case. [1]
(ii)
Ignoring the effects of gravitational force, sketch, in Figure 2, the path of an alpha particle
which is projected with the same horizontal speed u. This alpha particle has the same amount
of charge but twice the mass of the first particle q. Explain your answer. [3]
(iii)
State how a magnetic field B should be directed, such that both particles mentioned will move
across the plates un-deflected. [1]
12
(a)(i)
NYJC P3 Q5
Prove that the expression for the
gravitational potential difference between a
point P on the earth's surface and a distant
point
Q
as
shown
below
is
Earth
mass M
R
r -R
VPQ GM
. [1]
Rr
10
P
x
Q
x
r
SAJC
(ii)
Show that if r is only slightly greater than R, the gravitational potential difference becomes
g(r-R) where g is the gravitational field strength on the earth's surface.
[2]
(b)
The graph on the next page shows how the gravitational potential difference between a point
on the earth's surface and a distant point, distance x from the earth's surface, changes near
to the moon's surface. The moon's surface is 384 000 km from the earth's surface.
The gravitational potential difference is first increasing, then-achieving a maximum value and
finally decreasing to a smaller value on the moon's surface.
62
Gravitational
potential
difference
-1
/ MJ kg 61
60
59
58
330000
340000
350000
360000
370000
380000
x/ km
(i)
Use the graph to determine the amount of potential energy converted as a mass of 200 kg
falls to the surface of the moon from a height of 14 000 km above the surface of the moon. At
what speed will it hit the surface? [4]
(ii)
What feature of the graph justifies the assumption that the potential energy of a body
measured with respect to the moon's surface is proportional to its height above that surface?
Obtain from the graph the height to which this assumption is true. [3]
(iii)
What is the value of the gravitational field strength at the point H where the gravitational
potential difference is a maximum? Give a reason for your answer. [2]
Explain why the gravitational potential difference is a maximum at this point. [3]
(iv)
(v)
13
At what speed must a spacecraft be propelled from the surface of the moon if it is to reach
the surface of the earth? [3]
RJC P2 Q4
Two large plates with a potential difference VAB, are arranged in parallel as shown in Fig. 4,
An electron is ejected with kinetic energy 10.0 1019 J from plate A and moves
perpendicularly towards plate B. It passes position X with 6.00 1019 J of kinetic energy.
11
SAJC
Calculate the distance d between plates A

and B, given that the electric field strength
between plate A and B is 50.0 N C-1. [2]
X
A
(a)
electron
d
Fig. 4
Calculate the potential V0, at which the electron will stop momentarily and indicate the
corresponding equipotential line clearly on Fig 4. Show your working clearly. [4]
+10.0 V
(b)
(c)
14
Another electron of similar velocity is now ejected at an angle from plate A towards plate B.
State whether the electron will stop before or after the equipotential line calculated in (b). [1]
RJC P3 Q2
The gravitational field strength at the surface of Planet X, of radius R, is 40 N kg-1. Fig. 2
below shows three points A, B and C, and a scale showing their distances from the centre of
the planet.
A
C
Planet X
5R
4R
3R
2R
2R
3R
4R
5R
Fig. 2
(a)(i)
Show that the magnitude of the gravitational field strength at A is 1.6 N kg -1. [1]
(ii)
Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field strength at B. [1]
(b)
Given that R is 2.0 x 107 m, and also given the field strengths in (a), determine an
approximate value for the magnitude of the gravitational potential difference
(i)
between A and B, assuming that the gravitational field strength there to be the average value
of the field strengths at A and B; [2]
(ii)
between A and C.
(c)
Planet X has approximately three times the radius of the Earth. Given that the gravitational
field strength at the surface of the Earth is 9.81 N kg-1, calculate the mass of Planet X in terms
of the mass, M, of the Earth. [3]
[1]
12
15
(a)
SAJC
TJC P3 Q2
Fig. 3.1, which is not drawn to scale, shows how the electric potential V between two small
spherical charged conductors A and B varies along the line joining their centres. The distance
D between the two conductors is very much larger than the radii of the conductors. At point
P, the electric potential is a maximum.
State the signs of the charge
of conductors A and B.
Explain your answer. [2]
V/ V
D
A
(b)
(c)
16(a)
By considering the separate

contribution of A and B to the
electric potential, explain,
with the aid of a diagram,
why the graph has a
maximum at point P. [3]
Use the asymmetry of the
curve to comment on the
relative magnitude of the
charges on the two
conductors. Explain your
answer clearly. [3]
-5.0
x/ m
-45.0
-80.0
Fig.
3.1
TJC P3 Q6
Figure 6.1 shows lines of equal
gravitational potential near to the
surface of a small spherical asteroid
-1.4 x 105 J kg-1
of mass M and radius R.
(i)
Explain why all the values of

potential are negative.
[2]
(ii)
State the equation relating field -2.6 x 105 J kg-1

strength
g
and
gravitational
potential V at a point in the
gravitational field. Hence, estimate
-4.0 x 105 J kg-1
the value of g at the surface of the
asteroid. [3]
-5.0 x 105 J kg-1
(iii)
Deduce the value of radius R and

mass M of the asteroid. [5]
(iv)
Calculate the escape speed from the surface of the asteroid. [2]
13
3.8 km
1.7 km
0.6 km
Surface of asteroid
Fig. 6.1
(b)(i)
(ii)
17
SAJC
Fig. 6.3 shows a man inside the space colony. Using the
diagram provided, explain how the apparent weight of the man
in such a space colony arises. [3]
A comfortable rotation rate for such a colony is 1.0 revolution
per minute. Determine the radius that this colony structure
should have in order to provide a simulated acceleration due to
gravity of 9.81 m s-2. [3]
VJC P2 Q1
Two electrical charges, A and B, of 3.0 C and 2.0 C
respectively, are placed 10 m apart.
(a)
Find the distance between A and a point X, where the

resultant electric field strength due to A and B is zero. [3]
To centre
of colony
Fig. 6.3
2.0 C
B
3.0 C
A
10 m
(b)
Find the resultant electric potential at X due to A and B. [2]
(c)
The answer in (b) is non-zero. From the definition of potential difference, this means that the
work done to bring a unit charge from infinity to X is non-zero, even though the forces
experienced by the charge at the start and end of the process are zero. Explain why this is so.
[2]
18
ACJC P2 Q2
In a hydrogen atom, an electron of mass me moves in a circular orbit of radius 0.53 10-10 m
about a fixed proton of mass mp = 1836 me. Assume g = 9.81 m s-2.
(a)
Find the magnitudes of

(i)
the gravitational force of the proton on the electron,
(ii)
the gravitational force of the Earth on the electron.
(iii)
the electric force of the proton on the electron.
[5]
(b)
Compare and comment on the magnitudes of the three forces found in (a) and (b) [2]
(c)
With the help of your comments from (b) and your answers from (a), comment on the
centripetal force on the electron as it revolves in its circular orbit about the proton. [1]
14
SAJC
CJC P3 Q1
19
(a)
The period T of the orbit around the Sun is given by T 2
R3
GM
where R is the radius of the orbit,

G is the gravitational constant which has a unit of N kg-2 m2 and
M is the mass of the Sun.
(i)
Show that the equation is homogeneous in terms of base units.
(ii)
If the percentage uncertainties of T and M are 3 % and 4 % respectively, what will be the
percentage uncertainty of R?
[2]
(b)
The Earth is 1.50 x 1011 m from the centre of the Sun and takes exactly one year to complete
one orbit. The planet Jupiter takes 11.9 years to complete an orbit of the Sun. Calculate the
radius of Jupiters orbit.
[2]
(c)
The gravitational force of the Earth on the moon causes it to rotate around the earth while
the gravitational force of the moon on the earth is smaller so it will not affect the motion of the
earth. Comment on this statement.
[2]
Thermal Physics (Q20 Q22)

ACJC Prelims 2008
20 (a) One mole of hydrogen at a temperature of 420 K is mixed with one mole of
oxygen at 320 K. After a short period of time the mixture is in thermal
equilibrium.
(i)
Explain what happens as the two gases approach and then reach
thermal equilibrium.
[2]
(ii)
The molecular kinetic theory leads to the derivation of the equation

pV
1
Nm c 2
3
Using the formula above and using the ideal gas equation, show that the
average kinetic energy of the hydrogen molecules before they are mixed with
the oxygen molecules is 8.69 x 10-21 J where <c2> is the mean square speed.
[4]
(b)
(i)
Two different gases at the same temperature have molecules with

different mean square speeds. Explain why this is possible?
[2]
(ii)
Hence or otherwise, explain why in the earths atmosphere, there is

hardly any hydrogen in the earths atmosphere, compared to oxygen
molecules.
[2]
15
[2]
SAJC
TJC Prelims 2008

21 (a) Suggest why the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is much greater than the
specific latent heat of fusion of water.
[2]
(b)
Fig. 2.1 shows an insulated cylinder fitted with a perfectly fitting piston and a heater.
There is negligible friction between the cylinder and the piston. The cylinder contains a
fixed mass of an ideal gas.
ideal
gas
Fig. 2.1
The following two experiments are performed.
Experiment 1 The heater provides 150 J of energy with the piston fixed in position.
The temperature rise of the gas is found to be 29 K.
Experiment 2 The heater supplies 150 J of energy with the piston free to move so
that the gas expands at constant pressure. The temperature rise of the gas is now 18
K.
(i)
Using the first law of thermodynamics, explain why the temperature rise is
different in the two experiments.
[2]
(ii)
The change in internal energy of a gas is proportional to its change in

temperature. Complete the table below to show the values of each of the
quantities U and W when the first law of thermodynamics is applied to the gas
in each experiment. Show your workings and state clearly whether each quantity
is positive or negative.
U/J
W/J
Q/J
Experiment 1
+150
Experiment 2
+150
16
[4]
SAJC
IJC Prelims 2008

22
(a)
State what is meant by
(i)
an ideal gas,
(ii)
the state of a gas.
[1]
[1]
(ii) Draw a graph in Fig. 1.1, to show the variation of pressure and volume as
the gas undergoes the processes A, B and C sequentially. Label the
processes and indicate their directions clearly.
[2]
Fig. 1.1
1.
Calculate the heat supplied to the gas in process A.
[2]
2.
Calculate the work done on the gas in process B.
[2]
3.
For the entire cycle ABC, what is the change in the internal energy
of the gas?
[1]
17
SAJC
Oscillations (Q23 Q24)

AJC Prelim 2008
23
(ii)
Given that k = 20.0 Nm-1, calculate for the system of cradle and baby
1. the period of the oscillation,
[1]
2. the kinetic energy as it passes through the equilibrium position,
[1]
3. the maximum net force experienced.
[1]
(iii)
Sketch a labelled graph of the kinetic energy of the system against

displacement.
[2]
(iv)
The babys father wants to take a picture of his child oscillating in the
cradle.
Unknown to him, his camera exhibits a shutter delay of 3 s. If he
depresses the button when the cradle is at the highest point, how far is
the cradle away from its expected position in the picture?
[2]
18
SAJC
TJC Prelims 2008

24 This question is about the oscillation of a mass between a pair of springs as shown in
Fig. 4.1.
Fig. 4.1
(a)
The system obeys Hookes Law with a stiffness constant k. The block is displaced a
horizontal distance x and released.
(i)
(ii)
(b)
Show that the initial acceleration a of the mass m is given by

kx
.
a
m
[2]
Explain why the equation in (i) shows that the body will undergo simple harmonic
motion.
[2]
Such a system is used as a damper to reduce the movement of tall buildings in

earthquakes or high winds as shown in Fig. 4.2.
Fig 4.2
The system is designed to reduce the oscillations of a building which has a natural
frequency of 0.50 Hz. A sudden movement of the building displaces the block 0.70 m
from its equilibrium position relative to the building.
If the stiffness constant k of the system is 2.8 x 106 N m-1, find the energy transferred
to the oscillator.
[1]
(c)
The oscillator is damped. It loses 50% of its energy on each oscillation. Find the
amplitude of the oscillator after one complete oscillation.
[2]
19
SAJC
Waves and Superposition (Q25 Q31)

VJC Prelims 2008
25(a) A microwave transmitter emitting waves is placed facing a metal plate as shown
in the figure below.
metal plate
Microwave
transmitter
A
q
detector
Q
q
meter
A microwave detector is moved along the line PQ. A, B and C are three
successive points. When the detector is at A, the meter registers a maximum
reading. As it is moved towards C, the meter reading decreases to a minimum at
B and then increases again to a maximum at C.
(b)
(i)
Explain why there is a variation in the meters readings at A, B and C.[3]
(ii)
The distance between A and C is found to be 2.4 cm. Calculate the

frequency of the microwave being transmitted.
[3]
One such microwave transmitter is now mounted onto a spacecraft that has
traveled to the planet Saturn. It is transmitting with an output power of 25.0 W.
At the moment of transmitting the spacecraft is 1.32 x 1012 m from Earth.
(i)
Assuming that the microwave transmitter is radiating uniformly in all

directions, calculate the power received on Earth by a dish aerial of
effective area 180 m2.
[3]
(ii)
The actual power received by the dish aerial is 1.2 x 10-15 W. Suggest
why the actual power received is greater than that calculated in (b)(i). [1]
CJC Prelims 2008

26 Sound travels by means of longitudinal waves in air and solids. A progressive sound wave of
wavelength and frequency f passes through a solid from left right.
In figure 3.1, the dots on line X represents the equilibrium positions of the atoms in the solid and dots
on line Y represents the positions of the same atoms at a time t = to.
20
SAJC
line X
line Y
time = to
D
line Z
time = to+ T /4
Figure 3.1
displacement
Figure 3.2
Excess pressure
Figure 3.3
21
SAJC
(b) What does distance D in figure 3.1 represent?

(c) Taking displacement to the right of equilibrium position as positive, sketch on
Fig 3.2, a graph of displacement against distance at time to for Line Y. Label it Y.
[1]
[2]
(d) Sketch on the same axis given on Fig. 3.2, a graph of displacement against position
of the atoms at time = to + T/4, where T is the period of the wave. Label it Z.
(e)
[1]
Hence show on Fig. 3.1 on the line Z, the actual position of the particles at time = to + T/4.
[2]
(f) Excess pressure is the difference between the pressure at a point above the atmospheric
pressure. On figure 3.3, sketch the graph of excess pressure against distance at different
positions at time to.
[1]
(g) A person standing on the right side of line Y hears the sound at a frequency of f.
Suppose he is moving to the left along the line Y at a constant speed, he will detect a
frequency higher than f. Explain.
[1]
27
RJC Prelims 2008

(b) Two coherent sources A and B, which are in phase with each other, emit microwave of
wavelength 40.0 mm. The amplitude of the wave from source B is twice that of source
A. A detector is placed at the point P where it is 1.00 m from A and 1.18 m from B as
shown in Fig. 7.2.
P
1.00 m
A
1.18 m
centre axis
B
Fig. 7.2
(i)
Explain why the intensity detected at P is a minimum.

[2]
(ii)
Determine the ratio of the intensity at P to the intensity at O.
[3]
(iii) As the detector moved from P to O, a series of minima and maxima were
observed. Explain this phenomenon and state the total number of minimum and
maximum points that will be encountered along the way to O (inclusive of P and
O).
[4]
(iv) State the type of interference at P when source B is changed to be 180
out-of-phase with source A.
[1]
22
SAJC
NYJC Prelims 2008

28 (a) Explain what is meant by superposition in the context of waves.
(b)
[2]
Two microwave sources S1 and S2 are situated as shown below. The waves
emitted by the two sources are in phase and are polarized in the same plane.
P
S1
5.0 cm
O
S2
3.2 m
A microwave detector is placed on a line XY which is parallel to and 3.2 m

from the line joining S1 and S2. O lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line
joining S1 and S2. The detector produces an output which is proportional to
the displacement of the wave detected.
detector output
The detector is placed at P, a distance of 5.0 cm from O. The variation of the

output of the detector with time with (a) only S1 switched on and (b) only S2
switched on are shown below.
S2 only
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
t / 10-10 s
S1 only
(i)
(ii)
Using the figure above, determine the phase difference between the
waves at P.
[1]
Calculate the wavelength of the microwaves.
[3]
c=f
23
(iii)
SAJC
The sources S1 and S2 are switched on together and as the detector is

moved from P towards X, the intensity of the microwave detected
fluctuates.
Assuming there are no maxima between O and P, deduce the distance
from O to a point Q where the detector firsts encounters a maximum.
(iv)
[2]
The graph below shows how the intensity of the detected radiation
varies between O and Q when only S1 is switched on.
Intensity / 10-3 W m-2
1.0
S1 only
O
(vi)
(c)
Using the same axes, sketch a graph to show how the intensity of the
detected microwave between O and Q varies when both S1 and S2 are
switched on. Label this graph (iv).
[2]
Find the ratio of 1 / 2, where 1 is the intensity of the microwaves

detected at Q when S1 and S2 are polarized in the same plane and 2 is
that when S1 and S2 are polarized in perpendicular planes.
[3]
Microwaves such as those in (b) exert pressure on its detector.

(i)
Explain why this is so.
[3]
(ii)
Deduce and explain the quantitative relationship between the

amplitude of a microwave and the pressure it exerts.
[2]
24
SAJC
YJC Prelims 2008

29(c) Two radio aerials are separated by distance D along the ground. A sinusoidal
signal is emitted by an aircraft passing directly overhead, moving at speed v and
height h along a line PQR parallel to that between the aerials as shown in Fig.
7.1. Point Q is equidistant from both aerials.
The signals received by the two aerials are added using an electronic device to
produce a resultant signal.
(i)
If R, Q and P represent successive points along the aircraft path from

where the resultant signal received by the aerials are maxima, write down
an expression for the possible path difference of the signal from R.
[1]
(ii)
Hence explain why the intensity of the resultant signal fluctuates.

[2]
(iii)
Show that the frequency f of the occurrence of the maxima is given by the
vD
relation f =
where is the wavelength of the radio wave.
h
[2]
(iv)
Calculate the period of these fluctuations when the speed and the altitude
of the aircraft are 80 m s-1 and 1500 m respectively, with an aerial
separation of 10 m and radio signal wavelength 3.0 cm.
[2]
25
IJC Prelims 2008

30
(a)
(ii)
SAJC
Give an explanation for each of the following:

1.
One can hear around corners, but not see around corners.
[1]
2.
Two flashlights held close together do not produce

observable interference pattern on a distant screen.
[1]
26
SAJC
Current of Electricity, DC Circuits (Q32 Q33)

TJC P3 Q4
31
A car battery has an e.m.f. of 12 V and an internal resistance of 0.50 . It is connected

to a parallel arrangement of four lamps, as shown in Fig. 4.1. Each lamp acts as a
pure resistor of constant resistance 30 . The total power dissipated in the lamps is
16.9 W.
battery
12 V
0.50 .
(a)
(b)
Fig. 4.1
Calculate the effective resistance of the four lamps. [1]
The owner of the car thinks that the brightness of the lamps can be increased by
connecting an additional resistor to the circuit so as to extract maximum power
from the battery. It is known that the maximum power which can be extracted
from the battery is when the combined resistance of the four lamps and the
additional resistor is equal to the internal resistance of the battery.
State where the additional resistor should be connected so as to extract the
maximum power from the battery. [1]
(c)
Calculate the resistance of the additional resistor. [2]
(d)
With this resistor in the circuit, calculate the new total power dissipated in the
four lamps. [2]
(e)
Comment on whether the car owner has achieved his aim. [1]
JJC P3 Q3
32
a)
What do you understand by "internal resistance" of a battery? [1]
27
(b)
SAJC
Fig 3.1 and 3.2 shows two circuits X and Y that are used by a student to test a
battery of three identical cells. In circuit X there is no load resistor. In circuit Y a
load resistor is connected. You can assume that the meters in the circuits are
ideal. Their readings are shown on each figure.
Fig. 3.1
Fig. 3.2
(i)
Explain the difference between the voltmeter readings recorded in the two circuits.
[1]
(ii)
Calculate the internal resistance of a single cell. [2]

One of the cells in the battery is reversed. Determine the new reading
(iii)
1. on the voltmeter in circuit X,

2. on the ammeter in circuit Y. [3]
(iv)
The load resistor in circuit Y is replaced by an unknown device. The student finds
that the voltmeter reading decreases as the temperature of the device increases.
Suggest what the device is. [1]
Electromagnetism (Q34 Q35)

ACJCP2Q3 2008
33
(a) Define magnetic flux density and the tesla. [2]

(b) Sketch the magnetic flux patterns due to the following: [3]
28
SAJC
(i) a long straight current carrying
(ii) a flat circular current carrying coil
wire
Current
going in
Current
coming out
Current
going in
(c) A galvanometer has a square coil of sides 2.0 cm and consists of 40 turns of
wire. The coil is placed in two curved-poled magnets as shown below of flux
density 0.60 T so that for whatever positions of the coil, the magnetic field is
always parallel to the plane of the coil.
The coil with an attached pointer is held centrally between the curved-pole
magnets. The coil moves in the annular space between the soft-iron core and the
magnet. A restraining torque, provided by the spiral springs placed above and
below the coil is used to measure the current I flowing through the coil.
(i) When a current of 2.0 mA passes through the windings of the coil,
determine the torque on the coil due to the magnetic force.
(ii) Suggest a reason why it is necessary for a radial field to be used to ensure
that the magnetic field is always parallel to the plane of the coil.
29
SAJC
MJC P3
34
(a) Define the tesla.
[1]
(b) A positively charged conductor is placed at a distance from a negative stationary
point charge as shown in Figure 2.1. Sketch the electric field pattern between
them.
[2]
+
+
+
(c)
Figure 2.1
A current I is now passed through the conductor from (b). The charge is made to
move towards the conductor with a speed of 1.5 cm s-1. It approaches the
conductor at an angle of 30o as shown in Figure 2.2 below.
The magnetic field strength due to the conductor varies with distance from the
conductor. At a perpendicular distance 20 cm away, its field strength is 20 mT.
30o
Figure 2.2
(i)
(ii)
(d)
1.5 cm s-1
20 cm
3.0 C
Given that the magnitude of the charge is 3.0 C, calculate the

magnitude of the force experienced by the charge due to the magnetic
field of the wire when it is at a distance 20 cm away from the wire. [2]
Describe and explain how the charge will move initially due to the effect of
this force. [2]
In a separate experiment, another long conductor carrying current I is placed

alongside a horizontal flat coil of rigid wire.
I
Figure 3.3
(i)
Explain whether the resultant magnetic flux density at the centre of the
coil, P, is greater, smaller or unchanged when a current of the same
magnitude I flows through the coil, in a direction as shown in Figure 3.3.
[2]
30
SAJC
EM Induction (Q36 Q37)

ACJC P3 2008
35
(a) Define magnetic flux and explain what you understand by it.
(b) The diagram below shows a wire PQ of length l and a vertical conducting
frame of negligible resistance placed in a uniform magnetic field B which is
perpendicular to the plane of the frame. A light bulb of resistance R is
connected to the conducting frame. The wire falls vertically from rest and
slides in contact with the sides of the conducting frame which has negligible
friction.
X
X
X
X
X
Magnetic Field B
X
Q
X
X
X
X
X
X
(i) State and explain the direction of the induced current in wire PQ.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
(ii) Show that current I flowing through the light bulb is given by the expression
X
X
Blv
I
X R X
(iii)
Hence, determine the expression for the magnetic force acting on wire
PQ in terms of B, l, R and the velocity v of the wire PQ.
(iv)
Given that the mass of rod PQ is 5.0 g, l = 60 cm, B = 0.50 T and

R = 8.0 , determine the terminal velocity of the rod.
31
SAJC
VJC P2 Q2
36
A circular coil is placed with its axis vertical and a bar magnet, with its axis aligned with
the axis of the coil, is held above the coil and then dropped. A datalogger connected to
the coil records the e.m.f. induced in the coil at short time intervals and later draws a
graph to show how the e.m.f. varies with time, as shown below.
S
magnet
N
To
datalogger
coil
(a) The diagram shows the graph of e.m.f. against time obtained as the magnet falls
through the coil.
e.m.f./V
2.50
1.25
0
-1.25
-2.50
0
100
200
300
400
t/ms
Explain, using the laws of electromagnetic induction, the shape of the graph. [3]
(b) Give two arguments, one based on forces and one based on energy, to explain why
the magnet would take longer to fall if the datalogger were removed and, instead, the
ends of the coil were connected together.
(i) Based on forces: [2]
(ii) Based on energy: [2]
(c) Sketch on the copy of the graph, the graphs which would have been obtained if,
separately (with the datalogger again connected)
32
SAJC
(i) the coil had been replaced with one with twice the number of turns
[2]
e.m.f./V
2.50
1.25
0
-1.25
-2.50
t/ms
10
400
20
30
0
0 twice the height. [2]
(ii) the magnet had been dropped0 from about
0
e.m.f./V
2.50
1.25
0
-1.25
-2.50
0
100
200
300
400
t/ms
Alternating Currents
RJC P3 2008
37 (a) A hair blower used in Singapore is rated at 240 V r.m.s., 1000 W. A student plans to
bring the blower to the United States of America (USA), where the voltage is
120 V r.m.s. .
(i) Explain why the current from the mains is alternating current rather than direct
current.
[2]
(ii) It was suggested that the student needs to bring a transformer along to USA in
N
order to operate the blower. Determine the transformers turns ratio s .
[1]
Np
(iii) Determine the r.m.s. current which the transformer will draw from the USA outlet
when the blower is operating at 1000 W. State any assumption you have made
in your working.
[3]
(b)
Electricity is transmitted along the national grid using a combination of overhead and
underground cables. Suggest practical reasons why
(i) overhead cables are used outside cities. [1]
(ii) underground cables are used in cities.
33
[1]
SAJC
Quantum Physics (Q39 Q43)
ACJC Prelim 08
38 (a)
The Heisenberg position-momentum uncertainty principle can be stated as

follows:
where p and x are the uncertainty in the momentum and position.

An electron of kinetic energy 12.0 eV can be shown to have a speed of
2.05 x 106 m s . Assume that such an electron is moving in the x-direction and
that the precision in measuring its speed is 0.50 %. { = h/2}
(i) Show that the minimum uncertainty with which you can simultaneously
measure the position of the electron along the x-axis due to Heisenbergs
uncertainty principle is 5.65 x 10 -9 m .
[3]
(ii)
(b)
With reference to your answer to (a)(i) and the atomic diameter, comment on
the position of the electron if this is an orbital electron.
[2]
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is an electron microscope in which a

metal probe positioned at a distance d from a sample surface scans the surface.
The surface is maintained at a potential difference of 6.0 V with respect to the tip.
Find the value of d at which the tip-surface transmission coefficient T is 0.0001. [2]
34
SAJC
MJC Prelim 08 (part)

39
(a)
To assess possible damage to the target surface, the target was placed under a
Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (STM).
(i)
Briefing explain why tunneling is essential in the operation of an STM.
(ii)
A realistic scenario for the STM can be modelled as shown in a rough outline
depicted in Figure 7.4 below:
[2]
electron
V = 9.0 eV
Figure 7.4
d = 0.15 nm
Note that in Figure 7.4, V is the effective potential barrier height, and d is the
barrier width. Estimate the probability for an electron of energy 4.0 eV to tunnel
through.
[2]
(c)
The mechanism for electron emission in the x-ray tube is that of thermionic emission,
that is, emission due to heating. It is also possible for electrons to be emitted from a
metallic surface by the process of photoelectric emission.
(i)
Explain what is meant by photoelectric emission.
35
[1]
(ii)
SAJC
In a photoelectric experiment, a parallel beam of monochromatic radiation is

incident upon a metal surface of area 1.0 10-4 m2 in a vacuum tube. The metal
has a work function of 2.06 eV. The photocurrent against voltage graph is shown
in Figure 3.5 below.
I / A
0.13
-0.70
V/V
Figure 3.5
1. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted.

1]
2. Hence determine the frequency of radiation incident on the metal surface[2]
3. If one photoelectron is emitted for every 8000 photons incident on the metal,
calculate the intensity of the radiation incident on the metal surface.
[3]
TJC Prelim 08
40
c An electron in an atom is considered to be in a potential well, as illustrated by the
sketch graph of Fig. 8.3.
Energy
Fig. 8.3
Energy
level of
electron
in atom
0
(i)
Distance from
centre of atom
If the width of the potential well is about 1.0 x 10-10 m, determine the minimum
uncertainty in the momentum of the electron.
[2]
36
SAJC
CJC Prelim 08
Energy/ eV
41
-0.54
5
4
486.1 nm
3
656.3 nm
-1.51
434.0 nm
-3.40
-13.60
The figure above represents a typical energy-level diagram (not to scale) for hydrogen
atoms.
(d) An electron of energy 20.0 eV collides with a hydrogen atom in its ground state.
The atom is excited to level 2 and the electron is scattered with a reduced velocity.
The atom subsequently returns to its ground state with the emission of radiation.
Determine the velocity of the scattered electron.
[3]
37
SAJC
Lasers & Semiconductors

MJC Prelim 08
42
Figure 6.1 illustrates the upper energy bands in two different classes of solid at absolute zero.
The shaded areas represent occupied electron energy levels.
Solid Y
Solid X
Conduction
band
Conduction
band
~ 2 eV
Valence
band
Valence
band
Figure 6.1
(a)
State the classes of solids for X and Y.
(b)
[2]
At absolute zero, which solid, X or Y, will conduct electricity? Explain your choice using
band theory.
[2]
(c)
At higher temperatures, solid X can also conduct electricity. Explain, using band theory,
why this is so.
[3]
38
SAJC
Nuclear Physics (Q45 Q47)

CJC Prelim 08
43 (a) (i)
(ii)
State what is meant by the term nuclear binding energy.

[1]
Figure 8.1 shows the variation of binding energy per nucleon number.
Figure 8.1
A uranium-235 nucleus undergoes fission and produces two fission products of
approximately equal nucleon number. Using the data from Figure 8.1, estimate
the energy released from the fission of one uranium-235 nucleus.
[3]
(iii)
One other possible reaction for uranium-235 is

144
90
1
U 01n236
92 U 56 Ba 36 Kr 20 n
235
92
The masses of particles are given below:

Mass of 01 n
1.009 u
Mass of
235
92
235.124 u
Mass of
144
56
Ba
143.923 u
Mass of
90
36
Kr
89.920 u
Calculate the energy released by this reaction.

(iv)
[3]
Suggest, with a reason, which one of the two fission reactions of uranium-235 is more
likely to occur.
[1]
39
SAJC
(b) (i) Why is radioactive decay described as a random process?
[1]
(ii) Describe how you would demonstrate that radioactive decay is a random process. [1]
(iii) Explain why it is not advisable for pregnant ladies to be exposed to a radioactive source. [3]
(iv) Define decay constant.
[1]
(c) The nuclide 9038Sr is a beta-emitter of half life 28 years but the nuclide 23834 Pu emits two
groups of alpha-particles which differ in energy by 0.045 MeV.
(i) If a 9038Sr source emits many beta particles in one second today, estimate how long will it
take it to emit the same number of beta particles in the year 2064 A.D.?
[4]
(ii) Express the energy difference in joules.
[1]
(iii) Suggest how the energy is conserved in the two types of plutonium (Pu) disintegration,
despite there being this difference in the energies of the alpha particles produced. [1]
MI Prelim 08
44(a) Fig. 6.1 below represents an experiment on Rutherford scattering in which
particles are directed at a gold foil. The detector is shown in two positions in the
evacuated chamber.
Fig. 6.1
(i)
Why is it necessary to remove the air from the apparatus?
[1]
(ii)
Explain why the gold foil should be very thin.
[1]
(iii)
Explain why the count rate from the particle detector in

position 1 is much greater than that in position 2.
[2]
40
SAJC
VJC Prelim 08
45
Given
235
92
and
2
1
U 01 n45x Rh 113yAg 2 01 n
H 31 H42 He A
(a)
Find the number of protons and neutrons in the 235

92 U nucleus.
[2]
(b)
Determine x, y and A in the two above nuclear reactions.
[3]
(c)
For each reaction, state whether energy is produced and give an

example of where they can occur.
[3]
(d)
Write down a similar equation for the fusion of two atoms of deuterium
( 21 H ) to form helium of nucleon number 3.
[3]
(e)
In (d), given the mass of the deuterium nucleus is 2.015u, that of one of the
isotopes of helium is 3.017u and that of the neutron is 1.009u, calculate the
energy released by the fusion of 1.0 kg of deuterium. Give your answer in
electron-volts.
[6]
(f)
If 30% of this energy were used in a nuclear power station to produce

1.0 MW of electricity continuously, calculate the number of days that the
station would be able to function.
[3]
41
SAJC
Data Analysis
MJC Prelim
46
Ultrasonic sound waves (ultrasound) have frequencies outside the audible range of the
human ear, that is, greater than about 20 kHz.
As ultrasound passes through a medium, wave energy is absorbed. The rate at which
energy is absorbed by unit mass of the medium is known as dose-rate. The dose-rate is
measured in
W kg-1. The total energy absorbed by unit mass of the medium is known
as the absorbed dose. This is measured in J kg-1 or, as in this question, kJ kg-1.
Under certain circumstances, biological cells may be destroyed by ultrasound. The effect
on a group of cells is measured in terms of the survival fraction (SF),
SF =
number of cells surviving after exposure

.
number of cells before exposure
For any particular absorbed dose, it is found that the survival fraction changes as the
dose-rate increases.
Figure 1.1 shows the variation with dose-rate of the survival fraction for samples of cells
in a liquid. The absorbed dose for each sample of cells was 240 kJ kg-1.
survival
fraction
dose rate / W kg-1
(a)
Figure 1.1
(i) Read off from Figure 1.1 the survival fraction for a dose rate of 200 W kg-1. [1]
(ii)
(b)
Calculate the exposure time for an absorbed dose of 240 kJ kg-1 and at a
dose-rate of 200 W kg-1.
[2]
Survival fraction depends not only on dose-rate but also on absorbed dose.
Figure 1.2 shows the variation with dose rate of log10 ( SF ) for different values of
absorbed dose.
42
Figure 1.1
(i)
SAJC
Identify the line in Figure 1.2 that corresponds to the data given in Figure
1.1. Label this line L.
[1]
(ii)
Suggest a reason for plotting survival fraction on a logarithmic scale.
(iii)
By reference to Figure 1.2, complete the table of Figure 1.3 for a

dose-rate of 200 W kg-1.
Absorbed dose / kJ kg-1
50
[1]
log10 (SF)
100
160
240
340
450
560
Figure 1.3
[3]
43
(c)
SAJC
Use your values in the table of Figure 1.3 to plot, on the axes of Figure 1.4, a
graph to show the variation with absorbed dose of log10 ( SF ) for the dose rate of
200 W kg-1.
[3]
0
0.0
100
absorbed dose / kJ kg-1

200
300
400
500
600
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
log10(SF)
-2.5
-3.0
-3.5
-4.0
-4.5
-5.0
Figure 1.4
(d)
Theory suggests that at a dose-rate of 200 W kg-1, two separate effects may give
rise to cell destruction. According to this theory, one of the effects becomes
apparent only at higher absorbed doses. What evidence is provided for this
theory by
(i) Figure 1.2
[1]
(ii) Figure 1.4?
[2]
44
(e)
SAJC
The theory outlined in (d) suggests that the resultant survival fraction (SF)R due
to the two independent effects which have survival fractions (SF)1 and (SF)2 is
given by the expression
(SF)R = (SF)1 x (SF)2
(i) Give the corresponding expression of log10 ( SF) R in terms of log10 ( SF )1 and
log10 ( SF )2 . You may wish to use an equation of the form
[1]
log10 (ab) log10 (a) log10 (b) .
(ii) State how the graph of Figure 1.4 may be used to determine ( SF) R for an
absorbed dose of 560 kJ kg-1.
[1]
(iii) Discuss whether it is possible, by reference to your graph of Figure 1.4, to
determine separate values of (SF )1 and (SF ) 2 for the absorbed dose of 560
kJ kg-1.
[2]
N2007 H2 A Levels Paper 2 Question 7 (Data Analysis)

47 When some substances are in the solid state, they exist as positively-charged
and negatively-charged ions arranged in a cubic lattice, as illustrated in Fig. 7.1.
A starting point for the understanding of lattice energies is to consider the

potential energy Ep, between two ions X and V.
45
SAJC
Fig. 7.2 shows the variation with distance r between X and Y of Ep.
(a) (i)
The gradient G of the graph varies with the distance r. Show that, starting from
the definition of work done, for any value of r the magnitude of the force F
between X and Y is given by the expression
F=G
[2]
(ii)
Suggest how Fig. 7.2 indicates that, for some values of r, the force between X
and V is attractive and, for other distances, the force is repulsive.
[2]
(iii)
Use Fig. 7.2 and the expression in (i) to determine the magnitude of the
force, in newton, for values of the distance equal to
1.
2.8 x 10-10m,
[1]
2. 5.0 x 10-10 m.
[3]
46
(b)
SAJC
The variation with distance r of the potential energy E~ may be represented by the
expression
Ep
A B
r r8
where A and B are constants.

By reference to Fig. 7.2, state two features of the force represented by the term
B
in this expression.
r8
[2]
(c) Fig. 7.3 shows part of Fig. 7.2, drawn on a larger scale.
Thermal energy of the ions causes them to vibrate. The ions have a total energy
of - 6.0 eV.
(i) Use Fig. 7.3 to determine, for these ions,
1.
the values of r between which they vibrate,
2.
the kinetic energy of the ions at distance r= 3.5 x 10-10 m.
[2]
[2]
(ii) State why, although the ions are oscillating, their motion is not SHM.
[1]
(d) By reference to Fig. 7.3, suggest why the dimensions of the whole lattice increase as
it is heated.
[3]
47

H2 2008 ALL JC Prelims Questions (2013)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

H2 2008 ALL JC Prelims Questions (2013)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

All JC 2008 Prelims Selected Questions

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

Show that the acceleration of the elevator is 7.37 m s-2.

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

State the principle of conservation of momentum.

A 0.25 kg skeet is fired at an angle of 30 to the horizontal with a speed of

Determine the velocity of the skeet at the maximum height of 7.96 m.

Forces (in Equilibrium)

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

What is meant by the momentum of a body?

An isolated nucleus of mass 4.0 x 1025 kg is initially at rest. It decays,

Find the speed of the alpha particle.

Before the decay described in (d)(iii), the nucleus is situated at point P on

Hence, indicate with an arrow, starting from P, the direction of movement

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

Work, Energy, Power

Circular Motion, Gravitation and Electric Field (Q7- 19)

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

From Fig. 7.2 and Fig. 7.3, find the

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

Hence, find the resultant acceleration of the mass M at B.

Another mass 2M is moving at 5.00 ms-1 along the same

Explain why there is a difference. [2]

State the location which shows his true weight. [1]

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

A particle rotates anticlockwise in a horizontal circle of radius 20 cm with

Describe the motion of Q.

State the relationship between y and a. [1]

Sketch a labelled graph to show the variation of a with t.[3]

Another shell is launched with the

The following graph shows the

By considering the total energy of

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

State and explain what the work done

Figure 2 shows the path taken by a

cannot be used to calculate the force

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

Calculate the distance d between plates A

Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational field strength at B. [1]

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

By considering the separate

Explain why all the values of

State the equation relating field -2.6 x 105 J kg-1

Deduce the value of radius R and

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

Find the distance between A and a point X, where the

Find the resultant electric potential at X due to A and B. [2]

Find the magnitudes of

the electric force of the proton on the electron.

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

The period T of the orbit around the Sun is given by T 2

where R is the radius of the orbit,

Show that the equation is homogeneous in terms of base units.

Thermal Physics (Q20 Q22)

The molecular kinetic theory leads to the derivation of the equation

Two different gases at the same temperature have molecules with

Hence or otherwise, explain why in the earths atmosphere, there is

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)

TJC Prelims 2008

The change in internal energy of a gas is proportional to its change in

H2 Physics Revision (ALL JC 2008 Prelims)