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MR hes (le BP Ay, eae TE AR” HW A ST Hi “5 He” Clocated ) HAZ IEG 2 Td Set IL A He AR HS HS SABA A J ‘AR DC 0 SS A a 1] BJ PP set BS SY ee SERRS WE RNS TON PRAM ERBE BE FAS HS SAM KO Ra PRS 7% HB BY FAR. LAS (2) de as BS FS SB — RO ERT S.C) HEHE 538 TE RG)S, Ce) 8B) TR MT LK — AW ER BUFR TBR Ste) SW = RWS, (2.3.1 ROH 3X3 RARE EL ARS, (0) HE HD TT RE R[S.@) NB RES SHE EY ah OED S EAE BD) LTR PRR AE A AY JL AOL FEAR, MTR ER SUD RRR, a 5. = OS.1S., (2.3.2) S@) = 8.0. ROS) = ROS), (2.3.3) RO = ROSAt) + B,C) (2.3.4) = ROD [S.C]. SEAty Boe BANS PB EC a = RA, (2.3.5) , aR A= RE LARKE ABHLHBRS.ORADBESRBRLS DE BA Ree — th AFAR BAe TT RE A PE Te By ASE By By aE a SP OR RO) = Plemp] AG 4], RO) = 1 2.3.6) ¢ PBR aR te HS ae BB 8 pF Rt» ae PA JR RO AEF 43 7 R= 1+ facnd +f. faa racndar (2.3.7) Me ML Re) At Fay VL A in BE ABE. AY i>7@), (2. 3. 8) di rae, A> Aft, ROARK. BL, BOS RG) Ze RABY Oo, A OF fo et fa) — a EPIL RC) AG Dy AR ARR OE PBT BR ART FG BG LH. FAM VTE HEARSE al SL a = As TS.) (2.3.9) WH RER— EMR SO) FS. Fl ERS. FEW BL BEE S. ASF IE HE OS, 3| BOR E B Aas [S,]. ERD 2 RAMS, FE — PWS fl Ccangent space)S. 0. BE RERISMLMHREH HERS S. He RAR AY — 4S A 5 HE WS Wh S. SR ET Fat HO EIR cos) IO SE SOR #[S,] = 0.08.) (2.3.10) RSE S. WRB. RA RORTR$2.3 BIE Mah (Motion of Deformable Bodies) 1s ye RW ~ exp] fS,] + 48.. (2.3.10 AA RL OTS. RR 0 HAREM. BBR He Bh 3. = O[S.1S., (2.3.12) Rey -— RWO US.) (2.3.13) HOR > Aa D+ OP '. (2.3.14) BAF AF BRT AB LE EH BT UA A”, FRET ol Hj A EBS, Ya He OSE Pe RC) oS "FE SBE 5 A TB TE STE AE DB A AE fal Sh TE FE, RAR BD AL — Bp LA A. A FP BR A a RA RAR LBD S5 OF OT FEF AR OA A Ge oe Hak (Be ATR DD. RE TEA AE Wb Ak SIE [A ies hE RHE. BY he = ES fe RoE 3B), — HRT AY TE A SORE EE OR ‘apa 09 2 Od FUSES 2 RE, BY — Bo HU TE AR, — A BY FEAR AB UA J A V9 AR He HE S/Es "BOSE, BOB AR DE LPR). BEF ide) BE IRS SAY BEC SSHR D RMR RA MBB RES BAS (Ey 2A S/E, BRS BS HMMM TRS A REE 25 MAS A (S/S AS RH BERALMRER— FEU RS et BU A AK AS» AR SH — PP IAG eA Sie Bh Hb. AM BRA MBBS SX eon, ee xX we [1] Santanden M. Am J Phys, 1992,60.782 [21] Hart JB, Mitlea RE, Am J Phys, 1989,55.67 [31 Holstein BR. Contemporary Phys, 1995 36-936 [4 [s BER em sR aH J Berry MV. Phys Todays Dec 1990.34 J] Berry MV. Bristol Anholonomy Celender. In; Chambers RG, et al. ed. Sir Cherles Frenis ORE. PRS; An Hightie'h Bicthday Tribute. Bristol: Adam Hilger, 1991. 207-219 7 Hannay J. Berry MV. J Phys, 1988,A1E 515 J Berry MV. Five Lectures on Quantum Adishatie Ankolonomy, Lecture 3. 19900 4% HED 8] Berry MV. Some Geometric Phases, Lecture Notes, 19934 # #8) 1 Shapere A, Wilecek , ed, Geometrical Phases in Physics. Singapore: World Scientific Publ Co Ltd, 1589, 119-460 IO] Wilezek F. Phys World, Feb 1989.38 - 38 [LI] Shapers Ay Wilezek 2. J Fluid Mechs [989.198.5577 [2] Ciull S. CERN-TH. 3973’#U, Aug. 1984# = # BI 6F PW LR §3.1 Rytov —Vladimirskii #2 ft SRHFEACFEPSKENMERR FHL KOME EB MAKKARMAA AR BAER BIER 8 PIA MR AM ADEN EMH KERR. 1938 4 KW S. M. Rytov RR MUS. NTE Fe REAR HI Sh Be Ae Ey EARL. "Rytov 7B EAD Ph IL fal HOHE Snell HAE AE, IT WW RE EMER HMR RER, AREY BL A ROHAN SRM RRS -- EM BRR, RO AF BB ah 1947 OE RR AV. OV. Viadimirskii tt HET Rytov EH TED T Rytov CPB BU BOF SA -ABRSREORAAS RON HE RET A EMBL TE THE Sh. BA Rytov - Viadimirskii APE Bi BT 88 6 ADR Canholonomy) i) — #7), BRR ABT ee BO BIA. 40 REG 1989 FERRE RE AMT A RIMMER Beeb RR AAS Se ER RMB. §3.2 Pancharatnam 362: Fa 40 4F Fig (1956 4E),S. Pancharatnam 2 EU HE A 2 BE BE HE (Proc. Indian Academic Science) S #A9— 4 XB, MER ABE18 BSR CALE HH MERR BR WRBAG A = te 1986 PFREFRM CHASM S62 FTE JE ER — REM, Pancharatnarn FFE — } Ft AE Hy fej A (2 RC AAR A OT» EAE i EEE ATT Te Ea fh AEE Ge AT aS FES, ABA CE AR eT A TL RAGS TGR IX — fF A fe) AEB) 1956 AF Pancharatnam LATA BE Bed. Pancharatnam #5 ch 3 Kt, A TSP A: PL HE Md fe 3S FB HE HR BE IMs BH A A tS A A A HR J HA AE OR Be BB XE. ABT BEA A ERA. AIBD. EM PRAM. F-RRAAT ED RGR TRAT RBA MRE aN D v90H 701. Pancharatnam 2 HK H | A)AN| BZ fe AH — CAB WANE. (A) BORE | ADB BO RA, LEER ORE HKSMBRK, Ty Ea FA, cet be IE Beh. B31 RAE Mb CE A | A Lt BB BE ae BeBe A BGS DR, a a op BIE a et RUBH|AtA). a d|Ay = |A+dA)y— JAd, (3.2.1) At (Ald|A> =0 (3.2.2) FEM TOR MA KAO Te ate MM, dB | ABR HAT IARALR-RARAWER, RBM EAH Es SAR 3 | Ad Bh ab HR 3. 2.2) Re aD IO ee PAR BAR EE (TFG Bh. BR LOTS a. | AD AER TTL | AD IBD AR ERRGKAZ SM, FBP ONE RES | DRS, at83.3 APPR REA i 49-3] | A) Al B) ALAS. AL Pancharatnam ##H—-RBBZMA BR PHAR PEAR AL fe 7 46 BYE mon-transitive). BAT R | Ad 5 | BAR, [ESIC RBM HM ASIC MA EA. OY a a FAA HES EOD | ARR ERA LAW AG | Ad RR YA. | A> SADT ZH: (A|Al) = exp si $2 ne . (3.2.3) FOP Qeec ke Ri = A4 ABCCE 3.1) Xt BRO IB na BT RFP IB we B FA. BAR UT S* fe 1 8 SS KE, BK Poincare RR, AABC RERRGLNE AE. FE. RANA SB) Pancharatnam 5 Hi #9 te 4H OY fi BF Fels JL bbe He fe ER EP A ARS, DA — Be RUC Tit Ja CF ie EO PA HY. 83.3 AP HEP GRR aR BARR RB. D RMR CER HEAL SS TLS A BM RA AGH U1 PB BEG 5 Ab EB IN my URE ATF TH 0 HA EEE DD REA TAANER. p RHORT okt IMR E, FA TG EEE PERE ERT RGR ah. YORU SL AR A HE AOL LAT Se EN ER. BS A Rb AURD ORR MRM Oe he BAR BAe, RL SE RO eA HE TT A. Eos) = exp iBsF (OC sms) + Cys) J. G31 tA Maxwell FEA: a {Qi C3] (“one ir(s) E (sy ies) 0 col 3.3.2)7) RSE SAKE OM RRR 3.2 eR eis Fre Ju fe Af ES a Be EF A AL Ctorsion) 3 2 (E48 iE x Br am/h (3.3.3) AA Hite HEP GSR EMD Be. HP /22< 1 MRA, PR BL CAE A AN A GA FR. RD SE RUE A SEE 0 HR Game ERG. 3. aE Crer/eis) = tanfe— [dere 3.3.4 Ba EC WRK. 3.1)... 3. ORR s Ele OM TMB ZEAL SP OE AT a. Be TARE et — BA $05H THOR» Q= in — faves, G38) FRET AB BH AG TL Ai A He AY 9 EA HE HF BS a ce ETE AR BE SE ROL H A T OR 18], Ze RE AT EP A ASE a A UE OE AE DP I B TE H . 83.4 HA REDE BE ES AS BLS 89 Maxwell FES54 Aeahae Roa curlE = — aB/a divE = 0 curlB = + dB/& divB = 0 CAlc=1 BERD ABABA BSAA cul # Liz) = 2H +i), 3.4.2) (3.4.1) Sp BOK EE f= col(E 4 iB.E —iB) = col P' YO), (3.4.3) “col a 9 % HB Column vector, bE i%=ne, (3.4.4) HTS 6% 6 HEBEL FS a AY tH 3x 3 IR ER. 3x3 | oo o 3BxS BENG. ORR UR EB H RE RA BRM A, ERBRIE. MA Maxwell Fy 2h Ao th — A divE = 0, divB = 0, (3.4.5) apa: div = 0. 4.6) SEAL TOS OE RE 3. 4 2 AE ot WH AYA YE ER — EAE Be I, HORE Sh AVES EIB BE ETE ADL. UN Ho Wa LI — 3 RB SE a BB PEE Maxwell 1 A SYS FEAR Oy Maxwell Fy FE 3 —-f a BEAR. JEU — os a WBS ET. 9G SS PF 09 A ~—R AY S ] h — UL — Fe ER Uransitive group) — ht # HY STOR 38 (6 — a BF AE BR SS AR EE ee A TR RHE AT PET RAS FBR he PMS AS REn Se SAO EERE . RNR ICS A BE Le a ET SK — FE SWS HTD » IL fal BR SE TE 5 £0 FSF AL 9 SU BR He RD Whaat PARSE TOS A Bem ROD), Ai ADK Cholonomy group). Xf Maxwell Fy @, Ob Al RPE EAE PU SA BRE, ely 1D AF Ae A SR BI JH. ARAB Wilczek -Zee aki ESE 5 Pe Hp BH TE Ba] AR SF A ah OS ARMS BR IR). $e x ww £1] Rytov S M. Dokl Aked Nauk, 1938,18,63 £2] Viedimirskii VV. Dokl Akad Neuk, 1941,21;222 (3) ERRAFSWs, Markowski B,Vinisky $1, ed. Topological Phases in Quan tum Mechanics. Singapore: World Seientific Puble Co Ltd, 1289 [4] Pancharatnam S. Proc Indian Acad Sci, 156,444,247 [5] Ramaseshan S, Nityananda R. Current Sciences 1986455: 1226 {6] Berry MV. J Mod Phys, 1987,34,1401 C7] Berry MV. Notures 19874326277 [8] Berry MV. Fundamental Aspects of Quantum Theory. In: Gorini V. Frigerio A, ed. Plenum, NATO ASI Sesies, vol 144; 257 - 278 [9] Wilczek F, Zee A. Phys Rey Lett, 1984,52:2111en # wR OR BARE PRY RAY BRE tS 0) a ROAAHE NER. BARBIE 70ERURA RARER R FR ~~ ARAB ER 8 SL GP RA BE eT FY Fe AG He TH A A A A 2 HARBZY RARUADR RK AMSA THSIER EW HL RSF GAS ABP, ee EAR BY BL 4 “EE ay — 2. fa AG WSL PEL Bek a A Ar YE TR “AB =” Cyn FL Fy AAS SR“ a Fh SE FOE BN” FP a Te — HER RE. STREAM TED CARPAL ARE ER ASE PoE tPA he RA, (ER — AE A. 1975 4 8 ARB N—+ MT ff a AES Rh eB — 4 BB A. Ga OS mE th BE ART AFG HE Cf He BAG A 9G SB eR 9 TB — JR A) ER I EE. RA FE PES GRE b RA le a. BR BE AE RS FASE A RMR AR ~ BE OY A RS TB RR UO AE RR I Ts PRAT EAM «20 FE PATE BE BS A AST 2 HE A a a KUMAR TE ith TO SORE RSE ASE. BA BE URR-ARU REN SBR RARER EI EREMo AGK © HOR ide A — A Gs Hd 29 EDT a. SARE AOR Ay TE DRE a HR Ke Be SATA. PF PR a Ss Pa hE A A AR SOUS BTL Hey (BAR EA AT DIR HY UE ART AH WOH BS SY ME Diracl 931 FM LE. Dirac Hw ARR A AV BES — 4 2 2S a BE Se 5 — HL BRA SFE AB EP BRE fy AG”. a FEE A en BT Dirac Cit WIAA AL B05 HH ALIS BN Ae FE MORERSPUARPRORARH AROS, RAR RES HF a, Ai FF LE — PB EK a= G01) FH Dirac TS. Re ee BS IGG RR ES Ml KD AE HE I. ED BE Fe eR EY RR Sip TX AY AY RIE FEM HR PR HR”. ty TE OR AG eB Sy LA RR HH A HH OA BRETUPRAAAS. AAEM AER RE SEA Fo] AD 2S (D8 BH EE AM A $4.1 Bet RK A BGT 2 HORA ER Be RE PA — BH aa oe, 11) ?AWHER v Be. Jy EWS HH RPG Bb 3 9 Oe Es Sas (41. DRA BI ACP). Re A SH BTS41 OH em RR as V+ B= dngdir). (4.1.2) DEAF Sia Os PE OV + 0 A BAAR RBM EM B=VXA, (4.1.3) V+B=0; (4.1.4) CORREA REAR RARER YAW ORY C11. 2) 0 a8 FB O Dirac IA TMI ee LA a RE, BA AL gC — cosé) A, = 05Ay = 014g = SO 4.1.5) BPR AGO PME cB On) AAD, HCA 1. Tt vxa= Seta, (4.1.8) dagd(2)d(yr,, 2<0 C=, B= 1.7 lo, z>0 @=0, “h? BREN = Hb HAR OH. WEAR fy TR 3 AY eo B=VUXA-B,, (4.1.8) RR WBE XA aR RHE. DRA (4 8 W414 2,5) OLA RAE FH. VA BFE SCOT PA Fe A A HM BA BP A GR A at HME, PRR. ERIE i 2 A GSS. 4.1. SIC BEA Dirac AA a AP FE a A RB a Bs, WEN RE. 1 OR. 4.1 DRAB WS AB ETL A A «9 — A, = 0,Ay = 0,4, —~ £0088 rsin@ * (4.1.9) RETR 2 SEER FN.26 Foe ee RK Vx a = Sr +B, 4.1.10) oC Oo @=n) B, argh aid(ye 2 < Wercetate) = argd(2 (yr, 2>0 (=O), B= Sra KA Bin (4.1.12) PE. BEN Schwinger HRRABH. TE FAA BOG PT 4, 1. 5) GA, 1, HEB BAS (LY OF fe SK a MU C4. 1. SBP CA. 1. 12) SREY 3h B. FASB Hk ye LE OB A SR tA SEMI: ABA ERAS SP ERR AEE A — A RE RH AC), We RI Of AC) = dry CR IR A. Ls He BLE Qe D> 0 BPARAA C OR HRA AE 27,8) = 2egC1 — cost), (4.1.13) 4 6-0 N.OG,.4)=0; Oe SEM th OM x Ul Oe SETI Arn) = Ang. (4,1. 14) fe = BEC RRA BER ARR Qr,7) = 0. (4,115) BOM CA. 1. 140 Ble ACr) ER PARTY AE AER. BER HS FAS De OR RE RR 3M ES dB BS BE As OR RAP CB,, 3K HGRA SMR SAGHHRH, SRAMHRERS AA HEE BAGH A BORE MH DOE 1H DARE ERE ARIK EE ER, SK On RIS IO A vere PR] AL LAF SL ST ie 9 J Ge fey A AGE SE» SER FAP EDA ETRE I RR SBE RH AR AY —S42 a Te Ht a7 1 TH Ba $4.2 MAP T RA SR GE EE AEH A AcE PF RE GRIE At SPR A iG — PAF ER RT i A FER ARP RE-REARRESD RARE TE Aharonov - Bohm 3:3 +} #8 ff 3240, Aharonov - Bohm 3 #41 8 4.2 Bim. 4.2 Aberonov-Bohm FRR EM M43 RFR APRA A BR 070, He KR O—0 Abaronov - Bohm 32 #048 48 , 7 7 GE BH 2 BRP FAL 4. 2 02 oR a O40, HEL SS RR O=0, 1 THE O=0 GREY APO RRP RH RERA NEA ee, RA TT RS FR 2b DAR, eh PIA CLE DR Ae LAR BF eR, ae HA A OD,2 Bue me Db T4OAC RMN—AA ARAL ADK WS. ED FEARS RT BHR RRA RK BE POR RS LR HS. a PA fiz & dn Aharonov - Bohm 3290 Si 2 AERP AE A NE AY BTR,» WR BR AY HK ARP AE OD RD is ER SEAL Ze yO AF ka HEE AT yt iag= if eA) - de, 4.8.1) ; Che 1) 4§ 4.1. SD RBA. 2. DR REC FR 28H = MUTA BT Ap= few + dr = dage, (4. 2.2) ERAHZVAMRAR UR Ag = inns (4. 2.3) n Wee. d4uge — Onn, (4. 2.4) «ast (4.2.5) JAAR AEARW Dirac fT TIGR. MRSA Schwinger fy MERA HA, RB egn, «4, 2.6) 3X & PEAK Schwinger Ay ra AT HF 1b RAE. Schwinger BIE OB SA Fe BE 48 TB PR. 18 DE ER 2 BE. RMAFLAC RED THEM AR. £1 Pea MU HPRMS TCR ABARR ARE PRR i Hs BB AER — Bie BBS ene, 4.2. 7a) e-t a Z, & 2g OM Tu Fa ae Os RE MT BRO, (4.2. 7b)$4.2 Meera 2 RRB ARAM —TERHKBER, CEL PLA ABTS BI aT A et Ge TE & fol aa oak OR eT EE RE A TA PE Sli). Schwinger WRG MEM ER TRIE RE CB BART LAE EREGE RM S EIR BO EH S FEM aD oh Ba He. SE i eT fe a wh ia wh HHA BH eH flan, H= Pn éal’, (4.2.8) TS Lam Hs FP EM w=P- a, (4.2.99 P=-iy, AY ha Fe AR A walixcy Ka), (4.2.10) 7 Ast EAE. ACA. 2.10) KOT AR TES TORK FF BRA — Ey A EB, ME. 2. LOD ea hE. RA. 2. 10) RL EE OR a Kb je = j,-0, 4.2.1) HEX-RRSH-APRAGMAG FORKRBMEATE LAE, Pry =0, BHRAKL. 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(4.3. 8) & WM CC, WR HE AY ae — 400) — Ay =—[ [V.Be — a) + doy =v, Br —a)do}, (4.3.99 & An (r) = [ac ~a)-do=— al aa) 280. 4. 3.10) AYO) — AV@) = Vag ~ gf 8G — de, (4.3.11 Aa CY PARA HE o HT Aas G4 Cr) Eo HE BL Jk ESE A aA re HHRER. £4. 3.1ORBI SSS AGE o RE 7B 36 i BATE Be Fo ol TB ve Va BP A) PV BE a OB RAH dng. eAAn = Ange, (4. 3.12) 4 RF A wat (4. 3.13) ROS A RE AT Hey AA, = 2an. (4. 3.14) KG. 3.1K HS RMB RET Ao BLA HESERL— A Sb TSK CC, A RAB AA SEB AB BF TM ER MBN AY AA, ERE2 ae ee Be 4) 0 oF nt i He 9. Whiner, (4. 3.15) OL Fes EF Ae oe EP BAA. 8, 14) eA A, On FE Ay ESE OM TI FE RG ER A A HE Hilo WA FLA ARMA AATMERBRA RE. WE FRAC (4. 8. TD RAY Oo BOM GE — A ROR EAL AL, HF Aa, 78 MES HE CTE SF BCH OAD ay A PE A A RF A A: HER, RH SREBMARER, 4.3. 1IDAN FAG) RRR NP — ie ER. 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A RRO RS FEM BR.36 moe mR (2) FIG BEES BER PRE C4. 4. 8), (4. 4. 9), C4. 4 109 AEN RBRALEKR TREN PRA RSRBAKH OR 7B ROMP B89 BGR. ih Wia,P) = dceexo[ — iel’ Anarda, | (4.4. 16) TE PE LHS IE Be «BE RL AB BEST BUH DA 0 9 HP BL Wer, PEAK BL BG AE EN aR — HH Ent 5 KE PH iy SE Pa. LL A PP x. 1) ARAB AER ER. 1 1S RRR PRES BL BA Pe A, 4.1794. 4, 12h, RAE BE ERD HA Bote TBST OE oh C2) ATH AT TFN AAT Ae RSL A I For AR MS Ob RE RG AGRI IK. PART AR PWG 1974 TES SHRP TAR th AO BR EN DOME LE it ih oe BN SR NT Te FF OPO BS Te A Ok PE “ROS PEAR, TU ARC aR BS A eH OT RS HT FL. BOAT AT HK 29 BAAR (global formulation). AGRA RO - ARS A, BRM FRR WY AE MS AEP SR HE A 2 SE > Bk hy Hh oe PE A A Ek eS A Fe AD ET A, fe PR AA. HT Abaronov ~ Bohm MAYO ASS A ES A AA A Ae BO Ae OY TE ML AF Ae Ka AE BA FW VE He SE CEA TH RO aR MBE) ok Oe RAR ABLE 23 OR LB BE EL ART VA Hae Se Da Op Ae OP OR eT RE - AY EA. 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REPRE RA SHA AMT S=S,+S,, 0 = 21m — edhaca) «a8, 4.5.7) n= Sinn, 9S Re RTE RK. aS PL RR HY Sa, = 05 HI Ea, 0 FDA AES A AT ER ES. GE BERG RAN- REEMA MSRAMPEREEK. E DUBE T A Ca) Be Be) 6 YR BEA — BR A HD PR AC 5. 7) AY AOR A HT 9H RR HE fee + dS = 4zg, (4. 5.8) 2nn = 4nge, (4.5.9) eg 2 Eo 2° BOWE Dirac BT LAR Ee 8 3 Fe EE FAG TE TE HE ST RB SPF 8 EP aE HR BERGFRARADHHAR. EAP PHKMAB RG A BEN RRB NEE. BRA TEAR. BER BE FAAS GET SARA Ge AA Oh RS EA) BA Dirac RRS BAS 1 WERE EL gi2)=0), $4.6 REBAR AOR OR, BEA SO(390- Pl 1831 4 5 Dirac!” Bh ts ay PE Oy BR CRS OR OT BLA A ak — Ow 2 Be HEAR TY A Fe a A» eG I oy HOO, BAR RET SE 4 A REAP — a PAR40 Aas we Ett. HEM LARS PB, 1974 HBR FH TRE GMATBAY RRA A Dirac: 7, Mandelstam 73% A 48 tt Bk 92 J 9 A Te A] Ba PN 5 — Be HE” SA AE 99 SE OL A OE PFS ARH BE Be , FAX Ph ARES Be AA, Sy TA AE 4 RN MRE BORG EL HO, RY TRU ER BOWE EL E57 89 BR SP IL al az BH— Gauss - Bonnet MMAR. 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APM ie eA GHAI Xoa=1e2. sn MBH WER WS CHBN fi ye Pile) = aw: a Wi SW: ae eT CWE. 4.6.4) Fh CORR GW) i9 H, SUE A Ae he RBS etda AY ALAC Oe a ME oT Ba Oy oeete =I + gWir) de", (4. 6.5) J AE — AR A PL i ESB BA HL A OT LA 28,” Be a ERG MMS AR EUR MT RB R UCD BH MH. RNG HRA—S UCD FH HLH BREN, RARUX CEABR PDA RR AREF RRB Wo MBB Ff, AF BE ARE — PRES WBE SY BRA, 6. 4) PR ER Fd AE ON 4 HE BEE (curl), 28 RMAF A Yorrvds = 1 + igW dz", (4, 6. 6) 3R—TMPENAF HAE42 eae Re eW,de", BUF Stokes a2 Bt. 49 Bl G8 E95 + A & LBA — AS A (AS Fete, (4.6.7) Ap de 7A RAE MBC. 6. OAM ARB S AS BUF CORRE EM 40 = + || ef,.do*, (4. 6. 8) XS BY CHARI Tim. (4, 6. DRA RAM, BAM HE FF a nh eh a OL SO aE MS OE 45 Christoffel 4 . S298 S38 10 F iil RIK PERN AB RF C4. 5) BF 28 BS PALES HH TE UA 0 ea BL A ISS, 08 BL SP AD 2 7m AE Ht Se As = me (4.6.9) z fer dow <4. 6. 10) DW — Riek AOS’, (AW FAP RAR I RS FRE C — fa ya 05 4 i AE AT A RE Eo AB A, S A= — AG + 2am, WH 4. 6. SACS, 6. LOC 4 Ga indo® = 2mm, (4.6.1 3 AG a ABH IE. 6. 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SOOKTH SOC2) Ce, 0, ) 8 ey WHI, RRR C= LOTAA EAR BEM PRR MER ILA LKR YE BM RAKED RK“a sue ee BLS GREER KA PKA SHH c..e, MERAK RM = HH SHEER A ML WY ALI FH CREE RIERA ALE ETTS INKS (SRM D. RREGOP RH LARD dst = rd@ + r*sin’adg?, REMI go (40= 1,2) 8 r 0 0 sin?é, } G71 Hag SE ye oe ah ea BAY Christoffel # n-| Ree a fet Py joe= 162% Mm=Ph= 088 Tl, =— sindeos®; 4. 7.2) SES) ft — 0. RES MEER Pd, ADD, 0 0 r 0 = singeost (Pn) = I cu | p= | cose : sind sind e (4.7.3) SO C2) HF BY AE RD x; (3 ale (4.7.4) FERED) 5 BUTEA F WE, ADL AY. {A OO EA SAM AR ee, BEAR MER ILL ER ER OTE CAPR ILI dO B reinddg) . Ate. A ANE AS SEM, HS ART ENO ARSE ABET BER AB BE ~ jr 0 = Mv, = 7. o=Me, M (j anal 4.7.5) Sev WRT LR ee AE DEH P= MPM + Mam, 4.7.6)$4.7 SOC3)AF SE Ate FB 45 FB AS itt 0 cos? haa, B= cosé 9 fo cosOX,. (4.7.7) se TD. WHS Wi RRR. P= Wiks (4.7.8) a ti gWt= 0, gWt=—cosd, (4.7.9 LRA wy Wi 6 . Pym fa = Bh apa + 720 Aiba = 0. ERG BH RHR Gfraasas ~ ["asl"a0 ae = ain PB UE A Wa eR Ag Tae Ae, IGA RE RAAT wed (4.7.12) #O(4. 5.99 4.5. 10) RG ARE A oh RA eA = 2088 3, (4, 7.13) BE BRA = ee = be (4.7148) rising” ~ ert? BREA EAM PRR. E93 2 3 RAE A SB ART A 0 APH FF EDD EB O= 0m ARORA By FE, SO Be A A 9 Ay 0B) te Asai 2n, BRAG EAT ALF Schwinger” ty Re 3 SPAR. PAR A FRE EAR HY. (LOL EE OR RR HR its GLEE SOG) — PFA eae oe46 _ ame oe OR ARK e, Re, RRA ER b ROPE RTT WY (O08 te Be PAR SOLE 8 SP RE. PAN, 8] PL ES FE AE WD VA FY cys MEA MH DR vy =8¢ costeoss — sing sindeos S = leosésing cop singeos|, 4.7.15) — sin? 0 cos LEME ERT OH aWEX, = SeWEXS 45957, (4.7.18) JESSE c= 6.0.7 FMB ery. oS ewi=| 6 (4.7.17) Is RAF MRA. Hooke!) 9 AT ED HE C4. 5.17) aR BR RSD ALMA RAR RAMA SHAK R HTB F. oe xe C1] Dirac PAM. Proc Roy Soe (london), 1931, A133:60;Phys Kev, 1948+74+ 817 [2] Zumino B. In, Ziehichi A, ed, Strong and Weak Interactions ~ Present Prob- lems. 1966 International School of Physics “Ettore Majorena”, CERN - MPI - NATO Advanced Study Institute Exice, June 19-July 4. New Yorke Academ- jes 1966 [3] Yang CN. Phys Rev, 1970, D1,2306 £4] Yang © N. Phys Rev Lett, 1974, 33,445 [5] Mendolstem S. Ann Phys, 1962. 1941 163 Hooft G'r, Nucl Phys. 1974, 879,276 <7] Schwinger I. Phys Revs 1962, 125.1407; Phys Rev, 1966, 1441087 (81 Hicke Nf. Note on Differentical Geometry, Vol 2:815 258. 3 FMLA MAR$4.7 SOC PBN TLR eA a7 (91 Ln ow Laz RE ROTC BH) Wu TT, Yang CN, Phys Rev, 1995, D12:3845 FE BS. ADA PME 1975, 25.507; FESR MR) »1975,No. 2 SHER MS BH, 1978, Chan HM, Scharbach P, Ann Phys NY, 1985, 165,396S He AP Bry Dd On 3 Ye Sy EL as i th §5.1 KE B MS AS IM ES eR Fy =O. Pe = 0. G11) F 28 BEG AK 7 kB A Oe BEA AL BLA PRES R= aA, — ay, (5.1.2) EEE Ay = Ag+ 3A (5.1.3) Fo Padi RAE Ha. MF te Sb Ek SNL GE P,=0,4,=05% RRL A,=0 tO. RFE A HEF F,, = 0<—+ A, = 0 (5.1.4) ESS OY Bt A,=0 (5.1.5) AN AeA TEL AE — A wa Goeth EMF A ot NE PLA] 00 oft ngose (5.1.6) SAME EE AE Me AS FES SAR TE ON — ROR TE EF A BBE ASA MR No LEE HL ET ARAB eA SL Ce hE CR BRE A, 0 ON MRE OE. SLE TE 1 AF TA A ES 2 Ba aE49 (5.1.79 gai a Fu=ts h= (AR at a ER Ala) = Aa) + ig Gag) G.1.8) A, a) =AR(QIT*» Alc) BR HT? Fa Ae BT AS BS AE To eg OQRMCHAR : Bz) = OT, 5.1.9) F(x) = 4,A,— 3A, + [4,4]. (5.1.10) RAS AAAS OAR, F,.~0 RE SER A,—0. UU: 4F =O RS A—0 ZH RSA Ai AAO? PERRY 5 4,=0 MESH GEDA Ala) = ig” (Dae). 1.11) A. M. Polyakov!"] 48 eh st SU (2) SLi STE TE — RAIS HG eS KPA ALC) e@=T, Ar) = 0, RO@)— & oe + ae get VAG BO Ca) = [eP@T. MALI). (5.1.12) Ans OA, BRE SU(2HREBAS, EMNZMATAR Bl? QO) ENA PH ORRE nO, 1. nin BR EH (winding number) () ENZARE~-~T+HR, 2 AAUP RH RA AC) TMB AC) TBI A= 0,4 Aa) = {F-2)"4c@. (5.1.13) an i AT, Ai (ra) =PACe) = 0, BR: 1 (5.1.14) a=- > i, A'(r.a) =VACr),50 HER $MARRERRSHH ROL a HA - BRA KF BB Lat AOA — 4 (2). 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BO SEAR RE ALAS RATE S BAIR LS A HST AES AE, 90 FRMAS. IR eae 80 ARCA ALS TA Py ER, FR TZ SP mi VEL Sa Fs a Ta OR ER Bs EE. LALA, RSE SPER, i MEMO A ok RB — PAE, BD SRE Pa PAR PETER. RE RH ~THERREAEN. RA LAG EMR PRE BOR AEE YOR EAS GRRL. 80 4EARAR BI) 90 SELL, BO UEIE TH 2K 5B PEST ABLE, ERT AE BBR 2S BE). RANTLE TAR AH YOR SE PER EB BS BORG RAB F Aas a A AON aE. RRMA TK--R.TewHAS. CHRD LET ROOK BB BA et PR NS 89 TAR RE BRR H ASAGMME REA, BROT AS eI Ae IA BEE BURMA RAS BT OM A TR A. CE CAF THOR AREA A AS ARO RD. ARSE RHE LAGE TEs EA BLN HR TL AIAN. LE BS SP aS ARABIA Ab LAK. AR MO Se BBG aR, EPR WAR, AS Re Ae ERMAE at aE RRR” $x we [1] BOS. FO REF US. POL. MA MAME ASiR CAAA RAS MT 58 POM Pa AAR: 1978s EE GP. QCD A EAM. SIL om EE RHI 1980 [2] Belavin A A, Polyekov AM, Schwartz AZ, Tyupkin Yu S. Phys Lett, 1975, 359, 85 [8] "t Hooft GZ. Phys Rey Lett, 1976, 37:8 [4] Jackiw R, Rebbi C. Phys Lett, 1976, 37172 [5] "t Hooft G Z, Phys Rev Dev, 1976, D14:3431; Bjoreen SD, Drell § D, Rela- rivistie Quantum Fields. New Yorks McGraw Mill, 1965 [6] Iteykoon C, Zuber J B, Quantum Field Theories. New York; McGraw Hill, 1980. (71 Landav LD, Pomeranchuk I ¥s. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR, 1955, 102,189 [8] SHARSI 82 [9] Slusher RE, etal. Phys Rev Lett, 1988, 55,2409 [10] Maeda MW, Kumae P, Shapiro [ H. Opt Lett, 1887, 12:161) Shelby R My et al. Phys Rev Lett, 1986, 57:60]; Benet $ M, Gilson CR, Eur J Phys, 1988, 9.257 [11] Milonni PW, Shih ME. Contempeorary Phys, 1992, 25,513 [12] Willis W. Experimenal Stadies on States of the Vacuum. In;Hus RC, Geo C [133 S. Ye M Hy ed. Relativistic Heavy-Ton Collisions. New York: Gordon and Beach Science Pub Coy 1999, 38 Lee TD. Nuel Phys, 1993, A553¢3¢AR BT AFH — © ML fly 1959 46, Y. Aharonov #1 D. Bohm HS", AFLG RH WHKRHPH REAR MPA. 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C7, 8. 5) RS A IL fad A AE ¥(P) =x Fc0s8), (7.8.17) Tajo * A ee — AO eae TCP) = + xc080, (7.8.18) FER AM +2 R= MAA. BY, ME A- A MD. 24 TC) Saath AR Ba ae) /ae=0 (7.8. 19) Bt, ,H]=0, Ty ASA GE BB A ES oh SL Sad A FRE EK A TE — PE DB AY Hy BK Lewis - Riesenfeld Jy tk #3 th (048 1296 B mE RE FLA A A BFL APY ABL ASD EB: As OT BA eS AL ie. Ag HE RAS 89 LE HT RS, BORAT SU MARRA RAS BH. EAB EAT a GE ARS. PRAT eS 7.1 BAR A GE BR HH AO ae a RES AR — AAS A he a A TPB TAA IA. AY HO IF th (7. 8. SAR C7. 8. LTR BD Ff RRB A 0—0 B= TERS MAAR RS ES104 Rowe Re ATE As 09 AB A PS AST $A A,» WT EL Af ik. $7.9 WR: EB FE ARE | A ee J, Wigner — Von Neumann 1% 2830 #8 fi AEA HE RAMA ARFER. UBS. (ata CL) a RAE ARO (pq) OU mee BRAM ER BOT ENWRE ARKSHEKRECE Hg ONRERM RR 981.0 tne py OE Tx a 7.9.1) ST RKO AE TAY ALY Tad eT fa GE. Py A BE RPTL AY REO HE LE — at Ba 2 BY OST OR Bi” TAOS RE A pg te) REM has (2) BSR oe A MPRA Hh OME TT OEE RRC C)Rih. EAR Ef CB) B—-BRAD EH ASB PULA iS AE BR SER AN SE TT web th, 4.9, 2) HPHRER pT .6,.B)M q7,6,B) BO ROMS, 4 BOE HERE AMT ALB A 078) = fact, Bde, (7.9.3) Hannay BX /AS0# ot EASES 4 BBA AL OL 8(2) = [dt6e,B) + ALC), 7.9.4)S79 Atak. ae mR 105 AGHA Hannay 1, TKIP BOOTE OS2 oo NR AR, 28 se I fe (7. 9.7) FOIE ET A RE FE REE oto FG ZT) ATE AS MUZE) ¢ RSA MRED, Boe A, FT(S) ARS HE BEE TH OF eS (4) Wigner - Von Neumann @ #4 SPOKE AE BR. BREE TE HB. HEP SET Oe AEE OY BE AB EBB, $B LB I MAREN, $e x Wt [1] Schiff 1 Quentum Mechames, ard ed. New Yorks McGraw Hill, 1968. [2] Rytov SM. Dakl Aked Nauk, 1938, 18,63 (31 Visdirmisskii VV. Dokl Aled Nauk, 1041, 21; 222 [42 Paacharatnam S. Prov India Acad Sci. 1956, A44.247, [5] Hereberg G, Longuet ~Higgens HC. Disc Faraday Sovy 1963, 35:77 [8] Longuet Higgins HC. Proc Roy Sor London, 1978, A344.147 £7] Smith MS. Peoe Roy Soc London, 1975, A346:59 i 8] Budden G B, Smith MS, Proc Rov Sov London, 1975. A380:27 [9] Yang KH. Ann Phys NY. 1998, 101,62, 92106 Cio] cu] C12] fis? ua Cas] Cas] Or] [ig] fia) [20] [eL3 [223 C23} faa] [25] [26] [er] C28] [291 [303 fa) [sz] [asd {34] [35] [36] (37) [a8] [39] Hem Nw we Kote DH. J Phy, 1990, A2314229 Meed C, Truhlers DG, J Chem Phys 1978, 70:84) ibid, 1979, 70:2203CE) Mead C, Chem Phys, 1980, 49:23 Berry MV, Proc Ros Soe London, 1984, A392, 46 Simon fi. Phy Rey Letty 19835 51:2267 Ross JN. Opt Quan Blec, 1984, 161455 Delacretaz G, et al. Phys Rev Lert, 1986, 5622598 Tomita A, Chiao RY GRIME. Phys Rev Lett. 1986, 57.937, 471(E) Chico ¥, Wu YS. Phys Rev Lett, 1986, 57,983 Ramasesban $, Nityananda R, Curr Sci+ 1986 95 21226 Berry MV. J Med Opt, 1987, 34,1401 CLERK He ARP RAT PRA LOA RAR oe (a) Skapere A, Wilvsck F, ed. Geometric Phase i Physics. Singapore: Werld Scientific Pub Co Ltd. 1989 (b) Markovski B, Vinisky S 1, ed. 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