DESIGN OF BOX TYPE CULVERT

1 In side diamentions

3.50

2 Super imposed load

12000
45000
18000
30
50
20
7

3 Live load
4 Wieght of soil
5 Angle of repose
6 Nominal cover top / bottom
6 Cocrete

M-

415

7 Steel

Thickness of bottom slab

N/m2
N/m2
Degree
mm

Nominal cover side

wt. of concrete

st

330
320
350

Thickness of top slab

3.50

N/m

cbc
Water side

8 Thickess of side wall

N/m2

N/m2

150

st

50
25000
13
190

mm

thickness of side wall is OK

mm

O.K.

mm
kg/m3
N/m2

mm

9 Reinforcement
Top slab

Bottom slab

mm c/c

mm @

mm @

130

mm c/c

260

mm c/c

20

mm @

Distribution

mm @

At supports

mm @

Vertical

8
20
8
8
20

Distribution

Main
Distribution
At supports

Side vertical wall

130
130
200
120
120
300
300

Main

20 mm @

mm @
mm @
mm @

8 mm @

200

mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c

Through out slab at bottom

mm c/c

Both side

mm C/C

8 mm @

130

mm C/c

320
20 mm @

700
20 mm @

130 mm C/C

300 mm C/C
3.50

8 mm @
130 mm C/C
20 mm @
120

mm c/c

350
20 mm @
240

mm c/c
330

8 mm @
200 mm C/C
3.50

8 mm @
130

mm C/c
330

O.K.

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

1
2
3
4
5
6
6

In side diamentions
Super imposed load
Live load
Wieght of soil
Angle of repose
Nominal cover top/bottom
Cocrete

7 Steel
1 Solution

DESIGN OF BOX TYPE CULVERT

3.5
x 3.5 m
12000
N/m3
45000
N/m2
18000
N/m2
wt. of water
30
Degree
50
mm
Nominal cover Side
M20
wt. of concrete
2
cbc
7
N/m
m
Out
side
st
Fy
415
water side sidest

9800

N/m3

50
25000
13
190
150

mm
N/m3
N/m2
N/m2

Genral

For the purpose of design , one metre length of the box is considered.
The analysis is done for the following cases.
(I) Live load, dead load and earth prssure acting , with no water pressure from inside.
(II) Live and dead load on top and earth pressure acting from out side, and water pressure acting from inside,
with no live load on sides
(III) Dead load and earth pressure acting from out side and water pressure from in side.
Let the thicness of Horizontal slab
Vertical wall thicness
Effective slab span
Effective Height of wall

330
320
3.5
3.5

mm
mm
+ 0.33
+ 0.32

=
=
=
=

0.33
0.32
3.83
3.82

m
m
m
m

2 Case 1 : Dead and live load from out side of while no water pressure from inside.
Self weight og top slab =
0.33 x
1 x
1 x
### =
8250
Live load and dead load =
45000 +
###
= 57000
Total load on top = 65250
Weight of side wall =
3.82 x
0.32 x
###
= 30560
3.83 )+(
2 x
### )=
Upward soil reaction at base = ( 65250 x
81208.2
3.83
1 - sin 30
1 0.5
1

Ka =
=
=
=
=
1 + sin 30
1 +
0.5
3

Latral pressure due to dead load and live load = Pv x Ka

p =
### x 0.333
Latral pressure due to soil Ka x w x h
= 0.333 x
###
Hence total pressure
=
### + 6000
Latral presure intencity at top
=
19000 N/m2
Latral pressure intencity at bottom
=
### + 6000

=
19000
h =
h
x

w =

Fig 1 show the box culvert

frame ABCD, along with the external
loads, Due to symmetry, half of
frame (i.e. AEFD) of box culvert is
considered for moment distribution.
Since all the members have uniform
thickness, and uniform diamentions,
the relative stiffness K for AD will
be equal to 1 while the relative
stiffness for AE and DF will be 1/2.

N/m2
N/m2
N/m2
N/m
N/m2
0.33

N/m2
h

41920

N/m2

65250 N/m2

19000

19000
A

3.83

19000

3.82

6000 h
D

41920

19000
w

81208 N/m

Fig 1

22920

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Distribution factore for AD and DA=

1
=
1+1/2

Fix end moments will be as under :

MFAB=
Mfdc=

MFAD = +
MFAD = +

pL2
12
19000

+
x
12

WL
15
3.82

2/3

1/2
=
1+1/2

Distribution factore for AB and DC=

1/3

wL2
### x
3.82 2=
=
-79346 N - m
12
12
wL2
### x
2=
+
=
98751.9 N - m
12
12
Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.
+

### x
2

3.82

34254

pL2
WL
12
15
19000 x
3.82 2-### x 3.82

MFDA = x
= -23105
12
2

The Moment distribution is carried out as illustrate in table

N-m

MFDA = -

-16723

-39828

Fixed End Moments

Member

DC
98751.91

DA
-39828

AD
34254

AB
-79346

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint
D
A
Member
DC
DA
AD
AB
Distribution factore
0.33
0.67
0.67
0.33
Fix end moment
98751.91
-39828
34254
-79346
Balance
-19641
-39283
30061
15031
Carry over
15031
-19641
balance
-5010
-10020
13094
6547
Carry over
6547
-5010
balance
-2182
-4365
3340
1670
Carry over
1670
-2182
balance
-557
-1113
1455
727
Carry over
727
-557
balance
-242
-485
371
186
Carry over
186
-242
balance
-62
-124
162
81
Carry over
81
-62
balance
-27
-54
41
21
Carry over
21
-27
balance
-7
-14
18
9
Final moment
71023
-71023
55075
-55075

55075

65250

55075

46852

124627.5

124627.5

46852
19000

55075

64569

55075

1.91

3.82 m

7197

71023

1.91

22920 D
41920

D
69810

71023

155514

77881

155514

69810

81208

Fig 2

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @

65250 N/m2.
Vertical reactionat a and B =
0.5
x
65250 x 3.82 = 124628 N/m2
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @
### N/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5
x
81208.22 x 3.83 = 155514
N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.2
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x 3.83
) + 55075 - ### + ### x x 3.83 x 1/2
+
1/2
x
22920 x x 3.83 x 1/3
-ha x 3.83 +
-15948
+
139355 + 56035.2
From which, ha = 46852

Hence , hd =( 19000 +
### )x 3.83 ### = 69810 N
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
2
65250
x 3.83 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E =
119644 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E =
119644
55075
=
64569 N-m
2
81208.2245 x 3.83 =
Similarly, free B.M. at F =
148904 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 148904.416 71023
=
77881 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
19000
x 3.83 2+
1/16 x
Simply supporetd at mid sapn =
### x 3.83 2= 55852
8
71023
+ 55075
Net B.M. =
=
63049
- ### = 7197 N-m
2
3 Case 2 : Dead load and live load from out side and water pressure from inside.
In this case , water pressure having an intensity of zero at A and
x 3.82 = 37436 N/m2
At D, is acting, in addition to the pressure
considered in case 1. The various pressures
are marked in fig 3 .The vertical walls will thus
be subjected to a net latral pressure of
Itensity
And

= 19000
=
=

w =

65250 N/m2

19000

19000

N/m At the Top

2

41920 37436
2
4484 N/m at the bottom

19000

14516

3.83
3.82

41920

41920
w

Fix end moments will be as under :

MFAD = +

pL2
12
4484

MFAB=

x
12

WL
10
3.83

81208 N/m

Fig 3
wL2
=
### x
3.83 2=
-79762 N - m
12
12
wL2
### x
2=
=
99269.6 N - m
12
12
Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.

Mfdc=
MFAD = +

4484

### x
2

3.83

pL2
WL
12
15
4484 x
3.83 2### x 3.83

MFDA = x
=
12
2

The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.

16128

N-m

MFDA = -

-12579 N -m

Fixed End Moments

Member

DC
99269.61

DA
-12579

AD
16128

AB
-79762

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint
D
A
Member
DC
DA
AD
AB
Distribution factore
0.33
0.67
0.67
0.33
Fix end moment
99269.61
-12579
16128
-79762
Balance
-28897
-57794
42423
21211
Carry over
21211
-28897

45069

65250

45069

23451

124627.5

19000

124627.5

23451

45069

73951

45069

1.91
30523

balance
Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Final moment

-7070
-3211
-786
-357
-87
-40
-10
58813

-14141
9632
-6422
2357
-1571
1070
-714
262
-175
119
-79
29
-19
-58813

19265
-7070
4714
-3211
2141
-786
524
-357
238
-87
58
-40
26
45069

9632

3.82

2357

30523

58813

1.91

4484 D

1070

D
21404

262

89315

58813

155108

155108

21404

119
81208

29

Fig 4

13
-45069

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @

65250 N/m2.
Vertical reactionat a and B =
0.5
x
65250 x 3.82 = 124628 N/m2
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @
### N/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5
x
81208 x 3.82 = 155108
N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.3
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x 3.82
) + 45069 - ### + 4484 x x 3.82 x 1/2
+
1/2
x
14516 x x 3.82 x 2/3
-ha x 3.82 +
-13744
+
32716.16 + 70607.8
From which, ha = 23451
Hence , hd =( 4484 +
### )x 3.82 ### = 21404 N
2
65250
x 3.82 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E =
119020 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E =
119020
45069
=
73951 N-m
2
81208
x 3.82 =
Similarly, free B.M. at F =
148128 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 148127.862 58813
=
89315 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
4484
x 3.82 2+
1/16 x
Simply supporetd at mid sapn =
### x 3.82 2= 21418
8
58813
+ 45069
Net B.M. =
=
51941
- ### = 30523 N-m
2
4 Case 3 : Dead load and live load on top water pressure from inside no live load on side.
in this case, it is assume that there is no latral oressure due to live load . As before .
The top slab is subjected to a load of '=
65250 N/m2
w =
65250 N/m2
and the bottom slab is subjected to a load
4000

Itensity
= 81208 N/m2
Lateral pressure due to dead load =
1/3 x 12000 = 4000

N/m2

Lateral pressure due to soil

1/3 x 18000

N/m

=
=

4000
A

4000

3.83

6000

3.82

Hence earth pressure at depth h is =

4000
+ 6000
h

D
26920

C
26920

14516

Earth pressure intensity at top

4000

N/m2

37436

w=

81208 N/m237436

Fig 5
Earth pressure intensity at Bottom= 4000 + 6000 x 3.82
= 26920 N/m2
In addition to these, the vertical wall lslab subjectednto water pressure of intensity ZERO at top and
N/m2 at Bottom, acting from inside . The lateral pressure on vertical walls Is shown in fig 5 and 6

37436

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Fix end moments will be as under :

wL2
### x
3.83 2=
=
-79762 N - m
12
12
wL2
### x
2=
=
99269.6 N - m
12
12
Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.

MFAB=
Mfdc=

MFAD = +
MFAD = +

pL2
12
4000

x
12

WL
15
3.83

### x
2
4890 -

3.83

pL2
WL
7098
+
12
10
4000 x
3.83 2### x 3.83

MFDA = x
=
12
2

The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.

MFDA = -

-2209

N-m

5757

N -m

Fixed End Moments

Member

DC
99269.61

DA
5757

AD
-2209

AB
-79762

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint
D
A
Member
DC
DA
AD
AB
Distribution factore
0.33
0.67
0.67
0.33
Fix end moment
99269.61
5757
-2209
-79762
Balance
-35009
-70018
54647
27324
Carry over
27324
-35009
balance
-9108
-18216
23339
11670
Carry over
11670
-9108
balance
-3890
-7780
6072
3036
Carry over
3036
-3890
balance
-1012
-2024
2593
1297
Carry over
1297
-1012
balance
-432
-864
675
337
Carry over
337
-432
balance
-112
-225
288
144
Carry over
144
-112
balance
-48
-96
75
37
Carry over
37
-48
balance
-12
-25
32
16
Final moment
49646
-49646
35902
-35902

35902

65250

35902

=
124627.5

124627.5

4000
A
35902
3.82

49646
0 D
14516

35902

83742
A
1.91

48748

1.91

D
49646

155108
5200

99258
155108

81208
Fig 4

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @

65250 N/m2.
Vertical reactionat a and B =
0.5
x
65250 x 3.82 = 124628 N
Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @
### N/m2
Vertical reaction at D and C = 0.5
x
81208 x 3.82 = 155108
N
The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.6
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( ha x 3.82
) + 35902 - ### + 4000 x x 3.82 x 1/2

1/2
x
14516 x x 3.82
-ha x 3.82 +
-13744
+
29184.8 35304
From which, ha =
5200
Hence , hd =( 14516 x
3.82 )- 4000 x 3.82 - 5200
2
65250
x 3.83 2=
Free B.M. at mid point E =
119644 N-m
8
Net B.M. at E =
119644
35902
=
83742 N-m
2
81208
x 3.83 =
Similarly, free B.M. at F =
148904 N -m
8
Net B.M. at F = 148904.416 49646
=
99258 N-m
For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span
4000
x 3.83 2+
1/16 x
Simply supporetd at mid sapn =
### x 3.83
8
49646
+ 35902
Net B.M. =
=
42774 + 5974
2
-

1/3

= 7245.6

= 5973.9

= 48748 N-m

5 Design of top slab :

Case
(i)
(II)
(II)

Mid section
The top slab is subjected to following values of B.M. and direct force
B.M. at Center (E)
B.M. at ends (A)
Direct force (ha)
64569
55075
46852
73951
45069
23451
83742
35902
5200

The section will be design for maximum B.M. =

83742 N -m
for water side force
wt. of concrete = ### N/m3
st =
150 N/mm2
2
7
N/mm
wt of water = 9800 N/mm2
cbc =

for water side force

m
13
m*c
13
x
7
k=
=
= 0.378
K =
0.378
13
x
7
+ 150
m*c+st
j=1-k/3
1 0.378 /
3
= 0.874
J =
0.874
R=1/2xc x j x k
x
7
x 0.87 x 0.378 = 1.155
R =
1.155
0.5
Provide over all thickness
= 320 mm so effective thicknesss
= 270
mm
2
Mr = R . B .D2
1.155
x
1000
x
270
=
84216794
>
83742000
O.K.

83742000
= 2365 mm2
BMx100/stxjxD=
Ast =
150 x 0.874 x 270
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 20 x 20
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 314
4 x100
4
Spacing of Bars =Ax1000/Ast
314 x 1000 / 2365 =
133
say
=
130 mm
Hence Provided
mm c/c
mm Bars @
20
130
Acual Ast provided 1000 x
314 /
130 = 2415
mm2
Bend half bars up near support at distance of L/5
=
3.83 /
5
= 0.80 m
0.1 x(
320 100
%
Area of distributionn steel =
0.3
= 0.24
450 100
Ast
=
0.24
x
320 x
10 = 759 mm2 area on each face= ###
3.14xdia2
3.14 x
8
x 8
using
8 mm bars
A
=
=
= 50
4 x100
4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast =
50
x 1000 / 380 =
132
say
=
130 mm
Hence Provided
mm Bars @
8
130 mm c/c on each face

Section at supports :Maximum B.M.=

55075 N-m. There is direct compression of
46852 N also.
But it effect is not considered because the slab is actually reinforced both at top and bottom .
st =
Since steel is at top
190 N/mm2
concrete M
20
k = 0.3238
J = 0.892
R = 1.011
55075000
=
=
1204
mm2
Ast
190 x
0.892 x
270
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Area

available from the bars bentup from the middle section =

2415 /
2
= 1208
mm2
1204 < 1208 Hence these bars will serve the purpose. However, provide 8 mm dia.
Additional bars @ 200 mm c/c

6 Design of bottom slab:

The bottom slab has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
Case
B.M. at Center (F)
B.M. at ends (D)
Direct force (ha)
(i)
77881
71023
69810
(II)
89315
58813
21404
(II)
99258
49646
7246
The section will be design for maximum B.M. =
99258 N -m
for water side force
wt. of concrete = ### N/m3
st =
150 N/mm2
7
N/mm2
wt of water = 9800 N/mm2
cbc =

for water side force

m
13
m*c
13
x
7
k=
=
= 0.378
K =
0.378
13 x
7
+ 150
m*c+st
j=1-k/3
1 0.378 /
3
= 0.874
J =
0.874
R=1/2xc x j x k
x
7
x 0.87 x 0.378 = 1.155
R =
1.155
0.5
99258416
=
294
mm
344
mm
d =
D =
1000 x
1.155
Provide thickness of bottom slab D= 350 mm so that d =
mm
300
99258416
= 2523 mm2
BMx100/stxjxD=
Ast =
150 x 0.874 x 300
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 20 x 20
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 314
4 x100
4
Spacing of Bars =Ax1000/Ast
314 x 1000 / 2523 =
124
say
=
120 mm
Hence Provided
mm
c/c
mm

Bars
@
20
120
Acual Ast provided 1000 x
314 /
120 = 2617
mm2
Bend half bars up near support at distance of L/5
=
3.83 /
5
= 0.80 m
0.1 x(
350 100
Area of distributionn steel =
0.3
= 0.23 %
450 100
Ast
=
0.23
x
350 x
10 = 800 mm2 area on each face=
400
2
3.14xdia
3.14 x
8
x 8
using 8
mm bars
A
=
=
= 50
4 x100
4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast =
50
x 1000 / 400 =
126
say
=
120 mm
Hence Provided
mm Bars @
8
120 mm c/c on each face
Section at supports :Maximum B.M.=
71023 N-m. There is direct compression of
69810 N also.
But it effect is not considered because the slab is actually reinforced both at top and bottom .
st =
Since steel is at top
190 N/mm2
concrete M
20
k = 0.3238
J = 0.892
R = 1.011
71023000
=
=
1397
mm2
Ast

Ast
Area

=
1397
mm2
190 x
0.892 x
300
available from the bars bentup from the middle section =
2617 /
1397 >

= 1308

mm2

1308 Fail , hence additional reinforcement will provided.

Additional reinforcemet required = 88.67

mm2
3.14xdia2
3.14 x
8
x 8
using 8
mm bars
A
=
=
= 50
4 x100
4
Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast =
50
x 1000 /
89 =
567
say
=
560 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm Bars @ 300 mm c/c throught out the slab, at its bottom.
7 Design of side wall:
The side wall has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
B.M. at Center (F)
B.M. at ends (D)
Direct force (ha)
7197
71023
155514
30523
58813
155108
48748
49646
155108

Case
(i)
(II)
(II)

The section will be design for maximum B.M. =

71023
Eccentricity =

71023 N -m, and direct force =

155514
x
1000
=
457
mm
155514
proposed thickness of side wall '=
330 mm
457 /
330 = 1.38 < 1.5
e/D
thickness of side wall is OK
Let us reinforce the section with
20 mmbars @
300 mm c/c provided on both faces, as shown
in fig xxx . With cover of
50 mm
and D = 330 mm
1000
3.14 x
20 x
20
Asc = Ast =
x
=
1047
mm2
300
4
The depth of N.A. is computed from following expression:
b n D - dt - n + (m - 1)Asc 1 (n - dc)(D - dt- dc)
3
3
D
n
= e+
- dt
b n + (m -1) Asc n - dc
D - dt - n
2
- m Ast
n
n

or

1000 n
2
1000 n+
2

12

1047
x
n

50

13

50

50

###
x
n

n2

+ -1256000

330

12

500 n

280

n
3

500 n+

12560
n

167

140000 n

50

1047
x
n

n
3

628000
n

280

500 n

12560

multiply by n
140000 n2
500 n2

167 n3
12560

+ -1256000 n
n- 628000 -

140000 n2

167 n3

+ -1256000 n

-62800000
3809867 +
-62800000

50

1047
x 330 n

-1E+006
n

-62800000
n
3809867
+
n

x
50

= 457 + 115
n

572

###

### n

572

286000 n2

14967333

-146000 n2

13711333

n
=

-876 n2
+
82268
Solwing this trial and error we get, n
c'

500

91.47 +

x(

330 -

2538459733
-2475659733

14853958
91.47 mm
12 x
1047
( 91.47 91.47
50 - 91.47 )

= 167 n3
= n3

50

)-

13 x 1047
91.47

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

or

45734 +
137.3 x 41.47 149 x
188.53 =
23383
155514
=
<
N/mm2 Stress is less than permissiable
c' =
6.65
7
23383
m c'
13 x
6.65
Also stress in steel t =
(D-dc-n)
=
x ( 330 50
- 91.47
)
n
91.47
= 178.2 N/mm2
< 190 N/mm2
O.K.
Stress in steel is less than permissiable Hence section is O.K.

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

ting from inside,

-39828

55075

124627.5

64569

77881

155514

Net latral pressure diagram

N-m

19000

45069

124627.5

73951

Net latral pressure diagram

89315

155108

N-m

14516

37436

35902

124627.5
83742

99258
155108

N-m

r water side force

0.378
0.874
1.155

mm2

mm2
mm2

mm dia.

r water side force

0.378
0.874
1.155

mm2

mm2
mm2

mm2

OK

aces, as shown

-100
-n

han permissiable

Box culverts

20 mm @

260

mm c/c

8 mm @

200

mm C/C

8 mm @

130

mm C/c

320
20 mm @

700
20 mm @

130 mm C/C

300 mm C/C
3.50

8 mm @
130 mm C/C
20 mm @
120

mm c/c

350
20 mm @
240 mm c/c
330

8 mm @

8 mm @

200 mm C/C

130 mm C/c

3.50

330

Table 3.1.

Table 1.15. PERMISSIBLE DIRECT TENSILE STRESS

Grade of co

Tensile
stress
N/mm2

100A

M-10

M-15

M-20

M-25

M-30

M-35

M-40

1.2

2.0

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

4.4

bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75

Table 1.16.. Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2)

Bending cbc
Direct (cc)
(N/mm2)
Kg/m2 (N/mm2)
Kg/m2
3.0
300
2.5
250
5.0
500
4.0
400
7.0
700
5.0
500
8.5
850
6.0
600
10.0
1000
8.0
800
11.5
1150
9.0
900
13.0
1300
10.0
1000
14.5
1450
11.0
1100
16.0
12.0
1600
1200

Permissible stress in bond (Average) for

plain bars in tention (N/mm2)

(N/mm2) in kg/m2
--0.6
60
0.8
80
0.9
90
1.0
100
1.1
110
1.2
120
1.3
130
1.4
140

3.00 and above

Over all depth of slab

Table 1.18. MODULAR RATIO

M-10
31
(31.11)

Grade of co

Modular ra

M-15
19
(18.67)

M-20
13
(13.33)

M-25
11
(10.98)

M-30
9
(9.33)

M-35
8
(8.11)

M-40
7
(7.18)

Table 3.3. Maxim

Grade of concrete

c.max

Table 2.1. VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Table 3.4

Grade of concrete

M-15

M-20

M-25

M-30

M-35

M-40

Modular Ratio
cbc N/mm2

18.67
5

13.33
7

10.98
8.5

9.33
10

8.11
11.5

7.18
13

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

1.214

1.474

1.734

1.994

2.254

0.714

1.214

1.429

1.643

1.857

kc

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

M 15

jc

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

M 20

Rc

0.732

1.025

1.244

1.464

1.684

1.903

M 25

Pc (%)

0.433

0.606

0.736

0.866

0.997

1.127

M 30

kc

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

M 35

jc

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

M 40

Rc

0.653

0.914

1.11

1.306

1.502

1.698

M 45

m cbc

kc

(a) st =
jc
140
N/mm2 Rc
(Fe 250) P (%)
c
(b) st =
190
N/mm2
(c ) st =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)

Grade of concrete M
bd (N / mm2

Table
Grade of
concrete

(c ) st =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)

Pc (%)

Shear stress tc
100As
bd
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.51
0.52

M-20
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.30

0.314

0.44

Reiforcement %
100As
M-20
bd
0.18
0.15
0.19
0.18
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.22
0.27
0.23
0.3
0.24
0.32
0.25
0.35
0.26
0.38
0.27
0.41
0.28
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.30
0.5
0.31
0.55
0.32
0.6
0.33
0.65
0.34
0.7
0.35
0.75
0.36
0.82
0.37
0.88
0.38
0.94
0.39
1.00
0.4
1.08
0.41
1.16
0.42
1.25
0.43
1.33
0.44
1.41
0.45
1.50
0.46
1.63
0.46
1.64
0.47
1.75
0.48
1.88
0.49
2.00
0.50
2.13
0.51
2.25

0.534

0.628

Degree
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65

0.722

0.816

Value of angle
sin
cos
0.17
0.98
0.19
0.98
0.21
0.98
0.23
0.97
0.24
0.97
0.26
0.97
0.28
0.96
0.29
0.96
0.31
0.95
0.33
0.95
0.34
0.94
0.36
0.93
0.37
0.93
0.39
0.92
0.41
0.92
0.42
0.91
0.50
0.87
0.57
0.82
0.64
0.77
0.71
0.71
0.77
0.64
0.82
0.57
0.87
0.50
0.91
0.42

M 50

tan
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.45
0.47
0.58
0.70
0.84
1.00
1.19
1.43
1.73
2.14

0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02

0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39

1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52

0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45

1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02

0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49

2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52

0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Table 3.1. Permissible shear stress Table c in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As

Permissible shear stress in concrete tc N/mm2

M-15
0.18
0.22
0.29
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44

bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

M-20
0.18
0.22
0.30
0.35
0.39
0.42
0.45
0.47
0.49
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

M-25
0.19
0.23
0.31
0.36
0.40
0.44
0.46
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.57

M-30
0.2
0.23
0.31
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.48
0.50
0.53
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.6

M-35
0.2
0.23
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62

M-40
0.2
0.23
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.63

200
1.20

175
1.25

Table 3.2. Facor k

Over all depth of slab

300 or more

1.00

275
1.05

250
1.10

225
1.15

150 or less
1.30

Table 3.3. Maximum shear stress c.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

M-15
1.6

Grade of concrete

c.max

M-20
1.8

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

M-40
2.5

Table 3.4. Permissible Bond stress Table bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

10
--

15
0.6

20
0.8

25
0.9

30
1

35
1.1

40
1.2

Table 3.5. Development Length in tension

bd (N / mm2)

Plain M.S. Bars

kd = Ld

H.Y.S.D. Bars
bd (N / mm2)
kd = Ld

0.6

58

0.96

60

0.8

44

1.28

45

0.9

39

1.44

40

35

1.6

36

1.1

32

1.76

33

1.2

29

1.92

30

1.3

27

2.08

28

45
1.3

50
1.4

1.4

tan
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.45
0.47
0.58
0.70
0.84
1.00
1.19
1.43
1.73
2.14

25

Value of angle
Degree
sin
10
0.17
11
0.19
12
0.21
13
0.23
14
0.24
15
0.26
16
0.28
17
0.29
18
0.31
19
0.33
20
0.34
21
0.36
22
0.37
23
0.39
24
0.41
25
0.42
30
0.50
35
0.57
40
0.64
45
0.71
50
0.77
55
0.82
60
0.87
65
0.91

2.24

cos
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.96
0.96
0.95
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.93
0.92
0.92
0.91
0.87
0.82
0.77
0.71
0.64
0.57
0.50
0.42

26