.

2015-16

10

HTTP
,
Wireshark. Capture ,
.
(Display), Analyze,
() ,
, ()
, , Capture,
,
. ,
Clear ( !).
,
(
). LDAP,
labuser.
,
Alt+Ctrl+Del.
,
.

(World Wide Web)

. , HTML,
JPEG, , Java applet, , 1.
- (client)
(web browser).
, , (navigation).
,
. ,
, .
,
. , ,
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
. URL :
, DNS IP
(
). , URL
:
http://www.ece.ntua.gr/index.php. URL : (http),
DNS (www.ece.ntua.gr)
1

(hypertext)
(hypertext links).
-1-

. 2015-16

(index.php),
.

1. HTML
,
.
HTTP (hypertext
transfer protocol). HTTP (resources).
URL ( R URL).
. ,
(.. PHP script), .
(Web site) (web server),
TCP (port) 80
(web clients). , (HTTP request)
(HTTP response) .
, , HTTP (stateless)
(transactions).
, HTTP
/ (client/server model). HTTP
.
:

,
,
(blank line), , <CR><LF>2,
HTTP (.. ,
, ).

.
: (
), (local path)
HTTP .
. : HTTP,

.
.
: "Header-Name: value"
<CR><LF>. HTTP .
,
. ,
. HTTP , ,
( ).
2 , HTTP 1.0 ( RFC
1945) HTTP 1.1 ( RFC 2068). HTTP
(Non-persistent HTTP) (Persistent HTTP).
HTTP, TCP .
HTTP/1.0 .
HTTP, TCP
2

<CR><LF>.
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. 2015-16

-.
HTTP/1.1. HTTP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol http://www.w3.org/Protocols/.
HTTP
Internet Explorer.
(cache) . ToolsInternet Options,
(tab) General Delete, Delete
Files, ,
.
HTTP ,
Wireshark, Edit
Preferences, Protocols
, HTTP
. ,
TCP Allow subdissector to reassemble TCP streams
Validate the TCP checksum if possible3 . , OK
.
Wireshark
HTTP .
, http://my.ntua.gr
.
HTTP.
;
HTTP ;
HTTP ;
HTTP

;
[:

http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/protocol/http.htm].
1.5
;
1.6
;
1.7 TCP
my.ntua.gr.
;
1.8 TCP ;
1.9 1.7,
HTTP (HTTP requests).
;
1.10 HTTP ;
1.11 , .
;
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

1.1
HTTP.
1.12
;
TCP.
3

TCP checksum ( )
.
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. 2015-16

1.13
;
TCP .
1.14 Internet Explorer
URL http://my.ntua.gr (address
bar)4. ; [: favorites icon Google.]
1.15 HTTP
.

2. - HTML


(Web caching).
. , ,

(proxy server). (,
) . ,
, .

. ,
, ,
.
, HTTP GET conditional
GET. ,
.
HTTP
Firefox.
(cache) . Tools Clear Recent History
Ctrl+Shift+Del, cache ,
, .
Wireshark, Firefox :
http://edu-dy.cn.ntua.gr/get2.html. Reload.

HTTP.
4

.
-4-

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8

2.9

2.10

2.11
2.12
2.13

. 2015-16

HTTP GET
get2.html. IF-MODIFIED-SINCE;
(status code)
;
HTTP .
;
byte ;
get2.html;
; [:
GET .]
get2.html;
get2.html;
[:
.]

get2.html; [: Wireshark
ASCII .]
HTTP GET
get2.html. IF-MODIFIEDSINCE;
, ;
(status code)
;
get2.html;
.

3. HTML

.
, , ,
, cache
.
Wireshark. Firefox http://edudy.cn.ntua.gr/get.html.
Reload.
HTTP.
3.1
3.2

3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7

HTTP ;
(status code)
HTTP GET
get.html;
,
HTTP GET;
byte ;

HTTP GET get.html;

HTTP GET;
byte ;
-5-

3.8

. 2015-16

;
(:
)

4. HTML
HTML (.. HTML,
JPEG, , Java applets ) .

(embedded objects).
Wireshark.
http://edu-dy.cn.ntua.gr/links.html. URL
edu-dy.cn.ntua.gr .
, .
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5

TCP
. TCP ;
TCP;
HTTP
. HTTP GET Wireshark;
IP HTTP GET; .

.

5. HTML
HTML
.
TCP. HTTP
. Wireshark.
http://edu-dy.cn.ntua.gr/long.html.
.
5.1
5.2

TCP ;
MSS ;

HTTP
5.3
5.4
5.5

HTTP GET ;
(status line)
.
long.html
HTTP.

Wireshark IP
.
5.6
5.7

;
TCP, ,
HTTP GET; [: ,

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. 2015-16

Wireshark
HTTP.]
5.8 TCP
HTTP; [:
.]
5.9 HTTP ;
[: TCP
.]
5.10 Ethernet TCP (
) ;
5.11 ;

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10

PC:

:
IP:

. 2015-16

:
.

MAC:

10


. .

1
1.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................
1.2 ..........................................................................................................................................................
1.3 ..........................................................................................................................................................
1.4 ..........................................................................................................................................................
1.5 ..........................................................................................................................................................
1.6 ..........................................................................................................................................................
1.7 ..........................................................................................................................................................
1.8 ..........................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
1.9 ..........................................................................................................................................................
1.10 ........................................................................................................................................
1.11 ........................................................................................................................................
1.12 ........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
1.13 ........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
1.14 ........................................................................................................................................
1.15 ........................................................................................................................................

2
2.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................
2.2 ..........................................................................................................................................................
2.3 ..........................................................................................................................................................
2.4 ..........................................................................................................................................................
2.5 ..........................................................................................................................................................
2.6 ..........................................................................................................................................................
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2.7 ..........................................................................................................................................................
2.8 ..........................................................................................................................................................
2.9 ..........................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
2.10 ........................................................................................................................................
2.11 ........................................................................................................................................
2.12 ........................................................................................................................................
2.13 ........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

3
3.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................
3.2 ..........................................................................................................................................................
3.3 ..........................................................................................................................................................
3.4 ..........................................................................................................................................................
3.5 ..........................................................................................................................................................
3.6 ..........................................................................................................................................................
3.7 ..........................................................................................................................................................
3.8 ..........................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

4
4.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................
4.2 ..........................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
4.3 ..........................................................................................................................................................
4.4 ..........................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
4.5 ..........................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

5
5.1 ..........................................................................................................................................................
5.2 ..........................................................................................................................................................
5.3 ..........................................................................................................................................................
5.4 ..........................................................................................................................................................
5.5 ..........................................................................................................................................................
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5.6 ..........................................................................................................................................................
5.7 ..........................................................................................................................................................
5.8 ..........................................................................................................................................................
5.9 ..........................................................................................................................................................
5.10 ........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
5.11 ........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................

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