SEMBODAI RUKMANI VARATHARAJAN

ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
DRC & BM
BY
KARTHIVELU

DESIGN OF CIRCULAR
WATER TANK RESTING ON
GROUND WITH RIGID BASE

When the joints at base are

flexible, hydrostatic pressure
induces maximum increase in
diameter
at
base
and
no
increase in diameter at top
When the joint at base is rigid,
the base does not move

Tank with flexible base

Tank with rigid base

Design of Circular Tanks

resting on ground with Rigid
base

Due to fixity at base of wall, the

upper part of the wall will have
hoop tension and lower part bend
like cantilever.

For shallow tanks with large diameter,

hoop stresses are very small and the
wall act more like cantilever
For deep tanks of small diameter the
cantilever action due to fixity at the
base is small and the hoop action is
predominant

1.
2.
3.
4.
7

The exact analysis of the tank to

determine the portion of wall in
which hoop tension is predominant
and the other portion in which
cantilever action is predominant, is
difficult
Simplified methods of analysis are
Reissners method
Carpenters simplified method
Approximate method
IS code method

IS code method

Tables 9,10 and 11 of IS 3370 part IV

gives coefficients for computing
hoop tension, moment and shear for
various values of H2/Dt

Hoop tension, moment and shear is

computed as
T= coefficient ( wHD/2)
M= coefficient (wH3)
V= coefficient (wH2)

Thickness of wall required

computed from BM consideration
d

M
Qb

where,
Q= cbcjk
j=1-(k/3)
m cbc
k
m cbc st

b = 1000mm

is

10

IS code method
Over all thickness is then computed
as
t = d+cover.
Area of reinforcement in the form of
vertical bars
on water face is
M
A st
st jd as
computed
Area of hoop steel T
in the form of rings
A st1
is computed as
st

IS code method
Distribution steel and vertical
steel for outer face of wall is
computed from minimum steel
consideration
Tensile stress computed from
the following equation should
T
be
less
than
the permissible
c
1000for
t (msafe
1)A st design
stress
the permissible stress is 0.27 fck

11

12

IS code method
Base slab thickness generally
varies from 150mm to 250 mm
and minimum steel is
distributed to top and bottom of
slab.

Design Problem No.1 on Circular

Tanks resting on ground with
Rigid base

13

 A cylindrical tank of capacity

7,00,000 liters is resting on good
unyielding ground. The depth of tank is
limited to 5m. A free board of 300 mm
may be provided. The wall and the base
slab are cast integrally. Design the tank
using M20 concrete and Fe415 grade
steel .
Draw the following
Plan at base
Cross section through centre of tank.
14

Step 1: Dimension of tank

H= 5-0.3 = 4.7 and volume V = 700

m3
A=700/4.7 = 148.94 m 2
D= (4 x 148.94/) = 13.77 14 m

15

Step 2: Analysis for hoop tension and

bending moment

One meter width of the wall is

considered and the thickness of the
wall is estimated as t=30H+50 = 191
mm.
The thickness of wall is assumed
as 200 mm.
Referring to table 9 of IS3370 (part
IV), the maximum coefficient for hoop
tension = 0.575
16

 Step 2: Analysis for hoop tension and bending

moment (Contd.)

Tmax=0.575 x 10 x 4.7 x 7

=189.175 kN

Referring to table 10 of IS3370

(part IV), the maximum coefficient for
bending moment = -0.0146 (produces
tension on water side)

Mmax= 0.0146 x 10 x 4.73=15.15

kN-m
17

Step 3: Design of section:

For M20 concrete cbc=7, For

Fe415 steel st=150 MPa and

m=13.33 for M20 concrete and
m cbc
Fe415 steel
k
0.39
m cbc st
The design constants are:
j=1-(k/3)=0.87
Q= cbcjk = 1.19
6
M
15
.
15
x
10
d Effective
depth
ismmcalculated as

112 .94
Qb

18

1.19 x1000

 Step 3: Design of section: (Contd.)

Let over all thickness be 200 mm with

effective cover 33 mm
dprovided=167 mm

M
15.15x10 6
A stSpacing

of 16 mm diameter
695.16mm 2 bar =
st jd 150 x 0.87 x167

201
x1000
(Max
spacing
3d=501mm)
289
.23mmc / c

19

695
.16
Provide
#16@275 c/c as vertical
reinforcement on water face

 Step 3: Design of section: (Contd.)

T 189.275x103

Hoop steel:
A

1261mm 2
st1

st

150

113 x1000
89.mmc / c
1261

Spacing of 12 mm diameter bar =

Provide #12@80 c/c as hoop reinforcement

on water face

113 x1000
A st
1412.5mm 2
80
Actual area of steel provided
20

 Step 4: Check for tensile stress:

T
189.275x10 3
c

0.87 N / mm 2
1000 t (m 1)A st 1000 x 200 (13.33 1) x1412.5
Permissible stress = 0.27fck=1.2 N/mm2 >

c Safe

21

 Step 5: Distribution Steel:

Minimum area of steel is 0.24% of concrete

area
Ast=(0.24/100) x1000 x 200
= x480
50.24
1000 mm2
104.7.mmc / c
480
Spacing of 8 mm diameter bar =

Provide #8 @ 100 c/c as vertical and

horizontal distribution on the outer face.

22

 Step 5: Base slab:

The thickness of base slab shall be 150

mm. The base slab rests on firm ground, hence

only minimum reinforcement is provided.

Ast=(0.24/100) x1000 x 150 = 360 mm2

Reinforcement for each face = 180 mm 2

50.24 x1000
279.mmc / c
Spacing of 8 mm diameter bar 180
=
Provide #8 @ 250 c/c as vertical and horizontal

distribution on the outer face.

23

24

Design Problem No.2 on Circular

Tanks resting on ground with
Rigid base

25

 Design a circular water tank to

hold 5,50,000 liters of water.
Assume rigid joints between the wall
and base slab. Adopt M20 concrete
and Fe 415 steel. Sketch details of
reinforcements.

26

Step 1: Dimension of tank

Volume of tank V=550 m 3
Assume H= 4.5
A=550/4.5 = 122.22 m2
D= (4 x 122.22/) = 12.47 12.5 m

27

Step 2: Analysis for hoop tension

and bending moment

One meter width of the wall is

considered and the thickness of the wall
is estimated as t=30H+50 = 185 mm. The
thickness of wall is assumed as 200 mm.

28

H2
4.5 2

8.1 8
Dt 12.5 0.2

Referring to table 9 of IS3370 (part

IV), the maximum coefficient for hoop
tension = 0.575

 Step 2: Analysis for hoop tension and

bending moment (Contd.)

Tmax=0.575 x 10 x 4.5 x 6.25

=161.72 kN

Referring to table 10 of IS3370 (part

IV), the maximum coefficient for bending
moment
= -0.0146 (produces tension on water side)

Mmax= 0.0146 x 10 x 4.53=13.3 kN-m

29

Step 3: Design of section:

For M20 concrete cbc=7, For Fe415 steel st=150

MPa and m=13.33 for M20 concrete and Fe415

steel
m
cbc
kThe
design
are:

constants
0.39

m cbc st

j=1-(k/3)=0.87
Q= cbcjk = 1.19
Effective depth
Mis calculated
13.3x10 6 as

30

Qb

1.19 x1000

105.7 mm

 Step 3: Design of section: (Contd.)

Let over all thickness be 200 mm

with effective cover 33 mm

dprovided=167 mm
M
13.3x10 6
A st

610.27 mm 2
st jd 150 x 0.87 x167

Spacing of 16 mm diameter bar =

201x1000

329.36mmc / c
.27
(Max 610
spacing 3d=501mm)

Provide #16@300 c/c as vertical

reinforcement on water face
31

 Step 3: Design of section: (Contd.)

3
T
161
.
72
x
10

Hoop steel:
A st1

1078.13mm 2
st
150

113 x1000
104mmc / c
Spacing of 12 mm diameter bar =
1078.13
Provide #12@100 c/c as hoop reinforcement

on water face

113 x1000
2
A

1130
mm
st
Actual area of steel provided
100
32

 Step 4: Check for tensile stress:

T
161.72 x10 3
c

0.76 N / mm 2
1000 t (m 1)A st 1000 x 200 (13.33 1) x1130

Permissible stress = 0.27fck=1.2 N/mm2 >

c Safe

33

 Step 5: Distribution Steel:

Minimum area of steel is 0.24% of concrete

area
Ast=(0.24/100) x1000 x 200
= x480
50.24
1000 mm2
104.7.mmc / c
480
Spacing of 8 mm diameter bar =

Provide #8 @ 100 c/c as vertical and

horizontal distribution on the outer face.

34

 Step 5: Base slab:

The thickness of base slab shall be 150

mm. The base slab rests on firm ground, hence

only minimum reinforcement is provided.

Ast=(0.24/100) x1000 x 150 = 360 mm2

Reinforcement for each face = 180 mm 2

50.24 x1000
279.mmc / c
Spacing of 8 mm diameter bar 180
=
Provide #8 @ 250 c/c as vertical and horizontal

distribution on the outer face.

35

36

A TYPICAL DRAWING

37

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