Яцкив И. В. - Моделирование Систем. Опорный Конспект

..
Transporta un sakaru institts

.. . . - :
, 2002. 86 .

. (44482) (465232)
.
1.1
....
1.2
1.
-
-
-
1.3

z

()

()

1.4

(
)
1.5
,
:

,
aa

,

,
1.6

,
(
)

1.7

z

,

(, )

(, )

(.,
..)
1.8

z
z
z
z
z
(
)

0

1.9

z

,
,
-
. :
-
- .
-
1.10

z

,

(Schlesinger, 1974)
1.11
-
(Naylor and Finger,1967):
z
z
z
(1)
(2)

(3)

1.12
(1)

:
z
z
z
( )
1.13

z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
1.14

z
.

,
.
.
.

()

1.15

:
z

(, ) ?
1.16

, :
z
z
z

, ,

1.17

z
z
z
1.18

:
z
z
1.19

:
z
z
z
1.
( , ,
)
2.
3.

1.20
1.
( , ,
)
1.21
() z
10
1.22
z

:

(, ,
, )

()
1.23
z

:

(
)

1.24
z
,

:

(
)
11
1.25
2.
z
z
z

(
)
()
( )
1.26
3.

:
z
z
z
1.27
3.

:
z
z
12
2.1
2.

2.2

z

/

(Pegden - 1995)
2.3

:
z
z
13
2.4

,

,

( )
2.5
M/M/n
Arrivals
Queue
Departures
Servers
2.6

z
z
() (entity)
,

.

.
.., ,
(, ,
)
14
2.7

(activity) ,

. ,
.
(

(resource) ,
.
.

2.8

()
,
()

2.9

z
,
.
.. (
)
..

(.. ,
)

( )
15
2.10

ei - () i- ;
ti - i- ;
ci - i- ;
2.11

:
Ai = ti ti-1 = (i-1) i
;
Si = ,
i-
(
).
2.12

z
z
z
z
z
(1)
0
(2)
()
(3)
(4)

(5) -,
2,3,4
16
2.13

15
15
55
15
70
75
90
45
90
135
15
105
75
135
210
15
120
25
210
235
15
135
35
235
270
15
150
55
270
325
105
255
55
325
380
15
270
35
380
415
15
285
25
415
440
2.14
,

1
2
3
4
5
6
0
15
70
90
105
120
135
135
Start
A
E
A
A
A
A
E
150
210
A
E
235
240
STOP
Waits ends
for entity 3
Waits ends
for entity 4
Waits ends
for entity 5
A
15
90
90
105
120
135
E
70
70
135
135
135
135
150
210
S
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
240
255
255
210
235
240
240
255
270
240
2.15

z
z
z
17
2.16
18
2.17
19
2.18
20
3.1
3.

3.2

z

/

(Pegden - 1995)
3.1.
3.2.
3.3
21
3.4
3.1.
z
z
z

(
)
()
3.5
M/M/n
Arrivals
Queue
Departures
Servers
3.6

z
z
z
z
,

(0,1)

22
3.7

( )

p(A)
z u ~ R(0,1)
z - u < p(A)
z - u > p(A)
z
3.8

( )
3.9
:

. .

.
.

.
23
3.10
:

(seconds)
(%)
0 - 30
15
66
55
30 - 60
45
36
30
60 - 90
75
12
10
90 - 120
105
3.11
:

.
(seconds)
(%)
20 - 30
25
17
17
30 - 40
35
28
28
40 - 50
45
25
25
50 60
55
20
20
60 - 90
75
10
10
3.12
:
Random number
0 - 30
66
0.55
0.55
0.00 - 0.55
30 - 60
36
0.30
0.85
0.55 - 0.85
60 - 90
12
0.10
0.95
0.85 - 0.95
90 - 120
0.05
1.00
0.95 - 1.00
24
3.13
:
.
(sec)
.
(%)
(%)
20 - 30
25
17
17
17
00 0.17
30 - 40
35
28
28
45
0.18 0.45
40 - 50
45
25
25
70
0.46 0.70
50 - 60
55
20
20
90
0.71 0.90
60 - 90
75
10
10
100
0.91 1.00
3.14
:
0.08
0.00
0.10
0.72
0.52
0.25
0.87
0.27
0.02
0.46
0.46
0.11
0.15
0.73
0.96
0.95
0.04
0.76
3.15
:
.
.
.
0.08
0.87
15
75
15
90
0
0
0.72
0.46
55
45
15
90
70
135
0
0
0.15
15
105
0.96
75
135
210
30
0.04
15
120
0.00
25
210
235
90
0.52
15
135
0.27
35
235
270
100
0.46
15
150
0.73
55
270
325
120
0.95
105
255
0.76
55
325
380
70
0.10
15
270
0.25
35
380
415
110
0.02
15
285
0.11
25
415
440
130
25
3.16
:
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
440
9
2 .
3 .
72.2
50.4.
130 .
405/440=0.92
3.17

( )
z
,
a b
z u ~ R(0,1)
z x=a+(b-a)u
3.18

( )
26
3.19

( )
z
z u ~ R(0,1)
z
= 1/
= 1/
(1 / ) ln( 1 u )
3.20

( )
,
N(, )

:
Y1, Y2, , Yn

E[Yi]= y
D[Yi]= y2 < . n
( yi n y )
z = i =1
y n

z
3.21

( )
:
z n ui ~ R(0,1)
n
n
z
ui
z=
i =1
n 12
x = z + .
27
4.1
4.

4.2

z

,
?
4.3

:
z
z
z
z

?

?

?
,

?
28
4.4

4.5

,

4.6

9

( )
(
)
29
4.7

- J,

, .
4.8

I.
,

( )

4.9

II.
30
4.10
1.
z
z
z
4.11

z
(
).

:
-

-

4.12

z
z
:
-
-
-
31
4.13
2.
z
4.14

z
z

.
-
(y-b,y+b)
Nt = (z2 1 Dy ) / b2
4.15

z
1 L
D=
(yi yL)2
L1 i=1
32
5.1
5:

@TSI
@.,2001
5.2
,

(++)

(GPSS, SIMAN)

(WITNESS, Arena,
Extend, ProModel)
5.3

5.4

(1955-60)
?
K.Tocher, D.Owen
General Simulation
Program (1960)
33
5.5
(1961-65)
5.6
GPSS (Gordon)
SIMSCRIPT (Markowitz)
Fortran
GASP (Kiviat)
ALGOL,
Fortran
SIMULA -
ALGOL
CSL

(1966-70)
GPSS/360 (7
)
SIMSCRIPT II
ECSL
SIMULA (
)
5.7

(1971-78)
GPSS/NORDEN(visual
online environment)
GPSS/H(O.Henriksen,
1977, IBM mainfraimes)
GASP-IV(A.Pritsker)
SIMULA
5.8

(1979-86)
SLAM II (A.Pritsker)
SIMAN (D.Pegden)

MS-DOS
34
5.9

(1987-...)
9
9
9

: ARENA,
Witness
5.10
500

SIMSCRIPT
SIMULA
GPSS
DYNAMO
MIMIC
SLAM
HE
SIMNET
NETWORK
5.11

I.
(
, ...)
,

5.12

II.

,
,

35
5.13

III.
(2D, 3D)

hardware

5.14

IV.
,

-

5.15

V. ,

Help

36
6.1
6: GPSS General
Purpose Simulation System
1961. . (IBM)
:

6.2
GPSS
GPSS/PC
GPSS/H
GPSSV
GPSS/WORLD
6.3

GPSS

-
..
6.4

GPSS

37
6.5
GPSS

6.6
GPSS
F
S
L
V, BV
FN
6.7
GPSS ()
.
Q
T
X
M
C
G
6.8
(, )

( )

38
6.9

()

6.10
6.11

. ,

z ()
z (
z
6.12

,

z
z
39
6.13
6.14

, , ,
,

z
z
( )
6.15
6.16

()
()
40
6.17
6.18

GPSS

,

,

6.19
//1
6.20
M/M/1
GENERATE
QUEUE
SEIZE
DEPART
ADVANCE
RELEASE
TERMINATE
(Exponential(1,0,10))
BUFFER
PRIBOR
BUFFER
(Exponential(1,0,12))
PRIBOR
1
41
7.1
7:
GPSS
7.2

GPSS

,
,
, ,
,
,

7.3
GENERATE A,B,C,D,E
GENERATE
60
GENERATE
60,20
GENERATE
(NORMAL(1,20,2))
GENERATE
5,FN$TYPE
GENERATE
60,20,10
GENERATE
60,,,5
GENERATE
(UNIFORM(1,40,80)),,,,4
7.4
PRIORITY
PRIORITY
PRIORITY
5
FN$TYPE
42
7.5
TERMINATE A
TERMINATE
TERMINATE 1
TERMINATE 5
7.6
SEIZE
RELEASE
A
A
SEIZE
SERVER
RELEASE SERVER
7.7
ADVANCE
ADVANCE
ADVANCE
A,B
60
60,20
.. N(20,2)
ADVANCE (NORMAL(1,20,2))
.. Erl(2,1/20)
ADVANCE (EXPONENTIAL (1,0,20))

ADVANCE (EXPONENTIAL (1,0,20))
7.8
,
Name
STORAGE
BUFER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
LEAVE
LEAVE
LEAVE
STORAGE
exp
3
A,B
BUFER
BUFER,3
A,B
BUFER
BUFER,3
43
7.9
,

QUEUE
A,B
QUEUE
QUEUE
DEPART
RINDA
RINDA,2
A,B
DEPART
DEPART
RINDA
RINDA,2
7.10

NAME
VARIABLE EXP

ERL VARIABLE
(EXPONENTIAL(1,0,0.25))+(EXPONENTIAL(1,0,0.25))
GENERATE
V$ERL
8.1
8:
(SNA)
-
.
,

GPSS
8.2
GPSS

PR-
1
MPj
- =
-
j-

Pj
P$name
44
8.3
ASSIGN
A,B
ASSIGN
ASSIGN
ASSIGN
1,5
1+,1
2,FN$TYPE
ASSIGN
DLINA,2 - P$DLINA
8.4
MARK
MARK
ASSIGN
8.5
2
1,MP2

()

INITIAL
INITIAL
X1,0
X$COUNT,5

SAVEVALUE A,B
SAVEVALUE 1,10
SAVEVALUE 1+,1
SAVEVALUE COUNT-,1
8.6

N$label ,

W$label
45
8.7

F$name 1, , 0 -
FC$name -
FI$name 1,
Interrupt, 0 -
FR$name -
FT$name
FV$name 1, - , 0 -
8.8
Q$name
QA$name
QC$name
QM$name
QZ$name
QT$name
QX$name

8.9
8.10
R$name
S$name
SA$name
SC$name
SE$name 1- , 0 -
SF$name 1- , 0 -
SR$name
SM$name . -
ST$name -
SV$name 1- , 0-

(LS$name)

Set 1
Reset 0
LS$name 1
, 0 .
46
8.11

(LS$name)
INITIAL A
INITIAL
LS$LOCK
LOGIC X
X :
R
L
I
LOGIC R
8.12
LOCK
GATE
TEST
TRANSFER
8.13
GATE X
A,B

,

X .

,
A
B
8.14
FNV
FV
I
NI
NU
U
GATE NU
GATE U
BUFER
BUFER,METKA
47
8.15
SE
SF
SNE
SNF
SNV
SV
GATE SNF
GATE SV
8.16
SERER
BUFER,METKA

LS
LR
GATE LS
GATE LS
LOCK
LOCK,METKA
8.17
TEST X
A,B,C
-

A B
X :
E, G, L, LE, GE, NE
TEST L
TEST E
Q$BUFER,5
PR,1,METKA
8.18
TRANSFER
A,B,C,D

,
A

48
8.19

A
,
B
TRANSFER
,METKA
8.20
A .XXX
B
C

, A,
, C,
,
B
TRANSFER
.75,METKA,OUT
8.21
BOTH
A BOTH
B
C

, .
,
B, ,
, ,
, B
TRANSFER
BOTH,METKA,OUT
8.22
ALL
A ALL
B
C
D
TRANSFER ALL,MET1,MET2,5
MET1 SEIZE ...
4
SEIZE ...
4
MET2
SEIZE
49
8.23
PICK
A PICK
B
C

TRANSFER PICK,MET1,MET2
MET1 SEIZE ...
..
MET2 SEIZE
8.24

FUNCTION - FN

PARAMETER P

SUBROUTINE SBR
SIMULTANEOUS SIM

delay
8.25
:

NAME TABLE
A,B,C,D
A- , B
1- , C
, D -
TABULATE
(A- )
8.26
:

NAME QTABLE
A,B,C,D
A- ,
B 1- ,
C , D -
50
1

. ,
[35, 75] .
20 . :
[16, 30] ,
25 . , ,
FIFO.
= 500 . .

VAR
* segment 1
GEN1
SER1
OUT1
* segment 2
GEN2
VARIABLE (N$GEN1+N$GEN2-N$SER1-N$SER2)/(N$GEN1+N$GEN2)
GENERATE 55,20
TEST L
Q$BUFER,2,OUT1
QUEUE
BUFER
SEIZE
SERVER
DEPART
BUFER
ADVANCE 23,7
RELEASE
SERVER
TERMINATE
GENERATE 20
TEST L
Q$BUFER,2,OUT2
SER2
QUEUE
BUFER
SEIZE
SERVER
DEPART
BUFER
ADVANCE 25
RELEASE
SERVER
OUT2
TERMINATE
* segment 3 timer
GENERATE 500
SAVEVALUETOT,V$VAR
TERMINATE 1
( )
GPSS World Simulation Report - lb3.85.1

Tuesday, October 23, 2001 20:44:54
START TIME
END TIME BLOCKS FACILITIES STORAGES
0.000
500.000
19
1
0
NAME
VALUE
BUFER
10005.000
GEN1
1.000
GEN2
9.000
OUT1
8.000
OUT2
16.000
SERV1
3.000
SERV2
11.000
SERVER
10007.000
TOT
10009.000
VAR
10000.000
LABEL
LOC BLOCK TYPE ENTRY COUNT CURRENT COUNT RETRY
GEN1
1 GENERATE
8
0
0
2 TEST
8
0
0
SERV1
3 QUEUE
4
0
0
4 SEIZE
4
0
0
5 DEPART
4
0
0
6 ADVANCE
4
0
0
7 RELEASE
4
0
0
51
OUT1
GEN2
SERV2
OUT2
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
TERMINATE
GENERATE
TEST
QUEUE
SEIZE
DEPART
ADVANCE
RELEASE
TERMINATE
GENERATE
SAVEVALUE
TERMINATE
8
25
25
18
16
16
16
15
22
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FACILITY
SERVER
ENTRIES UTIL. AVE. TIME AVAIL. OWNER PEND INTER RETRY DELAY
20
0.960
24.000
1
32
0
0
0
2
QUEUE
BUFER
MAX CONT. ENTRY ENTRY(0) AVE.CONT. AVE.TIME AVE.(-0) RETRY

2
2
22
1
1.398
31.778
33.291
0
SAVEVALUE
TOT
RETRY
0
VALUE
0.333
FEC XN PRI
BDT
ASSEM CURRENT NEXT PARAMETER VALUE
32 0
516.363 32
14 15
36 0
520.000 36
0
9
34 0
528.535 34
0
1
37 0
1000.000 37
0 17
, :
0 500;
19 ;
10 , ;
8 1- 25 2- ;
4 1- 18 2- ;
4 1- 16 2- ;
4 1- 15 2- ;
8 1- 22 2- ;
2 2- 1 2 ;
20 ;
0.96;
24 .;
32, 2
;
2;
2 ;
22 ;
0- 1;
- - 1.398;
0- 31.778;
0- 33.291;
32
516.363 ;
520 . 2;
528.535 . 1;
1000 ;
0.333
2

,
:
.
100
200
300
400
52
.
0.1
0.25 0.45 0.2
2- . 1- 10
, 2- .
:
PRIB1 (10010), PRIB2 (8010), PRIB3 (5010)
LIFO.
, 1- ,
PRIB4 (205).
:
1) , PRIB4 20 ;
1000 ,
2) , 2- ,
3) .
T
POST
FUNCTION RN1,D4
.10,100/.35,200/.8,300/1,400
PART1
STORAGE
10
INITIAL
X$STOCK,0
TIME
TABLE
M1,15,20,10
MM1
MM7
MM3
MM4
MM5
MM6
MM8
MM10
GENERATE
TRANSFER
ENTER
GATE U
GATE U
GATE U
LINK
SEIZE
ADVANCE
RELEASE
TRANSFER
SEIZE
ADVANCE
RELEASE
TRANSFER
SEIZE
ADVANCE
RELEASE
UNLINK
LEAVE
PRIORITY
SEIZE
ADVANCE
RELEASE
TABULATE
SAVEVALUE
TEST NE
TERMINATE
GENERATE
TERMINATE
START
1,FN$POST
BOTH,MM1,MM2
PART1
PRIB1,MM3
PRIB2,MM4
PRIB3,MM5
LINE1,LIFO
PRIB1
100,10
PRIB1
,MM6
PRIB2
80,10
PRIB2
,MM6
PRIB3
50,10
PRIB3
LINE,MM7,1
PART1
1
PRIB4
20,5
PRIB4
TIME
STOCK+,1
X$STOCK,20,MM10
1000
1
1
53
9.1
9:

9.2
(FN$NAME)
:
- C
- D

NAME FUNCTION
A,B
X(1),Y(1)/X(2),Y(2)//X(n),Y(n)
A- , B +
9.3

TIME FUNCTION
RN1,C4
0,0/0.1,100/0.4,200/1.0,300
GENERATE 1,FN$TIME
ASSIGN
1,FN$TIME
ADVANCE P1
9.4

TYPE FUNCTION
0,0/0.1,1/0.4,2/1.0,3
ASSIGN
TEST E
RN1,D4
1,FN$TYPE
P1,3,OUT
54
(Schr4d1.gps)
*
Function Definition
*
Mean FUNCTION
RN1,D5
;Distribution of Mean Service Time
.1,450/.29,750/.61,1000/.85,1500/1,3000
*
*
Storage Capacity Definition
*
Telrs STORAGE
8
;Provide 8 Tellers
*
*
Model Segment 1
*
GENERATE (Exponential(1,0,180))
;Customers arrive
ASSIGN
1,(Exponential(1,0,FN$Mean)) ;Set P1=ServiceTime
QUEUE
One
;Enter the line
ENTER
Telrs
;Engage a teller
DEPART
One
;Leave the line
ADVANCE
P1
;Transact business
LEAVE
Telrs
;Free the teller
TERMINATE
;Leave the bank
*
*
Model Segment 2
*
GENERATE
180000
;Timer arrives after5h.
TERMINATE
1
;Shut off the run
55
9.5
LINK A,B,C
, A
B
(FIFO, LIFO, Pj)
(
SEIZE)
LINK
METKA1 SEIZE
.
9.6
LINE1,LIFO,METKA1
CHANEL
UNLINK
A,B,C
, A
, B

LINK
METKA1 SEIZE
.
RELEASE
UNLINK
LINE1,LIFO,METKA1
CHANEL
CHANEL
LINE1,METKA1,1
9.7
MET1
ASSIGN
GATE SF
LINK
ENTER
.
LEAVE
UNLINK
1,FN$DLINA
SERVER,MET1
LINE1,P1
SERVER
SERVER
LINE1,MET1,1
56
(Schr7a1.gps) BANK MODEL
*
Function Definition
Mean
FUNCTION
RN1,D5
.1,450/.29,750/.61,1000/.85,1500/1,3000
*
*
*
Storage Capacity Definition
*
Telrs
STORAGE
8
;Provide 8 Tellers
*
*
Model Segment 1
*
GENERATE (Exponential(1,0,180)) ;Customers arrive
ASSIGN
1,(Exponential(1,0,FN$Mean)) ;Set P1 = Service Time
PRIORITY 1
;Set high priority for later
*
service -completion event
QUEUE
One
;Enter the line
GATE SNF Telrs,Wait
;Is a teller available
Grab
ENTER
Telrs
;Yes capture a teller
DEPART
One
;Leave the line
ADVANCE
P1
;Transact business
LEAVE
Telrs
;Free the teller
UNLINK
Line,Grab,1
;Send next waiting customer
*
(if any) to capture
TERMINATE
;Leave the bank
Wait
LINK
Line,FIFO
;No, go onto back of user
chain
*
*
Model Segment 2
*
GENERATE
180000
;Timer arrives after 5 hours
TERMINATE
1
57
9.8
SELECT O A,B,C,D,E,F -

:
FNV, FV, I, LS, LR, NI, NU, SE, SF, SNE,
SNF, SNV, SV, U, E, G, GE, L, LE, MIN,
MAX, or NE.
A ,

9.9
B
C
D ,
-
.
D E
F
(Schr7a2.gps) BANK MODEL

*
Function Definition
*
Mean FUNCTION
RN1,D5
.1,450/.29,750/.61,1000/.85,1500/1,3000
*
*
Model Segment 1
*
GENERATE
(Exponential(1,0,180)) ;Customers arrive
ASSIGN
1,(Exponential(1,0,FN$Mean)) ;Set P1 = service time
PRIORITY
1
;Set high priority for later
*
Service -completion event
SELECT E
2,1,8,0,F,Queup
;Is teller available?
Line QUEUE
P2
;Update segregated line data
QUEUE
10
;Update aggregate line data
SEIZE
P2
;Capture a teller
DEPART
10
;Update aggregate line data
DEPART
P2
;Update segregated line data
ADVANCE
P1
;Transact business
RELEASE
P2
;Free the teller
TERMINATE
;Leave the bank
Queup SELECT MIN 2,1,8,,Q
;Set P2 = number of shortest
line
TRANSFER
,Line
;Go queue up
*
GENERATE
180000
;Timer arrives after 5 hours
TERMINATE
1
;Shut off the run
58
10.1
10:

10.2

GENERATE

SPLIT ,

-
10.3

SPLIT A,B
-
,

SPLIT
SPLIT
10.4
5,METKA1
5,MET,2

- ,
- ,
59
10.5
,

ASSEMBLE
GATHER
MATCH
GATE
10.6
ASSEMBLE A ()
,
A (-1)
,

10.7

GATHER
A
,
A,

10.8

MATCH A
. A
.
:
- ,
,

- . ,
,

60
10.9

LOOP A,B

,
(),
, = 0 ,
,
0,
11:

, , , , ,
. ,
.
,
.
, , -
, .
, .
.
1. ?
2. ? ( ,
, . , ,
, .
3. ?
, ,
?

.
1. , ,
. ,
. ,
. ,
.
2. ,
.
.

. ,
, ,
, ,
.

.
1. , .
61
2. - , ,
.
3. - , ,
.
1 ,
. ,
. ,
1) , ADVANCE,
, 2) ,
.
, ,
, .
, .. ,
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
, GPSS.
, .
.
.
,
GPSS-.

;
.

() SEIZE
RELEASE PREEMPT () RETURN ().
PREEMPT :
PREEMPT A,B,C,D,E
A , . B
. , ,
. B PR, ,
- , .
C, D E , .
C , . D
, ,
.
E
. E RE, .
RETURN A, ,
.
PREEMPT RETURN
. , , PREEMPT
A.
,

.
62
1. . . - http://www.osp.interline.ru/nets/1998/05/index.htm
2. Jerry Banks, John S.Carson ll, Barry L.Nelson, David Nicol. Discrete-Event System Simulation.- Prentice
Hall, New Jersey, 2000. 594p.
3. Law Averill.M., Kelton W.D. Simulation Modelling and Analysis. McGraw-Hill,1991. 760p.
4. Yatskiv I. Introduction to Simulation Modelling. Riga: Transport and Telecommunication Institute, 2000,
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
99p.
.. . . : , 1997.-254.
. . .:,1979. 600lpp.
. GPSS. .:, 1980. 592.
Kleijnen V.G., Jack P.C. Simulation: a statistical perspetive. - Wiley, New York, 1992. 241p.
B.Ripley. Stohastic Simulation. - Wiley, New York, 1987. 198p.
63

2001/2002 .
14
4-
4801BN
2002 .
Rga 2002
64
:
1.
.
2. ,
.
.
:
. 1 {1}. 2
, {2}.
: {3}; {4}..
, ,
{5}. Tf=500 .
.
. .
,
.
.
.
l2
l1
tm
l1
l2
0
44
50
50
112
44
75
-
501
54
-
S
0
1
1
n
0
0
1
G
Q
0
0
1
0
1
1
:
l1= 1;
l2= 2;
tm= ;
S= (0 - , 1 - );
h= (). tm=0 h = 501 .
n= ;
G
Q =, (
).

{6}.
{7}.
, .
{1}.{2}.{3}.
14
{1}
( l=3, =0.25)
{2}
( =0.5)
{3}
( = 12, = 2 )
{4}
( =2)
65
{5}
FIFO
{6}
{7}

,
1. GPSS World
:
GENERATE
QUEUE
SEIZE
DEPART
ADVANCE
RELEASE
TERMINATE
GENERATE
QUEUE
SEIZE
DEPART
ADVANCE
RELEASE
TERMINATE
GENERATE
TERMINATE
(EXPONENTIAL(1,0,1/0.25)+EXPONENTIAL(1,0,1/0.25)+EXPONENTIAL(1,0,1/0.25))
* 1- . .
ONE
* ONE
SERVER
* SERVER
ONE
*
(NORMAL(1,12,2))
* . . .
SERVER
*
* ()
(POISSON(1,1/0.5))
*. 2- ...
ONE
SERVER
ONE
(EXPONENTIAL(1,0,1/2))
* . . .
SERVER
500
*- , . .
1
66
:
GPSS World Simulation Report - kr1_work.53.1
Tuesday, May 21, 2002 00:11:01
START TIME
0.000
END TIME
500.000
NAME
ONE
SERVER
LABEL
ENTRIES
263
QUEUE
ONE
FEC XN
291
260
283
292
PRI
0
0
0
0
FACILITIES
1
STORAGES
0
VALUE
10000.000
10001.000
LOC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
FACILITY
SERVER
BLOCKS
16
BLOCK TYPE
GENERATE
QUEUE
SEIZE
DEPART
ADVANCE
RELEASE
TERMINATE
GENERATE
QUEUE
SEIZE
DEPART
ADVANCE
RELEASE
TERMINATE
GENERATE
TERMINATE
UTIL.
0.997
ENTRY COUNT CURRENT COUNT RETRY

36
0
0
36
3
0
33
0
0
33
0
0
33
1
0
32
0
0
32
0
0
252
0
0
252
22
0
230
0
0
230
0
0
230
0
0
230
0
0
230
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
AVE. TIME AVAIL. OWNER PEND INTER RETRY DELAY

1.896 1
260
0
0
0
25
MAX CONT. ENTRY ENTRY(0) AVE.CONT. AVE.TIME

28
25
288
2
12.689
22.029
AVE.(-0) RETRY
22.183
0
BDT
502.000
502.460
504.025
1000.000
VALUE
ASSEM
291
260
283
292
CURRENT
0
5
0
0
NEXT
8
6
1
15
PARAMETER
, :
1-0.997= 0.003;
, 12.689;
36 252 ,
33 230 ;
3 22
.
67
2. Delphi 6

.1

.

( ) Random .

(
), -
(
).
,
.
. - 500
.
,

,
(. 2).

. .
68
. 2
, -
. ,

.
, :
( ,
L1
)
( ,
L2
)
,
h
Q:L1 ,
Q:L2 ,
,
Q:h
S:
S
( ) :
-1
0
69
,
(. 3), ,
( ,
).
. 3

, .
(. 4). ,
,
(Statistics)
.
.4
70

.
Graphs Stats 2D Graphs
Histograms. (. 5)
.
( ),
. 5
, Fit Type (. 6) ,
( ) .
. 6 Fit Type
71
, (,
)
, , ,
.
1.
500
.

:
()
,
( ,
).
.
3.
:
72
()
,
.
.
4.
:
73
()
,
( ,
,

).
.
:
.

:
Tm,L1,L2,H,Total:real;
S:boolean;
CurrL:integer;
Q:TStringList;
EndQueue:integer;
EndServerStatus:boolean;
Tm
L1
L2
H
Total
S
CurrL
Q
EndQueue
EndServerStatus

1.
2.

(0 , -1 )

,

74
:
function
function
function
function
function
Exponen(lamda:real):real;
Erlang(lamda:real):real;
Normal(Mat,Disp:real):real;
Mini(Nr1,Nr2:real):real;
BusyTime:real;
:
Exponen

,
. ( Random
0 1)
Erlang

, .
Normal

. ,
.
Mini
(
) .
, 1 2,
.
BusyTime
75
,
. ,
( ).

( ).
.
76
Begin
L1=Erlang
1
L2=Poisson
2
L1>L2
Tm=L1
Tm=L2
CurrL=1
CurrL=2
L1=Erlang
L2=Poisson
Tm<H
Q.Append(CurrL)
1
S=0
Q.Count=0
H=Tm+BusyTime
Q.Append(CurrL)
S=1
CurrL=Q[0]
Q.delete(0)
H=H+BusyTime
S=1
H<500
End
77

2001/2002 .
14
"
"
4-
4801BN
2002 .
Rga 2002
78
:
() .
.
,
. , .

. (
, (2 1).
=28 2.
:
GPSS .
1. ,
20% ( 28).
, .
2. :
,
(1
..).
( ).
3. .
.
:
14.
= 0.15
79
1
,
25-28.
: 26.
GPSS World
TIME
CIKL
METKA1
AGAIN
WAIT
TABLE
TABLE
INITIAL
M1,1000,1000,11
P2,0,1,8
X$KVANT,26
;Vremja prebivan.zajavki v sisteme

;Kol-vo ciklov zajavki
;Znachenije kvanta
GENERATE
ASSIGN
QUEUE
GATE NU
SEIZE
DEPART
ADVANCE
ASSIGN
RELEASE
ADVANCE
UNLINK
ASSIGN
TEST LE
TABULATE
TABULATE
TERMINATE
(EXPONENTIAL(1,0,1/0.15))
;Chastota postuplenija zajavok
1,(NORMAL(1,28,2))
;Vremja, neobhod.na polnoe obsluzhivanie zajavki
MAYDAY
;Nachinaem sbor statist. ob ocheredi
SERVER,WAIT
;Server zanjat?
SERVER
;Zanimaem server
MAYDAY
;Konec statist. ob ocheredi
X$KVANT
;Zaderzhka na kvant vremeni
2+,1
;Uvelichivaem kol-vo ciklov
SERVER
;Osvobozhdaem server
2,1
;Zaderzhka na peredachu iz CepiPolz. k terminalu
LINE,AGAIN,1
;Vikinut' iz CP na terminal
1-,X$KVANT
;Umen'shaem vremja obsluzh. zajavki
P1,0,METKA1
;Proverjaem, ne isteklo-li vremja obsluzh.zajavki
TIME
;Tabuliruem dannie dlja tablici TIME
CIKL
;Tabuliruem dannie dlja tablici CIKL
;Udaljaem aktivnuju zajavku iz sistemi
ADVANCE
LINK
2,1
LINE,FIFO
GENERATE
TERMINATE
10000
1
;Zaderzhka na peredachu ot terminala k CP

;Pomeschaem v cep' polzovatelja
START TIME
0.000
END TIME
10000.000
NAME
AGAIN
CIKL
KVANT
LINE
MAYDAY
METKA1
SERVER
TIME
WAIT
LABEL
METKA1
AGAIN
WAIT
BLOCKS
20
FACILITIES
1
STORAGES
0
VALUE
5.000
10001.000
10002.000
10008.000
10004.000
3.000
10005.000
10000.000
17.000
LOC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
BLOCK TYPE
GENERATE
ASSIGN
QUEUE
GATE
SEIZE
DEPART
ADVANCE
ASSIGN
RELEASE
ADVANCE
UNLINK
ASSIGN
TEST
TABULATE
TABULATE
TERMINATE
ADVANCE
LINK

1496
0
0
1496
0
0
1771
0
0
1771
0
0
385
0
0
385
0
0
385
1
0
384
0
0
384
0
0
384
0
0
384
0
0
384
0
0
384
0
0
109
0
0
109
0
0
109
0
0
1769
0
0
1769
1386
0
80
19
20
FACILITY
SERVER
ENTRIES
385
QUEUE
MAYDAY
UTIL.
1.000
1
1
0
0
MEAN
STD.DEV.
4351.562 2540.965
CIKL
USER CHAIN
LINE
SIZE RETRY
1385
0
SAVEVALUE
KVANT
AVE.CONT
682.722
RETRY
0
PRI
0
0
0
RANGE
_
1000.000
2000.000
3000.000
4000.000
5000.000
6000.000
7000.000
8000.000
9000.000
0.499
0.000
1.000
1.560
BDT
10013.720
10014.861
20000.000
0
0

25.964 1
325
0
0
0
1

1386 1386
1771
2
683.992
3862.180
TABLE
TIME
FEC XN
325
1498
1499
GENERATE
TERMINATE
1000.000
2000.000
3000.000
4000.000
5000.000
6000.000
7000.000
8000.000
9000.000
10000.000
1.000
2.000
ENTRIES MAX
1769 1385
AVE.(-0) RETRY
3866.546
0
RETRY FREQUENCY CUM.%

0
13
11.93
15
25.69
11
35.78
11
45.87
11
55.96
13
67.89
16
82.57
11
92.66
6
98.17
2
100.00
0
48
44.04
61
100.00
AVE.TIME
3859.369
VALUE
26.000
ASSEM
325
1498
1499
CURRENT
7
0
0
NEXT
8
1
19
PARAMETER
1
VALUE
30.190
, ,
.
= 25
TABLE
CIKL
MEAN
1.713
STD.DEV.
0.455
0.000
1.000
RANGE
-
1.000
2.000

0
27
28.72
67
100.00
27 (28.72%) , 67 (71.28%) .
= 26
81
TABLE
CIKL
MEAN
1.596
STD.DEV.
0.493
0.000
1.000
RANGE
-
1.000
2.000

0
42
40.38
62
100.00
42 (40.38%) , 62 (59.62%) .
= 28
TABLE
CIKL
MEAN
1.197
STD.DEV.
0.399
0.000
1.000
RANGE
-
1.000
2.000

0
159
80.30
39
100.00
159 (80.30%) , 39(19.70%) .
= 12
TABLE
CIKL
MEAN
2.975
STD.DEV.
0.158
1.000
2.000
RANGE
-
2.000
3.000

0
2
2.53
77
100.00
, , 2 2 77
.
82
,
, - 26-30.
2
( 1),
( = 26) ,
, 1 (,
). ,
,
, = 1. , ,
,
2 ( ) 1 ( ) = 1,
, , = 1.
, , (
). , .
( 2- )
TIME
CIKL
PRITET
METKA1
SKIP
AGAIN
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
INITIAL
M1,1000,1000,11
P2,0,1,8
PR,0,1,3
X$KVANT,26
;Vremja prebivan.zajavki v sisteme

;Kol-vo ciklov zajavki
;S kakim prioritetom zajavka pokinula sistemu
;Znachenije kvanta
GENERATE
ASSIGN
TRANSFER
PRIORITY
QUEUE
GATE NU
SEIZE
DEPART
ADVANCE
ASSIGN
RELEASE
ADVANCE
UNLINK
ASSIGN
TEST LE
TABULATE
TABULATE
TABULATE
TERMINATE
(EXPONENTIAL(1,0,1/0.15))
;Chastota postuplenija zajavok
1,(NORMAL(1,28,2))
;Vremja, neobhod.na polnoe obsluzhivanie zajavki
,SKIP
;Propuskaem ustanovku prioriteta
1
;Ustanovka prioriteta (uvelichenie)
MAYDAY
;Nachinaem sbor statist. ob ocheredi
SERVER,WAIT
;Server zanjat?
SERVER
;Zanimaem server
MAYDAY
;Konec statist. ob ocheredi
X$KVANT
;Zaderzhka na kvant vremeni
2+,1
;Uvelichivaem kol-vo ciklov
SERVER
;Osvobozhdaem server
2,1
;Zaderzhka na peredachu iz CepiPolz. k terminalu
LINE,AGAIN,1
;Vikinut' iz CP na terminal
1-,X$KVANT
;Umen'shaem vremja obsluzh. zajavki
P1,0,METKA1
;Proverjaem, ne isteklo-li vremja obsluzh.zajavki
TIME
;Tabuliruem dannie dlja tablici TIME
CIKL
;Tabuliruem dannie dlja tablici CIKL
PRITET
;Tabuliruem dannie dlja tablici PRITET
;Udaljaem aktivnuju zajavku iz sistemi
83
WAIT
ADVANCE
LINK
2,1
LINE,PR
GENERATE
TERMINATE
10000
1
;Zaderzhka na peredachu ot terminala k CP

;Pomeschaem v cep' polzovatelja
LABEL
METKA1
SKIP
AGAIN
WAIT
START TIME
0.000
NAME
AGAIN
CIKL
KVANT
LINE
MAYDAY
METKA1
PRITET
SERVER
SKIP
TIME
WAIT
LOC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
FACILITY
SERVER
QUEUE
MAYDAY
TABLE
TIME
CIKL
PRITET
USER CHAIN
ENTRIES
385
END TIME
10000.000
BLOCK TYPE
GENERATE
ASSIGN
TRANSFER
PRIORITY
QUEUE
GATE
SEIZE
DEPART
ADVANCE
ASSIGN
RELEASE
ADVANCE
UNLINK
ASSIGN
TEST
TABULATE
TABULATE
TABULATE
TERMINATE
ADVANCE
LINK
GENERATE
TERMINATE
UTIL.
1.000
BLOCKS FACILITIES STORAGES

23
1
0
VALUE
7.000
10001.000
10003.000
10010.000
10006.000
4.000
10002.000
10007.000
5.000
10000.000
20.000
1431
0
0
1431
0
0
1431
0
0
177
0
0
1608
0
0
1608
0
0
385
0
0
385
0
0
385
1
0
384
0
0
384
0
0
384
0
0
384
0
0
384
0
0
384
0
0
207
0
0
207
0
0
207
0
0
207
0
0
1606
0
0
1606
1223
0
1
0
0
1
0
0

25.964 1
208
0
0
0
1

1223 1223
1608
2
610.269
3795.206
MEAN
STD.DEV.
4247.552 2435.564
1.845
0.845
_
1000.000
2000.000
3000.000
4000.000
5000.000
6000.000
7000.000
8000.000
0.362
0.000
1.000
0.362
_
0.000
SIZE RETRY
AVE.CONT
RANGE
-
1000.000
2000.000
3000.000
4000.000
5000.000
6000.000
7000.000
8000.000
9000.000
1.000
2.000
0.000
1.000
ENTRIES
MAX
84
AVE.(-0) RETRY
3799.932
0

0
23
11.11
26
23.67
24
35.27
24
46.86
26
59.42
25
71.50
24
83.09
23
94.20
12
100.00
0
32
15.46
175
100.00
0
32
15.46
175
100.00
AVE.TIME
LINE
1222
SAVEVALUE
KVANT
609.028
RETRY
0
1606
1222
3792.202
VALUE
26.000
, , (
) ,
. , ( 40.38%
15.46%).
,
( 109 207),
.
. ,
( )
, ,
, , "" ,
.
, 0 1.
3

1, TIME.
:
TABLE
TIME
MEAN
STD.DEV.
4374.599 2481.265
_
500.000
1000.000
1500.000
2000.000
2500.000
3000.000
3500.000
4000.000
4500.000
RANGE
-
85
500.000
1000.000
1500.000
2000.000
2500.000
3000.000
3500.000
4000.000
4500.000
5000.000
RETRY FREQUENCY
0
12
10
12
10
13
12
12
12
12
14
CUM.%
5.88
10.78
16.67
21.57
27.94
33.82
39.71
45.59
51.47
58.33
5000.000
5500.000
6000.000
6500.000
7000.000
7500.000
8000.000
8500.000
5500.000
6000.000
6500.000
7000.000
7500.000
8000.000
8500.000
9000.000
11
11
12
13
10
11
12
5
63.73
69.12
75.00
81.37
86.27
91.67
97.55
100.00
S
S
1
1
2
2
,x +
x
n 1 ,
n 1
x
S
- [4374.599]
- [2481.265]
- t- ,
= 1 ( = 1 0.95 = 0.05 ) [ : 1.65]

- [204]
86

Яцкив И. В. - Моделирование Систем. Опорный Конспект

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Яцкив И. В. - Моделирование Систем. Опорный Конспект

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..

Transporta un sakaru institts

ADVANCE (EXPONENTIAL (1,0,20))

GPSS World Simulation Report - lb3.85.1

MAX CONT. ENTRY ENTRY(0) AVE.CONT. AVE.TIME AVE.(-0) RETRY

(Schr7a1.gps) BANK MODEL

(Schr7a2.gps) BANK MODEL

Transporta un sakaru institts

ENTRY COUNT CURRENT COUNT RETRY

AVE. TIME AVAIL. OWNER PEND INTER RETRY DELAY

MAX CONT. ENTRY ENTRY(0) AVE.CONT. AVE.TIME

Transporta un sakaru institts

;Vremja prebivan.zajavki v sisteme

;Zaderzhka na peredachu ot terminala k CP

ENTRY COUNT CURRENT COUNT RETRY

AVE. TIME AVAIL. OWNER PEND INTER RETRY DELAY

MAX CONT. ENTRY ENTRY(0) AVE.CONT. AVE.TIME

RETRY FREQUENCY CUM.%

RETRY FREQUENCY CUM.%

RETRY FREQUENCY CUM.%

RETRY FREQUENCY CUM.%

159 (80.30%) , 39(19.70%) .

RETRY FREQUENCY CUM.%

;Vremja prebivan.zajavki v sisteme

;Zaderzhka na peredachu ot terminala k CP

BLOCKS FACILITIES STORAGES

AVE. TIME AVAIL. OWNER PEND INTER RETRY DELAY

MAX CONT. ENTRY ENTRY(0) AVE.CONT. AVE.TIME

RETRY FREQUENCY CUM.%

= 1 ( = 1 0.95 = 0.05 ) [ : 1.65]

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