藉由lotus Effect 之原理來探討超疏水性表面

O O
lotus effect

(superhydrophobic surface)
()
OTS(Octadecyltrichlorosilane)
TEOS (Tetraethylorthosilicate
)
159
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces are generally made by lowering the surface energy and increasing the
surface roughness. In this experiment, we use different methods of spreading silicon dioxide
nanoparticles properly on the surface in order to increase the surface roughness and also make
superhydrophobic surfaces.
In the beginning, we find that the calcinations can cause its silicon dioxide nanoparticles to stick
together instead of increasing the contact angles. Then, add OTS (Octadecyltrichlorosilane) directly to
manufacture process of sol-gel, and observe the situations of the average length and the spread of silicon
dioxide nanoparticles with the time goes by. After a period of time, we will discover that many obvious
big particles deposit and spin-coating on the glass surfaces flop easily. Hence, this phenomenon is nt
proper for the following experiments or other uses. However, the contact angles have nothing to do
with dropping the sol-gel catalyzed ammonia to TEOS(Tetraethylorthosilicate) by different flowing
rates.
Finally, it is crucial for us to use the sandpapers to brush on the surfaces because it may cause the
silicon dioxide nanoparticles to spread well and obviously increase the contact angles. Combining the
silicon dioxide surfaces with the change of spin-coating rate and the cover with hydrophobic SAM, we
have made the superhydrophobic surfaces of 159.
()
TEOS (
)
OTS
Karl Fischer
atomic force microscopeAFM

(Scanning Electron MicroscopeSEM)
()
PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)
TEOS (Tetraethylorthosilicate) Si(OC2H5)4
OTS (Octadecyltrichlorosilane) C18H37Cl3Si
FTS(tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)-1-trichlorosilane)

Onda et al. (1996) alkylketene dimmer (AKD)
170 Erbil
et al. (2003) p-xylene good-solvent
non-solvent
methyl ethyl ketone
polypropylene 160 (poly)tetrafluoroethylene
(Miller et al.1849)(Shibuichi et al.
1996)(Coulson et al.2000)
pH
SAM
Nakajima et al.2000
(TEOStetraethyl orthosilicate)Si(OC2H5)4
Si(OR)4 + H2O Si(OR)3(OH) + ROH

Si(OR)3(OH) + Si(OR)3(OH) (OR)3Si-O-Si(OR)3 + H2O

Si(OR)3(OH) + Si(OR)4 (OR)3Si-O-Si(OR)3 + ROH

TEOS ()
() NH3(aq) dip coating
13mL NH3(aq) 50mL 45 30
2 0.025mL0.05mL0.1mL0.2 mL0.4 mL 3
mLTEOS
3 90
4 NH3(aq) 30
()
1
2
3
424
5
6
()
() NH3(aq) dip coating

136.8g 5.35g 10
2 2.30g TEOS 20
3 550mL 60
4 5
5 110 60
()
()
1
2
3
424
5
6
()
OTS
() NH3(aq)
136.8g 5.35g 10
2 2.30g TEOS 20
3 550mL 60
4 OTS
()
()
,
7:3()
()
() NH3(aq)
136.8g 5.35g 10
2 2.30g TEOS 20
3 550mL 60
4
5 60 60
()
1
2
3
424
5
6
()
() NH3(aq)
136.8g 5.35g 10
2 2.30g TEOS 20
3 550mL 60
4
5 60 60
()
1
2
3
424
5
6
()

TEOS ()
TEOS ()
1~2 OTS
105
OTS
OTS
OTS
OTS
OTS
270~310nm OTS 60
() OTS
OTS
30
4000rpm()
() 4000rpm

TEOS ()
OTS 30
4000rpm
159(
)
H.M. Shang, Y. Wang, S.J. Limmer,T.P. Chou, K. Takahashi,G.Z. Cao2005

Optically transparent superhydrophobic silica-based filmsThe Solid Films472
37-43
Kota Sreenivasa Rao, Khalil El-Hami, Tsutomu Kodaki, Kazumi Matsushige, Keisuke
Makino2005A novel method for synthesis of silica nanoparticlesJournal of
Colloid and Interface Science289125-131
Michele Ferrari, Francesca Ravera, and Libero Liggieri2005Preparation of a
superhydrophobic surface by mixed inorganic-organic coatingApplied Physics
Letters88203125
(A:B:C:D:E:
SampleF:G:H:I: J: CCD cameraK:
L:)
(mL/
)
(degree)
Average
100~105
100~105
0.4
104.88
107.85
105.14
105.6
105.78
105.85
0.2
109.24
111.42
102.53
106.52
110.13
107.968
0.1
105.30
107.86
102.42
108.44
110.78
106.96
0.05
108.45
105.84
107.46
100.25
106.89
105.778
0.025
110.20
108.52
101.17
110.66
106.18
107.346
TEOS ()
(degree)
Average
100~105
100~105
130.17
130.23
131.28
130.56
129.52
124.47
121.66
125.2167
AFM
AFM
Size(nm)
Intensity
Volume
Number
Peak Analysis by intensity
171
0 Peak
Area
177.7
184.6
191.9
199.4
0.1
0.1
0.3
207.2
0.2
0.3
0.7 Peak
215.4
0.6
0.7
1.5
223.8
1.5
1.6
232.6
3.1
3.1
5.2 Peak Analysis by number
241.7
5.5
5.4
7.9
251.2
8.7
8.1
261
12
10.8
12.8
271.3
14.3
12.9
13.7
281.9
14.8
13.6
12.9
293
13.4
12.7
10.9
304.5
10.5
10.7
8.2
316.4
7.2
5.5
328.8
4.3
5.4
3.3
341.7
2.2
3.2
1.8
355.1
1.8
0.9
369
0.4
0.9
0.4
383.5
0.1
0.4
0.2
398.6
0.2
0.1
414.2
0.1
Mean
100
Width
280.9
68.4
0.1 Peak Analysis by volume

Area
1
10.7 Peak
Mean
100
Area
1
Width
284.1
Mean
100
OTS 0~30
75.5
Width
274
72.3
% in class
Size distribution(s)
15
10
500
Diameter (nm)
OTS 0~30
Size(nm)
Intensity
Volume
Number
166.5
0 Peak
Area
173.6
181
188.7
196.8
0.1
0.1
0.3
205.2
0.2
0.3
0.8 Peak
214
0.7
0.8
1.7
223.2
1.6
1.7
3.2
232.7
3.2
3.2
242.7
5.7
5.3
8.1
253.1
8.9
263.9
12.1
10.7
12.8
275.2
14.4
12.6
13.5
287
14.8
13.3
12.6
299.2
13.2
12.5
10.6
312
10.3
10.6
7.9
325.4
5.3
339.3
4.1
5.5
3.2
353.8
2.1
3.4
1.8
369
0.9
1.9
0.9
384.7
0.4
0.4
401.2
0.1
0.5
0.2
418.4
0.3
0.1
436.3
0.2
Mean
100
Width
285.2
75.8

Area
1
10.8 Peak
Mean
100
Area
1
Width
290.4
Mean
100
OTS 30~60
85.2
Width
277.6
80.6
% in class
15
10
500
Diameter (nm)
OTS 30~60
Size(nm)
Intensity
Volume
Number
156
0 Peak
Area
164.9
174.3
184.2
194.7
0.1
0.3
205.8
0.3
0.1
0.6 Peak
217.5
0.8
0.2
1.2
29
326.7
109.3
229.8
1.8
0.4
2.1
71
465.6
56
242.9
3.6
0.8
3.4
256.7
6.2
1.4
271.3
9.5
2.1
6.2
286.8
12.6
2.8
7.1 Peak
303.1
14.6
3.5
7.4
59.9
310.8
138.8
320.3
14.6
3.9
7.1
40.1
467.5
57
338.6
12.8
6.2
357.8
9.7
3.8
5.1
378.2
6.5
3.5
399.7
3.7
3.3
3.2
422.5
1.9
3.7
2.9
446.5
0.8
18.6
11.1
471.9
0.3
31.9
18.3
498.7
0.1
15.6
8.9
527.1
0.2
0.1
557.1
Mean
100
Area
Width
315.6
Mean
Area
Width
Mean
OTS 60~90
111.3
Width
% in class
15
10
500
Diameter (nm)
OTS 60~90
Size(nm)
Intensity
Volume
Number
232.1
0 Peak
Area
236
240
244
0 Peak Analysis by volume
248.1
252.3
0.1
0.1
0.1 Peak
256.5
0.2
0.3
0.4
260.8
0.6
0.7
0.9
265.2
1.5
1.5
269.7
3.1
3.1
3.8
274.2
5.5
5.4
6.4 Peak
278.8
8.7
8.3
9.4
283.5
12
11.3
12.2
288.3
14.3
13.5
14
293.1
14.8
14.2
14
298
13.4
13.2
12.4
303.1
10.5
10.8
9.7
308.1
7.2
7.7
6.6
313.3
4.3
4.9
318.6
2.2
2.7
2.1
323.9
1.4
329.4
0.4
0.6
0.4
334.9
0.1
0.2
0.2
340.6
0.1
0.1
Mean
100
Area
1
Width
292.3
Mean
100
30.9
Width
293
32.4
2 Peak Analysis by number

Area
1
Mean
100
OTS 90~120
Width
291.2
32.4
% in class
15
10
200 220 240 260 280

320 360
Diameter (nm)
OTS 90~120
Size(nm)
Intensity
Volume
Number
24.4
0 Peak
Area
Mean
30.7
56.6
253
62.9
38.6
43.4
555.6
246.7
48.7
61.3
77.1
97.1
0 Peak
122.3
2.6
252
46.3
154
97.4
495.6
232.2
193.9
0.6
244.1
48.7
1.3
307.3
0.8
4.7
387
23.7
487.2
19.9
47.9
41
16.3
249.9
48.1
613.4
23.5
25
20.9
83.7
484.9
231
772.4
0.7
0.3
972.5
1224.4
1541.6
1941
2443.9
3077
3874.2
4878
Area
20.7 Peak
Mean
Area
OTS 0~30
Width
Width
Mean
Width
% in class
40
20
10
50 100
Diameter (nm) (x10^1)
OTS 0~30
500
Size(nm)
Intensity
Volume
Number
242
0.9
1.8 Peak
Area
304.7
8.8
25.9
26.8
383.6
91.2
49.1
48.2
483
24.1
608.2
765.7
0 Peak
964.1
1213.9
1528.4
0 Peak Analysis by number
1924.4
2422.9
0 Peak
3050.6
3841
4836.1
6089
7666.6
9652.8
12153.7
15302.4
19266.9
24258.5
30543.4
38456.5
48419.7
Mean
100
Area
1
376.7
Mean
100
Area
1
OTS 30~60
Width
Width
385.8
Mean
100
93.4
180
Width
383
181.5
% in class
100
50
10
50 100
OTS 30~60
500
Size(nm)
Intensity
Volume
Number
56
0.2
18.5 Peak
Area
Mean
68.4
0.7
0.5
40.5
74
24.1
83.6
0.4
0.3
25.3
82.2
563.2
479.8
102.1
0.1
3.4
16.7
1614.8
984.6
124.8
152.4
186.2
227.5
0.5
0.1
0.1 Peak
278
3.8
0.4
0.4
73
33
339.6
9.6
2.4
1.2
45.4
533.3
303.7
414.9
15.4
11
3.2
53.6
1218.9
596.8
506.8
18.6
16.8
619.2
16.8
11.2
756.4
11.3
6.2
924.1
5.6
12.3
0.4 Peak
1129
2.8
18.9
0.4
87.4
71.5
30.9
1379.3
10.9
0.2
11.6
493.5
247.6
1685
6.2
3.6
2058.5
4.2
3.6
2514.9
1.4
3072.4
3753.5
4585.5
5602
Area
Width
Mean
Width

0.4
Area
Mean
OTS 60~90
Width
% in class
20
10
10
50 100
500
OTS 60~90
Size(nm)
Intensity
Volume
Number
64
7.3
Peak
Area
Mean
Width
80.5
0.6
17.8
100
568.4
621.9
101.4
0.9
0.1
14.8
127.7
1.3
6.1
160.7
1.8
2.5
202.4
2.8
1.2
Peak
Area
Mean
Width
254.8
4.9
0.1
0.9
99.8
800.4
382.6
320.8
8.3
0.2
1.2
403.9
13.1
1.4
508.5
18.2
2.3
640.3
20.9
24.8
11.7
Peak
Area
Mean
Width
806.1
18.3
47.2
19.7
50.1
99.8
52.7
1015
8.9
23.7
9.8
49.9
739.9
405.8
1277.9
0.1
1608.9
2025.7
2550.5
3211.2
4043.1
5090.5
6409.2
8069.6
10160.1
12792.1
Peak Analysis by volume
Peak Analysis by number
OTS 90~120
% in class
20
10
10
50 100
500 1000
OTS 90~120
whetted
times
(degree)
Average
Space
100105
100~105
Five
144.80 142.47 147.20 150.34 150.09 137.59 139.23 139.21 146.14 150.65
147.772
Ten
146.25 151.49 149.60 148.53 143.32 147.28 150.90 149.11 146.88 148.30
148.166
Many
147.71 152.26 140.83 149.27 148.22 148.55 138.55 141.11 147.46 142.65
145.661
(a)
(b)
frame
(c)
frame
(d)
(mm)
frame
pixels
(a)(b)(c)
(d)frame
(a)
(b)
frame
(c)
frame
(d)
(mm)
frame
pixels
(a)(b)(c)
(d)frame
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
frame
(c)
frame
(d)
(mm)
frame
(c)
frame
(d)
(mm)
frame
pixels
(a)(b)(c)
(d)frame
Speed(rpm)
A(degree)
Average
space
100~105
100~105
1012
147.75
146.25
140.89
145.15
138.60
143.728
2944
151.15
144.56
146.97
152.39
145.39
148.092
4528
129.65
133.06
135.21
125.09
133.08
131.218
6068
131.90
125.35
132.34
130.69
131.59
130.374
Speed(rpm)
B(degree)
Average
space
120
120
1012
147.81
153.48
154.15
149.70
150.80
151.188
2944
145.04
153.25
153.42
151.20
------
150.7275
4528
147.75
148.33
149.05
145.70
149.03
147.972
6068
125.62
125.71
124.46
119.93
116.39
122.422

A (Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)
B (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)-1-trichlorosilane (FTS)
AFM --- 1012rpm
AFM --- 2944rpm
AFM --- 4528rpm
AFM --- 6068rpm
SEM
157.61159.79
159
161
158.5
160.5
158
160
157.5
159.5
157
159
156.5
158.5
0
0.5
1.5
400
1.5
300
200
0.5
100
-0.5
0.5
1.5
-100
0.5
1.5
200
400
600
800
157.61159.79(a)(b)
(c)(d)frame

藉由lotus Effect 之原理來探討超疏水性表面

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藉由lotus Effect 之原理來探討超疏水性表面

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O O

atomic force microscopeAFM

Si(OR)4 + H2O Si(OR)3(OH) + ROH

Si(OR)3(OH) + Si(OR)4 (OR)3Si-O-Si(OR)3 + ROH

() NH3(aq) dip coating

H.M. Shang, Y. Wang, S.J. Limmer,T.P. Chou, K. Takahashi,G.Z. Cao2005

Peak Analysis by intensity

5.2 Peak Analysis by number

0.1 Peak Analysis by volume

Peak Analysis by intensity

5.4 Peak Analysis by number

0.1 Peak Analysis by volume

Peak Analysis by intensity

0.1 Peak Analysis by volume

4.8 Peak Analysis by number

Peak Analysis by intensity

0 Peak Analysis by volume

2 Peak Analysis by number

200 220 240 260 280

Peak Analysis by intensity

0 Peak Analysis by volume

8.4 Peak Analysis by number

Peak Analysis by intensity

23.2 Peak Analysis by volume

0 Peak Analysis by number

Peak Analysis by intensity

0 Peak Analysis by volume

1.9 Peak Analysis by number

Peak Analysis by intensity

Peak Analysis by volume

Peak Analysis by number

AFM --- 1012rpm

AFM --- 2944rpm

AFM --- 4528rpm

AFM --- 6068rpm

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