You are on page 1of 194

 

 
2006-07
 




   

!"#$ %&' ()*

  +
   

(,

456
-783#$0 1 2# / -.

  +
   

:9
4 ........................................................................................... :9
5 ...................................................................................... $  
9 .............................................................................................. ;
19 ............................................................................. <=> ?@A
J
O
I
52 .................................................................... BCDE KML N  FGH &
87 ............................................................................................ P
91 ................................................................................. $-R Q
98 ..................................................................................... VSTU
140 ......................................................................................... TWX
177 ..................................................................................... *Y
184 ..............................................................   Z [(\- ]^Q

  +
   

$  
0  o p 8 0  4k l m n $ .  jC _ ^ ` %a 8 b ci  d e  f e  gh
 (\ - ]
      8 w x  y z{   |}  ~C  k T   . (  4q r st
 u v  "#$
 4 8 Q W   TT 0 4$jC_^  |}
4T  $ Q   
m5

Z Q  
%&-^^&  #    
0 4- T&
-78$0
        4q r  TWX ^ T       q    Q  4m 
4k %&T^ 0 TWXgC %^
gC4
   Q e 4mTT8%^

  4  TWX   ^  T 4-   -8:  

^        %&


    4k1600   TWX^T 
4
%&-  
 BC  4TQ     

   %&
  ^    Q 4   4
4T  $

-78%   ! 
T 4& ! Q 

N 


  .   
0        3X - ] . 

4 8 @% 
   4
(')
M
K
N
I'
 . , -4m*  
+$ , -    !^"  q#$ %&o
42 !< 
0 k1 /08  m
5

  +
   

(\- ] 0 47m8  -889k# 56o-  -34  0


@  : 6 o-
  T;   %  -  <    =  
 4q @ >  ?

47F!EX  $D( 4-  . A BC >

GH

N
U
T
^O  P |QRS J
I N ' CC K TZ LM 4q     ^T
    W     m 7m ^ Z   |[ \ ]  -x  4 7 V P W     XY m 7m
4(d e f@D 0 k#$Z ab \c` 47VG^_ 
i^ghj
Z4g8h^0 ( 0 4qrst
uvo%  $ VZ
(\- ]4 n
45  Dk! m  90 ^ l>   4!T W6 k   D
4k mrs tuCl4kp !qxFk GHo-f
g;
    4  w x 8 g;
 -    yz 0{ 
 l 4
 $ v ^      D
N
' '  
0 k|}~8(\- ]
4k -8-  g;
0 f
m   S**8-x 4  %&*^k-x uC
4(^8 -x6
4q

>
 -4   4 t# ^-`!>- ]4-80 >(
4  q  -   % !
 @ ! 8 -f 4  m    6 ( S   k l t     ^ T l 4k   (
 m^S4m
C   ^-
4Q
S 
4 : 8n  ^-

-   X 
4o % 80  g;4    
6

  +
   

   4          !    D     -


. 4  nE  L      t  B x  i T     X  -. ^ !    
 0  
 - 4  o4 m    / C
Tf4> 
-  \ 
4s  yE  0   


 m 
  ^'0 64-  % 8`!& m
4m
0 ^  -  #8T @ ~C-s-^
 *  !0 4 ^T8
 lm
4s ^-  -X    

8  * 4q   X        ^   ^        % 8  X
  % ( 4^,@L : T [0  ^
 @   4s!%  
  X L
4q    @- q


         - ^ S     8  Third Party Liability Insurance  D  
h 
L    
 (\- ]   4m
 kl
( 4m0 %8^`k!L   9

( DkL^ 8>0 
 ' >- ]4$!>  SD
4 m L8  h0 *4q

T 
^
  TD m
W4koC *4SD
 h
  ^ab  T   SD 4%    S   4q
4k % 

D40  % (

4^%s&x
%' 
4#$#! -.T4"m^
g&0  V"m `T4 *+ 
4().o4q *
7

  +
   

4qm"m C >-L,k"m*4s*


ol m!-.T4"m-.^   

 
4!m /$0<@-   ;o14h2"m 3< 
4k ;g4- ,0 ^l ;k4 *+
/$ m0  1417  8>56-
 ' 9!LPGD(
Z  ;l
4m8s9 >4s:  ;V  qm
^   
 4 ;  0 < = /  8      (  > ^  ? @X      
 ; 0 0BY( 1qh1o4   As Z 
4  ;   DE D     :  F     0  4t C    4  Z   
>G!0  m50^0  7^  k  ;: T [^ 
4 @TH
l m0 I 
4k xJ@4K
0 s"mrLM ( D
4>N O P -Q% -C
 9R kSTU 

  +
   

;
4  ;^mVoW kT   4mi8 ;X#YSD Z[
6 ; 4tC8BC ; \>] ^_`  4am
#
 C48BC ; 04ki1 hg1700efdc   21b|
56 ;
0 m7:98lmn%C  
2007 4q /08 ;  j k
4
N
4v1
  Ip' tuN tOq r m^ s4k^_  o   ;
 
rm 8 ; ab 4wgx 
 y z*{| }8-  @~ G Y
4Wsv  8z.
[ z

 0 1  T40[0ef^!  -  @~ G Y


 4kL$*
( ^98/0*^<  40 %&'T m
  ^ .   4m    R  q   
 #  m       V q .   ^   8
9

  +
   

4+$#TW.
g 8x   ( ^ 
b r   4 D( 4m  ^SD
N
t
uN
t
  Ip' O * 4k L m ^ (Tower Tombs) [  z    (  4   s v T s
 '  a
4r r!  

(Siq)'

N
t
uN
t
 4(  9ksr> Ip' O!'0 4m(Canyon)Z - ; 
CD!9kZ  c0 
      (

Lm0  9!EoW 


  4(Siq)' K Z *4
-  ^  k1200Z *4g ! S^4k
4Vhr
-  

- 
rk#*84-t! (Water Channel)k#8 @
8r--.$ m$!
10

  +
   

N
 ; #   
> @! 46B 8Ip' tuN tOr 

kg >8!9k#m-
4  *4swVW
N
t
uN
t
TX
k4m7m>k#-*
  Ip' O*0K4 % ^% 
4( * 4k  ^
0 g >
64m
r*4 @ o !%&' !-8r

N
      r  4 >  ^ C  r T ^  8      %      Ip' tuN tO

 q m       
     k *   4q  
  =    , k Z 
  4    ef  x   *      x   r ! %&'  4  l
 s  
4 t!u !  roW LkZ 
4k3#^  k m

m- !-

N
t
uN
t
'

 -.R8 !- 4 @m- 8Ip O!-8r!%&'
 ! ^4hm#)   @!- m(
   E

4hmg X8-s<ST
-
    -   k   (\  C   k L    o   0  C C 
0 - ^ Dc s T^f80 T  
v4kLf
4ka^ 
%&4 m0  # T*

N
O
(Treasury) %G8  Ip' tuN t

v -4 S*^4As _ h^ 


40^C
N
t
uN
t
'
 L D   4   ^     (Treasury)    Ip O ! m   h      4 ^
V-8hs>4C%G8 6o4kC 
4kl
  

11

!k6 ^70

N
 Ip' tuN tO

12

  +
   

  +
   


%s,k mrb >S 9k

!*Vg44u  0

  !g4-x 4 ?  0 4TL8 X


 !      r !   94m
0 r-4 # ##r#  **  4ksrg>&6
N
t
uN
t
'
4TY  860  Ip OSD4ks
 6 *k6 ^7
N
  Ip' tuN tO *   *  
   %G 0  4k    k m r       %G 8
8ab kgL   408 D( 4
%G0  64%G8
^  4  8    m   !   
 4k  #   l 4k H ^ u    % G
4  s%82e msS? rm!%&'
    0  4  %&  _  ; ^ >  
 4     >  
    T 4 5  
 C  [  >     4  5   m m  C
  (  mT67 % 4 (0 S4m
4s   h
u

N
t
uN
t
 Ip' O

N
N
O
t
t
u
u
N
N
t
t
 W4k 0{ Ip' S'*4ks Ip' OW %G8
4&C
 h{o.   4 !  T s4m 8 ?  
& 0[ 8  Dl4
  mk"m$
04 >   !x0{  S40 

4 5mC 
(Street of Facades)% S 

C-  0h4kTW


 !9%G  C %G8
N
t
uN
t
% S     0  4k L     Ip' O * 4 m  %#  ! " !  ! 
 -  0  4
*k#
 g4k ! 80 4m-%Gc4  0 4ks # (Street of Facades)
13

  +
   

4r > >cl


7 $ %   
N
 Ip' tuN tO

0{o

N
& 8(\ l48S8% 8    Ip' tuN tO! m y 
- 
14

  +
   

% 8r8|% ^&   


4'  ^ - T \
 |%  CC 0 4(% 80 qm )>oT4$
4*l S8+o my
,   |% *4#[

4qr!0-  S!%&' ./m 0s *
N
t
uN
t
'
2 # 8 
!&8&  456%  1[     Ip O
|% 
3v  .2M ^ 4The Flints Tones Bedoiun Accessories & MoremL
4-&8 


4s5  ;
 l4465 8U 7*4k5  ;  % S 
6   0 4r  r<85 4hmm ! 8  9:   ;
4q =  - ? qr!  > 94k?

N
t
uN
t
@8Ip' O

N
t
uN
t
F  o 4m    gE  
 D  AX   -   B @  8 Ip' O   1 v ^ C h
  @ 8   4s  C
   %G -  >H -I  m #       * % J    s
N
t
uN
t
'
www.nabataea.net BC  
   Ip O 4 K  ^    8   >H  T s
 
4q(L %&MV( 
  !9 @! 
 
 (\ k S * 4 ^
   8   RS  d  #Y o {|  NP' Q @ - O
N
t
uN
t
 ! W7XY[F 0 Ip' O47TXU!V  
-x 
 0 4m
- ]^    T @* W8Z[\> s M %X 48TXZ
4m]V^ %@_m7m^u  \ v\ (\
N
`X Ip' tuN tO Ta
 0 k QC `X  RS db#Y
N
t
uN
t
(Alexander the Great)  Y  m
&0 \Ip' O4s  `X y^ 4k
N
t
uN
t
 -R -e^ *=    4c d-^8Ip' O 4kLj W8Z#
15

  +
   

4ks #g 
%X 
% S 

N
As    n  Ip' tuN tO    & S   fX gh   !  7X  
   0
16

  +
   

 mn 0  4 j   C    $  Tk   T ^   9 8 As  l i     4


4kogh &S!s !^U  @
 
qmTr s tuvw x   OU- 8  rmpg w x y
 0
8xy dz{  RS d(|#Yklmo(Edomites) !w   T @4
N
t
uN
t
'
  ^    Ip O   ~ <   4 m ^ } 8   RS  d  #Y - 6 8 z 4 

' N ^_      %


r Wkp 
( D' MPT @    T
4* W8 ;
N
t
uN
t
^   (\cS*4% ^-Q 8   
  Ip' O
N
N
O
t
t
uN
uN
t
t
'
'

 *%  
 Ip 4* - 8%XIp O 0 ' 
 ; 4^8x !-     # T6 
 8 4k @-.
4 !%&'8  ab S*T
 b  RS d [ #Y m  8 RS d #YS*

*^ ^ ;4 m
   @-x CC  !
4m
 !=S*m
N
4 TX ! w 0  ^ 8 Ip' tuN tO V gC h  ef V -z - -   ^   -
g    - c 4 g
   %     o     RS  d  #Y  -x
N
N ' Ktu
 \    ^      0  4s     -x ^    g  
 T6  

N
4-  ^ 8Ip' tuN tO ! ;    < 4mi

     8 -  4q @
  (\ 
 v m - o V    ^   0

N
  4s]s # ^   6
vCS*4KIp' tuN tO
4q @
 
8(\   *(  g  8  Q 
N
t
uN
t
'
-  8   %  4       .
  0    K   ` ^ g   \  Ip O
  
  %   4 g4g ^ CC m%
   ( ^   0  g ^    +$!%0 ^  
17

  +
   

5 0 W W4q88    g \*  4#m


4

 $
-^ ^ 4Cm h!D gT!4T *&}5-.
!  ;`9m h
-  D! 4T   ^lD  ( (
 (   s F    ^ 0{   %        %   c  -  4  
%k

gC4m TqD m * 4L
4( 
  SDiW^4*k
5C $8m8%4 m# ^& `
 0
1    4qm  
(\4k *  4s
T&T  m^(%    
 4q&
  m C ,  h4hmm #  Ldhmm#
4qm#
 0mH>  2e  >hC 
g  *
  0    m ( T    s   gu  -  UL   .   &
 -
 s T  4   o 
4&
 4kjD4( * qS
4S  0W 0 8   @
"m
*% 4q*(\ 4   8  D  #
  q 8C(\ 8m T   ^ ?
    (\- ]

4mL2Y^ 
%* 4sT
8 j>\
k  .0 q ..   ;S4m ^ ;D 
4kl s>^
9

18

  +
   

<=> ?@A
s8l k'! p ! -  DE4 % D^ DEg4[ -(
  qm 800 4kH^[Vq.*4x
4kL 
  B
 gG -     * 4 Z    ^     D
 W DE 4  DE D
 
 m H * `
     4> &      m    q  D  m    4
%qD mc*94qz^ qmS 
4s^

DE
 s8 < *4ks #gs@^  k |1115C DE
^9D4k mr!-  4  n^ gC75   4
  4~8-k T @!-9Dk-#   V^0
48T%s
    n! 84v% (

$-Cs

Q
.    4sr-C -C   nM   8

 s T ^< 4rs~    0 T#$#B-s



 z -C -C
 9 #r  
4m
  mr^8!8- % 8  
8 @ cC h T c  4 m    s C  
  L      *   -
  8  4
Q
M
n 8 0 4h2L  H#   
@
19

  +
   

  
gChT cR4s w!\ 0 z4s 8z I
4  
DE

T^L 0[hk^( as0 T %8 


z0
  4q m VX   ^  8 > g      >   C s v   ! - D    j
\
s  4qj 
- .8E 8  I

 64q^*
-W4g - ^

-( z*  8-4 C888LXXXVIII   <
4Lm!

"
% T&G #Y 00 |6404- B$ #@8!'0   T s
.Y(
  )e *#Y4w 6     
% K8'e
+ Z*
 ,6  --8)e *. #Y
4r^  A
20

  +
   

4H.d^
 0gCh$4%18T! %/ 8 C o
 ( -28  4T s  8 4- 5C-t2Z<38
  5 0  4 TX !          T @ ^ 8 o  0[     4 i ^ L
  0    ^ %8 4  G 6 6
4 T ( 
  
u   n^

 n
 r:9889  @ 4q5 8- 
7 8  n

8W& )e %#Y n  % 4m:9x#
4a
:  4- ;W T @   4m 
<W  \
|1138
 
 0 4= 8QC T>C  ? 6 48F

4A-l  nB\ 8Q4-"   6@ Q


4 6 Q 6  %8
   8T @ !  C    6 o
f   -h
D-
  *4E-^!FG"*4kTXH !
% -%  <0 
L   4t #IC%J ^R8   
4 @^
 C    6 
|1177 4 m^ 6 w0 K'  LT6  
^ |1179 4-   5 ! M     4  x          0  4-t #  N8 
        
 |1185 4    O        T @  
  ? V |1191
N
       R   TD 8 6 .  
 |1187 4     %@  PQ6 -  ]c
Tm SVT  w x T @^
  4(^_ 
4
21

  +
   

g >>Ug >UT6  V % K89- 5 o  %/


 - W8>U4 mK'  8>U  
|11914(Richard the Lion Heart)
1  mX
A 7 >U m 4%8 
4=  >UZ7   !mX >U4X >UYC
     [ o     ! ( {|  9 m T\  ] ! '  ^
    >U
 |1192

|1193 -x 40 V  >U _\  0 4s g ( U 
  ^9 
0 T 7     %8 4%
: 
4af! 7   *R80 4a z `
8    L o AQ  6b  0  
+qe fg4[ 6c^  >U4[d
 Th@  ^- (i ^-* -j\A 8 : F*
(Grousse, Renee  4 
     m  lm   
 w  6 k 
   k
(1970). The Epic of the Crusades. Orion Press.)

  8n- T
(   ^? *R-8lm0
%L- 8%/8 *q %/8 47r   6 wop D
m] V   s  8 9 s t   uv    4%-Rw  uv w +
4x
8 y D [%&D   op
0 4
 sLi zW&
   4-[
6Sz!(   R- 8%/8
m| 0  } ~5L !-R s 4m T &{

48
-Ref  -[0 86Sz4 
4    ^ %   ?     *  0$ .      4      
 8)e #Y
T s^L? 8k80 
4T\: T [g%8 % 
  4m

| G) Tm >!%0 &. x   
4s !0 cx0  - 8x&<  4k
22

  +
   

C   s %0 4s r   % ET [
4-       %f^& 0  0 ^7   48

N ' K' KU
%D !kTX  *4mmE   
X0  456<E   v
E  4k*  
z 
 j + 58:   %8 4n  88x8T
4

-  9 
  4 m ? g   -W     W
 Q      4 h ^ DE D (    
-     q 7 ^   8 3 -x   q 7 9     q 7 ^  9
4q7m -V./ 4q7
%  * 6  
 4 `  6  4  8 DE     - 4k   ^ > 9 T   .
^ ^-
4k m &C!- 4   q#$#TH
4s l
 8V l*R80 4  r 
   
  t r 
 0 4  c 4m 
^v0 SCC &SST l4m 
4tc  2e CC T 8   ( 9
 4m$ ^0 4^> 
s T6
N
4tCh  *+D4- % 8) `  Tl4so DM' KU

 # @ 


l4-  -4!>9T ^ > ( SD4s:  C0
8s   -*s/ -.4k CJb14\>] 1D! 
18-
"m    $   s   -3#$41
23

  +
   

 
4s  -s  % k#& [!0   
4kb182e s  -. k^w  %
% _  4 # @x   4q  .
z 3#$
7
^@#$ 4
^@#$   m%X-.^
 # @ 4  z   B ^          ?  (Naturegraphy)  B  I
  % # @ ^ %     9 4        
 ^ @# $   
87 x   q& T# @% *4 T Tq 
4?^  .
0 4q

's'?@A
      #Y 
     T  v 4 _  '  ?@ A ^    @ L 

^4q
 'o   4Te  e
4s Z '0   mT4ms^
s 
$q
0 ^l'?@A4BhSD  S
j89kZC 
4myjk % l4LD
 -4k!m 
  4k        0    q m -  ! ' 0    (  4 m
   >  ?@ A
 ! 4hm%  ! km 48?@| 

8  k?@b ?@CF  4# ?@| 


9m
  8  %s T  F 8 b ci  d e  f e  gh   !  8 ?@ |   D 47m
-
40 ^L r8   '0 4Xt

?@A
  !(\ bci de fe gh4m

9Ai  
@ ?@A

   T @0 4  X   !m6  x


  s  %  x  T6  0    m ()  4 &      ^ 8 m6   ! w
24

  +
   

  8.bci de f r  80 4s X bci de fe gh
4k=8T6  
  %s   4  ! '    8      8 j   T    8  0    
 8. 8e  H! ' 0  j  s 4j   8 {|
K')e #Y4 m
  ?@K' 4)e #Y% K89
)e { )e ~#Y{|  \8bci de f4mm
 o4x)e  e #Y 0 4m
 o4kx
#Y{|  8  {|  \8bci d e fe gh 0 4mm^
4Ax)e %
A o
 v   %87  ~  4k mB\   ) e #Y
dr0 *o4m64- o4rw 
q
44^xn   o4#A* c0 
 T4 M     *  8^0 4 mT  
4& ^L #Y
A0 4
*`^0 8o4s A  s^% )e #Y
e 
4 ^d mT s
 M d K

 ' d8s Md8    A** e  H2
 8 Tq[  8  !h Tq[ h^
 2- 6 4+$#m7 
h8:66g d 4h ^ e !
 q# !A mT !8d+$ ^0 
 
   ^^
 % *4q 
A !M j     hY
4q# 
A   8x  q ^A

25

  +
   

'?@A

8?@

j  s 88 *S w     m  


A0
de fe gh0[s> 0 4L^g     8.8
26

  +
   

^    g*U 6 w0   s ! ' o8 5!Zbci 


4 
L
A0 < 2e  H  
 *!p@0
H  H     q m '   ^ @#  H a    | S  4   x sS
4' T s^

)e #Y
Lk4kr  
o4s
#qq T)e #Y
 48o  o  0 4
^8bci de fom^
 4S 
$#C s&o4- 8 & bci de f
 @ [om^0 4- C bci de f8 
4r G )e bci de f!p@0 4mmC
co e   ~G #Ys& %vbci de f
8- !oE  L4C bci de f 
$ Yd 4 
4 !! *
 mT'
 4- ^"e #$ %& - 68obci de f
   + ^ , s  8        8   ( ^  ) G    J * 8 *   4 m
^ # o  s    b ci  d e  f   2 e  4  i -. 7 / ^   J 0  4
#Y
?@A4s
( 0 Rh)e #Y
M< 4mJ0 - 6
4s&% 1m^- Wo4x   )e

)e d #Y


56
S 5C"e 34| / 8o o42 )e d #Y
4mlB
uv
%6898%788-, s^q 94q
  ;  8 88 8 o 4s r# )e  #Y:8%8 8  ^  9
27

  +
   

4<8T [x
4mbci de f <!p@0 4]^8o
-7%C$  \
 #Y ! p@ 0   o 48     s   T s 8 \        *  s&  o
#Y#Ybci de f
?@A4- -=8  7 >C o )e 
4ksrl#
os 4k)e #Y^ ? m)e %_
0  4 m  o f 4  x 8      ?        8   @   
] B 0 o - Abci de f<2e %68A
gC  o#T * D=  4) )e #Yo 0 4s
4s&F^E !9^8   4
 mXs&bci de f4G )e #Y
A0
 oB\ % 18o4 maIo^J< 4qmn! 
H
= o4k- 6^"e 34| T,8o)e G #Y^8v98gC
] m%o4a %K o4%W
@)e e #Y

4L M
|

)e  e #Y


0  T   n  X 8 o 4 ^
 N  o 4 ) e     e  #Y X   ?@ A
  o 4s& A   ]   o
 @      b ci  d e  f    a  s ^
4m'   -\68o g 4m
| O 5c (\ 
*
4t P  ko *O obci de f
 
 x7 8oS^ N 4x
 % )e e #Y
7  e bci de f<4q56S )e   G #Y

4qR~!s  %Q  %Q
S e ghs\^bci de f)e e ^m  ?@A
28

  +
   

 2 e   m   ! xi   e  s&  o 4&   4u 5  T  ^ o


  
VW    s^%e 4#UmT94q TT
   ^  8 Y ^ R8 % X      gG     0  *    4 m % 8  8 0
 h^ 8H d % 3m sT}0  W 4c m(Z8 ^% 3
4#g  n  p@0 8 [gG  4#8
Y
 m}a[^<&0  q0 8bci de fe gh
f4T}lm [
lT}
(  48
4&)e  e #Y\8% 3 Hi^]< bci de
o4^Bg o ^_$8o!9tmm! o
$m kL^s& osm
8o!p@0 4s&% 1 ^-`! 'e  #Yo
?@A
4_$8o{|

)e %#Y
4m 
 |592 o 4 a 8 2 .  8  q ) e   %   #Y X c  ?@ A
 %f  
boc  4 Td%
s  a eo
A h 4g B\^?@Aof !g 
4^r o
?@
:9 88(
@cChT c8  as^0 T %h8o
N lmMLN U
@ jk' Y @o
@4m!iv#o -  .r
 !F  !sn "87 *
)e #Y 7  4a^
qa pq 7*4- o8e  "8#Y-
4(rq^#Y
   2 e  4s       ^
   8 e     b ci  d e  f  <    ?@ A
#Y !u 0 -  8t 6 uu  
 8sgh-f
29

  +
   

4 8e o < 4 m^L 


bci de f   8Z4k-v #Y
 9 mw T&T  ?@A
%/8)e #YTy |6304k]Y 6 = 8gx  o
88Xo
D 
  )e G #Y %8bci de fe gh4Ty
4o C A R| ( z{4
o
k4=   o _\)e G #Y x8}
 0   T @4s !~ 6o!m0 T s%8o
6 0  8
4mL #Y8w0 4k6

  o  ) e   * #Y ! 0  4  8    8 %    k l m   *



^ ) e   * #Y  ) e    #Y  s  B     h@    p  0  4s   ^ - C
 o % 4X  W 0 as^0 T %
W  ) e     ) e   * #Y 48  8    L  ) e   * #Y   

4ks A)e T&G #Y^  !    gF8 kg


4T&G 

-f mx


8 *4 m
uk   T @*4@A 


86

C   ) e    #Y ! p@ 0  4 % 8   ^     c ^    4 


A A8 47 -   8C   C 
%68A0 4s = C0 )e T&G #Yx  4k
0 q  ^ ^%6  o 4B^ ^ 8  c'  s8
4!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk
#
. 
 < )e #Y4 m=T s#:  0
%

|642 86o4L-v o
8    84m
4To )e 4mp !%@8o8% 1
A kj *V -fo4

30

  +
   

N P Q
6- ]c 
?@ A 4q ! $  D (   % ^ T*
68  e   Hc
  4 ! TW 4 m8W ! >  D   m^'
4kLp !5c8-^
5@4 mL   n
  T  7  *8 DE
 4T
 S W4k!m^W  4

! 5@

o4 m  


T  6 ! 4q7 
4k# 0 p !-c4 ^* m 
18^  ?4LVX#
  
|1142*
N P Q
  ] T6    ( * 4k fX 6 -  ]c  a    !    4 #  8
4k  *4k (Knight)B#


srT  >  0 4s  W \^  n 0


^s ]c7^ T W6k TWX^: 4!X7X
31

  +
   

* m   ^  0  
 s  (   ]  8 ^ ] E 8 0     n  4 
T0 T48&S
0  9srT  -R]c 4
 .
4 Rg {  T0 4kLrH!] w
4^L   80 ]c4
|1187 n
4q > ^ h@*N    q!E  ]ch@

T<=>^
!  (  4 m  < => D (     As  Z   < => b  R ^ S T 
   l
BC >-<-4889:1 #-!-.4! m
4kC<=>-t-x 8^5c4!5cD
T4s e!E
<=>  T04m< !g&4 C
 ^   D ! 5c 0  8  4r   8  0   %   - l 
 4k L   
  0    * %  4k  V  8  `    ! < => ^ l 4 ! - 8   8 .
4k# 
 8 8$ 8.`

T s^!
-1100-80 ^4^W^[    0  <=>
' ^0 ! 4p 
 8 h T ^ * *  h T < 4
gCj 4kK T'*gCj gX (Geologists) % W&4m8
4       s    
 < =>4T^<=<=> 9 m#m *
4q
0 ^@TT 0
 4 8\ 8
  -{ -
  >G 9  4 D(
g T s[!  4^g [*R8
-{- 
s- ^s h 0  9q#m*
 0 
  >
L-
gVX *4s 
.^ 
32

J   +
   
Q
 .( 4m^ -{  -( 4^k' l' M' 
4 g-0 ^CSD t#g [!@T4 
%!%4!k <=>^PD( 4g  % D
yE     
$q  o  G   +c T      4&  ^ D  6 
D4Lg
  4Welcome to Jordan G s&x
%' 
4m
      s >       #m   c      6  ! %  . 
*gX .4q^   m
0 D^0 4
4:
T<=>^5c8

8
 <=>4kp  F 8p 
( 0  <=>Tmg#^!'9D
~       0  4  s    g+  ^ < =>
  q  9 * 4q p   8 
 (
 8  qx * 4 qx 8 w x          < => 4q  X   x      7
33

  +
   

4 8  ! 4qp *  qx47< ^

(Hebron)  (Beersheba)N

 ! m 
 g  W 0  4k p  W  (Beersheba)  N 
     C F 
%&' 0 kl ^pwC0 ! 
4 
\p W (Hebron)
4 ^gC 8*{| }8   4k' ^S: 8
#Y   e   W     * R 8 0  4   z  z
 @ 8   |}   W   

 ^Q &T
w N o 4ksr2%   RS d [
 ^I8 RS d [ #Y
\ 4ks&Kl f 
  o!
 8 o :   a T !  4 a ^ # [   
 \    j  ! l 4
0 4kz l"e TCR  d [ #Y{| 4 (Cave of Patriarchs)
'e   ~s,8(| #Y4mz  RS (|  [ #Y
4z  l^Q8 RS db#Y 4qz 
 
   0   4 0
   w x  *
   A 8 |1967        %&' *
 x   - ] qp 
w x ( %&'** R80 4!%&'
4k  .
w x {| 

 RS d [ #Y


 \p   %  o 4~ o[ 2e `%8 RS d [ #Y
 0 4ks g >
  
 8c8q  o4   W
4s &^ 
 m! ' gh e   mg#2e ! 
 Wp 
6T @v&%7^ \ RS d [ #Y{|  2e

N  h(dy o4 


  0  
 82e 
 
^% f  oT6  Qo 0 4T
TX2
$ 4
w T o! ^Q4 ( g&
^8om
34

  +
   

4T  o RS dS#Y

B\1-  [ 0 (  4 ^ k2e 


 <
^=  m=*^%G4q T S*
 %G(  
4}@8

X  U8k2e   [  



 (  < =>    s    m     RS  d S #Y
 \  < =>      s   o l
d [  %_  2 e  ! p@ 0  4& TX T    2 e   o  8   L ! '  
+s&^ RS

^ m  C*4  8(\ (g T ^Lmm9
T  4r&  -
4  V- W
L W^ 
@ h % 8  e d
\gE 0  4-
h13:15-17 ()d 4m

  n n#  m [    `  *   *   4      w x  y ^ %s   8 


+s& 6 m 88 2e 
4
 
  
      
    
   
    !
  " #$%& '( # ) * +" ,* - ./01* 2*0 3 
4m r&  W
0   
 T s&^T [ e  s .4
 #  560
h2:124R d 4_^T .s& $T^  -. \ [

8 2 e 
 - 8 [   < k ^ S     [     T  r  \
   2 e
 %a8  k >! 8Sh  2e  48- &
4D %&T s!L x7 8 buD
- 80 ^ 2e 
9   0 4  0 4 2e
%&- W   2e *4 [ H S gG 4(gG 
^ 8 [ g < 2e  L  s8%0 4^%f  e
4  s%0
35

  +
   

*4!vC^
|}  k*T  kH  2e T  |} 
  @ 8     !  z     -  ^K T       8 e  !  gh
RS d#Yg80 4s  x
 ^ 8-8gh . 4- 
 -
 v *4-   
 ^  xC  gh. -x 48 

 0  8    8 RS d [  S a W#Y-i ^K
4^

 0  2e 4s  [Tr 
 gh 4 C    gh   e  4k  m    
  V &    RS  d [  #Y
RS d [ #Y4( 
 
%8 & s  (
 
%8 &
4s& 
9Q 2e ^ 

  0   2 e    0  4   8   RS  d [  #Y  * 4  (d      2 e  (

%8- x 0 
  8d 82e  4s r  U8%f
 
%8%  t- #v
  8&#82e   45
4-
0   
        w x  y 6  8 [   
   v 4
       2 e  ^ *
 8 0 
w0 4- ^!w Vs ^% s  {| 
N lMN N ' K
  ()d     &  w x  y <   <  -@   -  @ -k'  "
87j tuvv! 
 x8 4L^*  UC w x y4h15:21
+  RS dghm 2e  sVq0 x8 4s( 

4s ! ( &   RS d v V^K
gh 
8 4s (\  8 RS d   RS d [ #Y
 V^
gCT8- &82e  4 m^ RS de

%88 (  e ! 8&#82e  4s 
>
@

  4-   L  O w x y b C{    f Ip' tNKM' P C[
m}9Q     !8  y w x yb6  8 [   
36

  +
   

4- 
 <   8
   -kc r   U8%f   -x 

@0 8 [  


 8 - ! C   D   m
 0 
 8 9Q C      ^ [
4 m"
%f

><=>
><=>D( 4m 8gDmT@%@8 [    m# w
 @
w x !9 0  i 4r!9v\ <=>*4$!
g; (\- ]-DT^7( x8g; w^(\- ]4
4mg&  m=1*Y %4$ 
x8

S
m)*+ 
w0 kLm 4m'(J 0h 
+^,%s*8 
D.4mmv*8  9
L (W^
9C[ 01!  s - .0 Dw/
h11:82 md 4kT 2 h 
 \ d^
 5 4m h Sd  T4'0  3 L[ hZ x
  ()d 4k L  W   , W   6 . ^x 0        !w C    0  T/
h19:27-28

 B m l RS dS4kT/ 5* D^L6


u D T  , f v  -x  S * 4     5  4k  ( 6  x V     * {|
<q 78T RS d S #Y4q 9 S : 0 S;  4 
   !
4=<-
68o#h@^o:0 4   :0 
 0! {| 4s( e !S x   ! [  sgh e
B B 4?8@A
0 {| 4s &  8>

w0 47^%@A
w0 {|  q8%G
 08w0
37

  +
   

8 0 ( {| %G87(Geological Layer) C  !  


40 D  %G8 4
http://wyattmuseum.com/cities-of-the-plain.htm
% 8  *    ! ' 0  4     E 0  8   L     0      
m *^ 0 4 ! E  [ (Established) Tn  0 4 [*-t
 #  5F ^ 0 4 8 8 [  !uD
 @-
8 : 0    T G    (Gays & Lesbians) ! u D ^
 (     s    S
4qT}:0 ( v^m 4 mx
H
0  I8 J K- L
%8 2e m*^0
4 8  8       \  8 2 e     ,  7        %
 1^ 
 B0  %M0N  -  @Y
  !p@0
+L
 T &-
 %-k2e 4 %P!EOPD%QR9F%*
   5   U *80     S TM
V x  
 qrW  8%   

< 4t W8X^0   

        r I S    '
 (   x   Z 7[   C Y 8     8
4^0  9   \ %*%eT
( ] (F
+m_T  
 T%e ^^uD 
`!  ^9* [ca
0  A^Z7[ Cb8g   Tc
4qmd%  [! 
  9   k sr   ^ 8 X     %e 9  %    (f   X  - g C  % T e

 - 3. h 8i . -8^.^ Tkj C k  3 l gm
4( UY  n
7- 80 ( T^ XmTX os C Q  T$p
X9Q g !r C  - 8 qG 3 l  k
C r #D ^8  o T4C%st uHD
 
xd4* gT  wv  -T !VD    
v#bH  
38

  +
   
h52z 2 y

T/ 5

%  -zCT


 W80 q {!
  @| :!uD 
39

  +
   

}- 0  qm 


& !  :! uD{|   4q
 *c4m mJ 
  ->  }*4m8~ 8op~
4+$g!uDD0 
 
u D   4m   
    ! 0  D 0    (  
          0   
       - * D   ^ %   v  s          
   !
  -> L4a 0 ^ 8%s qv0 ( C4
m^%G8!g !uD4=: V *
%[W& .4q77mCC *q % *mE-[
-*S*
48%^%  ^ 8%-C sz{
   < => D   8 - 
   h  4  8 (  *   - - ^ ' 0  S D
 0  k
 1 <=>47 SR ^~ 8 RS dS #Y  *4
41l m
  8^4m 8LkL ^r
 RS dS*s a*S
 0 4mrS  !C
T  -,8o4ks  E (  ^  2e   9 7   ^  -,8
*^0 47m:  
 r0   @
mE(  
 % -^g 8 8%8 - ^ |} m
4m ^ 
 ~&# mC  
HSh e 4

- 
!'0 4
%8- k ^l4
- D0h
( 6   x       < =>       C C    4k      ^ > < =>
D   9 k m     ! 0  4k  s  ^     T * 4k @ T 
 9  - 
4

40


www.panoramio.com* 
N N 

  +
   

'
D m^  >&4444$$444$% . 
 
 !-W4m 
-s6!4Vf <=>
4k8   8w x  *% 4

<=> mV  s 
ef 9k <=>4 08<=>
%#2     >G !    D  %&'     *    * 8    4k L   
4kLtZ ^. 9 @
41

  +
   

J
J
O
O
M
K
L
N
I
I
h 4aD DE   RS d#Y!m 0 ^lBC8DE KML N
J
O
I
[    FG BCDE KML N Vm(hD $h
4k1
m(
J
O
I
47mBC mL BCDE KML N D gX0 4qjPV% D 
4! % qD(

  s    - 
x p !9 v\   s - *4  - ( g <=>
(L T8  s k #
\! 9-t!>G  "m  D4( 6
 -4k@0 -
 mT s8T8ss k ! 
D. 4
!
4"msm% c "m4k* "m
4 >G0 
 * m 4U   s D^' l^ 

J
O
I
4 s ^'  BCDE KML N  h!s  
g 8 
6 mnhs>ef*
wk4^88 6
g  s
%    * 4  
  8 O' MP s * T ,      m *    qx 8 w x  
o-T9 < 42x7 8 RS d#Y* 4
-    o 4  ^ - I 8   RS  d  #Y W  ! 9   4 m a   m s
4T#Wo
(( < 4 <
   s *
 4
<=> nhef  s i^8O'MP
  s 
SC4!9   !9v\ 0 4* qx8w x
4g 5k ( T9*4 ma
sT9
 jh V qs   q> 6  w x ! @s    0    s
. c80 (  k c s *
&.4 mTr-[ 0 
4L<=> 8 ^s 4T
F^ D  E   ^
 4m ^  - ( D
42

  +
   

4hm$!*T  .4x8  8E


  @ l 4 k    %   $h 
 4 < =>  D (  4s
      
l 4  nE  L    *  ^ "m !    4 @ "m   C   T   .
#af  ,.4%4k hg 8dc   h$* % 
4- 
"m. WG8l% T  Dk x

<=>
4 E!<=>lS4ksr9 <=>
<=>p D(
o!8<=>a4(>
0  -{ %8
0
D    =  s    T    ! 0  
   9 k L m A 1  l 4q j st  
 8  L  k L m 0    4k   J     0  4    < =>
 G  ^ '  
4 C 
4m0 !E4qm
!EB
4m
 .   

<=>

43

  +
   

4    v
   ( (  r   0   4k L m ( h
  8  C
 0 g&     T 97m< s8   *4m0 sg&

*R8< -.4mLg *((S  @LS4
E.H8   T8H  0 4kLah_ @8
4q
 .Y - Hn m-.4m *q ! '0  mI
42 !B-.   m ^r   
q0 4*q*
4qjSo

0 m m(



0 4qj !s8^po


8( 2e !w x y
|70
  x
 '   sSh 2e
8 ( 4s    
 m ?     r   w x  y
     4 m g#
 %
F ^0 4 pq!   [C  
   4-  ^
  *8w x yV T @^0 4LT oks
4m 
l 
  b0 !E- !  x 
 ^|1200
k - W -  
   *R-80 4m
 8 C C %  ^  8 O    L 4   p  q !     -     
4^E^
! S* sr' 
 ^1- # O

 `rm!%0  O 
oVf - 4
8m 
?    k  TX I 8 (Zionism) 
 |1882    

 0  4 #   

47mgm
 Om


' N ] q


 -I8Vg   -

K(WZO)}

1 ^-gW4ksS gW>> I8


 W80 4kl
44

  +
   

4m f
 - O!E- ! 4
% 8- 8 O!>
^ ? 88*
!Xg   I 4- yz   #
0  
N NKN
4m  !w.T b0  q56MK' M    
9
4V' h- C d0 d[$8 
9cA
|1914

 0 Z884s C!E-H8
A0 4s C C 
A0  O
SC h $ 4kfX^|1517 ! (\  847 o q m20
kdW  (\  9 k    ^ m  % 8 G\

47
% ? \0 4nT\ 
d[ - w
-d[   (\  l   (   -d[   m R  8  4s  C     d[   -  
 T @ R%   {C d[  0 4g   T % g
0 4s!
 *4r -8r O
 >
+
Foreign Office,
November 2nd, 1917.
Dear Lord Rothschild,
I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the
following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted
to, and approved by, the Cabinet:
"His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home
for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this
object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and
religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political
status enjoyed by Jews in any other country".
I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist
Federation.
Yours sincerely
Arthur James Balfour (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Declaration%2C_1917 )
45

  +
   

T6     ! 0     s  (  Emirate of Transjordan  w   w x       T @


^  l  0  4 s    -d[  w 0  ^ - 8 .d  4 m TX ^ 8 e
   0  4 s   l  O
  
 SC   |1947   ^ |1917 4 8 d[ Z
4 @ &L  O  (\^
- ^G\  4!8
SCT- O
 ^ -d[      G\
 _\  |1939 ^ |1936 4 L m    m 0   G\
d -   8  4 m   TD   ^ ! p@ 0  4 i ^  d[   c A -x  4s  r #
w0 4 m

     O G\ w 


i w x 0 

 r G\45%   O55%w ^G\( - 8 O

4s + ^g0 G\4


A  \ (\- ]6  Q!p@0 4 m K w x |194814
g  0 77%   m>18qx8w x 
  A0 4s   !w x  s
4
8  0  % \U^(\w x 4


CL 8C 04T
(\x     
 A0

 -  - O   
 -  (\ 8 w x 
   9  m    w x  - O
   ^ 
4 mo
Q  < 4s Z -R x    P0  Q
|1956
w x 
 9o!VSTU !Qw x ^ 8  d[4h
     g   Q  0  4 m  0 8 TD   l
  4 m o  } .
 w
4hL ^
-7F  f!
Qw x v^0  T  ^    
Tw x #
|1967
4ow x !8  8TVSTU
 9s !6  

4!w x ^ 86
|1973% C  #   
% C
 |1978 4  o !    w x 
      m    ! ~ 
46

  +
   

8T4s  QVSTUw x  9[^  ]^w x 


>>
w x    
|1994 4s  :s*sn*
 9L0 w x 
pA  0  LCg Mw x C hshd6 4n?6  
48 
  8e (0 
|2006w x !4m
   0  

4*-A  w x 
%8  ? 4s  %M
N
N P

u
M
K

  PLOs (Palestine Libaration Organization)D' M '  DE t C  
|1974
 
    ^  '
   4*-gCT cT0 4s
4 6 ! %\xs
  
|1993f4- H8 PLO
4# 6 !&! x 
9 mT  
|1987

 w x     0  4 W    h    6    \ 6     %\ xs
 |1993
   s  \T0 4s & O* 
^8  *g 
47

  +
   

4k#!5k !E}  !8T 9


 
 0H
  0 4I8 !y*4If  PLO
 7 lm *4*-0H4L 8r:s   7^
t&

  W 0H4C!E 5 0H
  |2006
 ^Z8^- ]
|20074qAQ x     0HV(  
4"7m- 8]0   ]
!

   C 4 g^+#^  5  * 4q  C  (
*Z  x 48w^% & - ' <0    $
 b g+d0 c4*-k m)  ( w x
4 V0[h0, 80 0 qH8w x !E 0
 , -  C OW*4W ( 0 4<0k*

g  W0  8 W0 qp 
W0 %&'0  -4x0
 w x %&'8  * q        S 1@   . j4s 
4q 

%  ! A
%   /   !  m  8 3 . T  A 4   7     T  g  
47d

 4qj !%  0q!1 `%   A
 qH T2stS^
 4q @
(\
%8
4q!@ T
4( f1 
Av8 q#
 w x s5k S
%[8  
v V_\yE4t#IC- ^8 OS
47mE 8 4qmd%  [!
 T 4*^0 4qt3 ^ 2   [A
48

  +
   

9mg 6  %7



 86  %7  84q5
9
S !s   4qmTr   
8 .   # ^    0 4qmE :q 5;8^S* 9q
%@7[8 q>^<=8     :  5;4^<=
4m ?
    0     - *&x  i  V  *&x 4 7 7t 2 
      A
&x4m7-*&x
  \@1 m*&xC 
 0 4m*&x
0 4qm)s qt& B  tS. ^A
-x 4m!&x S.    B 
W8 *R8
4mj ^C8%&h %76 qvS 
  47D%80 7C 0 T i 8
   *4 !LY E   yz
    >c
8 qmF8Cq# E E  >XE%7E6    
4qsGH S * 7I%[
{     WE -,   o     k 4   ^ -V   u v 
 g& 
 K  TX   >   %LM
 4 m7 -J {
8:08E  sr! 7F 4q#8 [8(Terror)
g   [gC0 q5H^BS 
 47
4N ^
 4v
%  T @cC08  O@1 P
 Qg&6 ! m*T sv8 
@ -D
  v4s^x
 Z 6v8@4v gm F
  @ ^ @1 ,    4t #^ R  yE<  8
4m s  s 
49

  +
   

 ^
 488- ^ S  -d[@8 
g 7 -
 F     Q g& 6  !   -  L   < q   n gI 8 v   -    T 
.4^- T
qT
%   -  v4s 
4uT s^U   V^  sF~  

WG
/$ ^ < => G 4 # F %  `   G g4 - (  4 i ^ L S D   ( (
 W 8S8(L4j 
 4k$-( $ 4k!m 
4m hD
 -{ 4g  6  mb ##!   m 
GD
 |X m!!
4kL Yz *-*k4kLmB

  8m0      s^  
Z   4k 
      W  T  q     [t   S     S  L  4
4
  G    .4qI
%8 YTX    
^ 
4m\  88\ !g@  
4m!]  
4 ^g@  Y  0  m
^C >_ 4m%8mk
`8w .
4W- - G

(Downtown) W    G ` T m  ^  ? #4  .# G  T  
 m  ! ! 4k -   ~ 8    k H ^ 0L B   a  s   b  m   * 4

 c 8 W   `       T (  4   
 "m .   % 8 0
C  "m   <  S@-  T^@L$6 . v4dR
4- _
8As R80 
4mef g *%    *
8 _4k -# !"m 4gml 0{*
50

  +
   

 ,  q <=>v D s 


 h<=> !_ 8  - DZ[
4mT gc ^  ^S "m4m0&1T !P 
 I j l  D     G 8 (  i !  l  
     # S D
5- 4>s 0 o^  
4 k
l# 
#*0 4 8-L-* m-8m  4
4 m0 ne
4Uj-$ , kT
8NSD0 k -f 
  c 4

51

J
O
M
K
L
N
I
BCDE  FGH &

  +
   

^kLT$*g  r^0 ( D #o  4D Z


  W> "m         " ;  < 5
 G 4 5 #  - Tp s q # 
rZ 8W 48    S kZ4k0
4
      0  h 4 m  0       T s   ! l  k 
    
  (t  kT !0{ 8. 8 4mX10{gs.
  (   ~ 8    T     s      0     4k    L
4kLmTT !
!Lk P^G( SD4kl Z  H &
^ "m
e      zX uvwG  T&G #Y   G47 L
%a8  ^ChDm T s4 8D!8
4hx ^

)e T&G #Y


 
e ^  o4q )e T&G #Y
o4a  y  - WA  
* q^
S o4
  %  8 b ci  d e  f e  gh
   z 8 ) e   G  #Y 4 m
 S  5C  
<  4&%78T{]T  8%7 8 q w9 4 g
 
4s ( 0s T s^ ^ b ^  obci de f
 o4s !o0  kL^89ks    oo
A
C bci de f 0 4^  K'0 f |^s o
4

52

  +
   

o4A} x  8 6 o)e G #Y 4 [ 4  y  o


T} x  ~o6)e %#Y4  

e #Y
o sr} x   8T o)e *#Y4s
4X^  %& h g %8)
o  64#$#A   0 ^n8o)e *#Y
o     T ! ) e *#Y4d
 w      < 4 mL
C   o
  - 4%
 df *#
0   
4my-  j
www.travbuddy.com*)e T&G j

53

  +
   

)e G#Y
k H 8 o  o b ci  d e  f e  gh 4q 56
 S  5C  N  ) e   G   #Y
 8o
8  4s    ^ go4* L
7 m

 ! g -      ~   8  C  o 4q Tk 6 k  [}       T 

o! p@0 4A-  ^o  ^  L8ob ci de fe gh4


4L ^o CC
% K 8 u       
   6
     ' e   *  G  ) e    #Y
o T A} xo %8)e T&G #Y
 d4
4%
< 

)e vw#Y
  w   o 4m 
 8 %7 o 4q ^
 H   ) e   v  w #Y
   !o'e T&G  #Y4%W^ n  L
 6  o  ) e   * #Y 4 L    o
  8 6      4 7 h  o % K 8 m D
^ %   #  G     T&G 
 9  %
   d <    o 4 A  -
4m

)e zX u#Y


^obci de f4q{ 'e zX azX u#Y
o4 oh- 38   2 ] o
%/864
4m
<  d%8o4Al#)e T&G #Y


)e   #Y


  % h 4 g  l#   #Y o 4q ^
 S        -f ) e        #Y
8 
 G h )e #Y ^R< 4 a  ^ -   #Y @o

54

  +
   

J N
 T   v
tPQ '- ! 
A k*- W4 T^%h

4 ^K'o W   T ^o  4y  f


L    ) e       4   ^ { 
   " e   c T 8 
o  { 4kL      ! 60 c!9m
4m
d< %8)e  4-
 T
dm  )e z*#Y% K8  % 18#
8o4Qo
4g+^wT d0 -)e *#Y4k?

4B
( Qe |2 
%a


 
4 #^/ -. 9 i^G( SD
  #^   --.-x 4kl   qmm ^T

 ` -4   #8  k
`8s t.
4
AW s t ihD[4kLMg!9ss t 
45p@ `^  
  ^  8     >L <     4s  > 
' N ' \   C      D v ^
  g 
    v\ (    4q m         
  -   * T
  8        9 q     m g  * L  m (L  ^
 
 % < 4m(
T #^  4q
% 8 g  &4m(% 80   g   ^ p
4 iq 



*  &   0x 4s  yz g   0      !  0x  -
  
' N ' \   *&   /
   4    X   [ !    x 4      0[  T   * 4k  
55

  +
   

m* $qC 
Q  ok*g h m
 m
8 4s r  TQ  - % 8Q    mL ^G

e dg% -T +$c % W 
gW`**C{R
4  \. 
 % 0 2
 n 8L  ^T c4IAn -^8 
 *8n 4s #  0 4 @@yE 8Ek 8
4-8 
0 8 w L
k*
 4Cg>&    
  [
g 7 -
* {| 0 4qj # Top-Down Approach D^ 48^! n 8
   m     * 4m k     - !    r   8      8 P
4n 8! d 
gh 3  # @4M--  @~ G Y gh 3  G # @
[I0
TX  
    C C    7s   -  @  q  ! ~ 7s  T s   8
4 
  :0  K !n 84k >r

  0  8 gC  C 4r     S    ^  ?     <
mTX 
8Z8  mM 4mT s<0
4
 <0
!< 4qsST s%   0 

 Z k  g>& >o4m=?^-. 
4 @
%8{d T ( % 89
T 4m-T @1    
0[g>& >o9
<0  
 gX . 4 m   5 >    *  
 8
 SC

 8 3#$  
 *q       4+$  ^     |      8 8 
4B^p
Y0 # @ 4 : Bottom Up Approachg>& x   
56

  +
   


_\4     ~  8-  @
4q TX 
   H T    6 8   4 
  -  i ^ q 8 
4Q  ^  
 Q  m
 
 ^l  4R    ^W% 8
7 8  4q 56
 ! -- :  ^ @  uv
 Bf q56T
0 4mR8# ?
 
^ 8E4qb    fg80 
4q   ,
4m_^ -5  
 `**g>&0 4    <
 T g>&o 0
!  84+$#TX^  0  2e S +$#n 8
^0    !
  H  ? 4m  ^
  0 m
4q56  sF^CC | 
   4qn 8

$(% -
 sS%   EAn -!  %/ 8     f -
  f   -
  0  {|   # -. 4q   m   ^        
4jn 8DY qT
 IAn
8 <           T   L *  - W 
 %  8   RS     |}  
gh^
 
WD%0 4% 88e 

4k% 
8 =
8 f   4^- W0   % 8If -
- & s  % _. *W 4 G8 T ' ^Z * %[
m im M  C  C Z     qmgG
4
  :[   (         g  Y   D 0{  B f   D 
57

  +
   

  c 4q?F^p *


0 T.
0  q O%0 T $+$#m m!%0 S 

 * 4!g4 iojn*oq0 oY* $


477 %8     8 0 58 kH
c F8%s Q (Sociology)% * (Psychology)%[    8
 .
N lM KNQ
  0  8%0   k' ' ;
 -4-
   Tm ^@0 ( 94qTX T Ch
4qjT ^  M   ^
http://www.ijtihad.org/IslamicSocialSciences.htm
http://www.theglobalist.com/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=3255
2>7 8  ST h* ^L I     
  % L   T S ^ D    &4L

!h% 3zT gXB


%s %6z8g% 8Ts
47m

8 8Y h ms 

T! q    ^xq UD  %K L  -
  8 T  
  ,4 
%x   s 
8 Dhq^x 
  cDV4q^ -x 
%K  c R
~8x  
  c`q#$#!BC >D 4hq$!
-
4m#
0 D!b1' 9 "   83  & 1 93 :; < =1> 30 !1 ?   > s^!
     g 4 s rC 
47m%818SCscz.D  7m%8^D
%s_^ 
4a:%`sst
4@%s ^8 0 

58

  +
   

- -
0 ^ 
4- - 
( TZ ^.Dm*%J 
 
  -  -   m  *   5 ' T F   !  BY  T 4 0 BY     *  
47mg  8 Ys g ~ 

0 
(\- ]40BY

WH &
LD( 4m  #8 - / bmg . g 
' N ' \
4tC8WD :  #H &# -4m !
  S         <  i    i 4s g& ,     m    W H &
 s< 8 W H &4    `S ?^ 4% !
(\    * 4  V aU p 
 c     aU @ ^       D 4 m   
<   aU 4m -+S w0 kLm   4kC
4 8(  

T  
  ( {| 0 qm%&^% _-  C
8 ( 47b ( !  Y  %&' L     0 4q [^
 B= 8(  q    
 - T  *%  J 
qT s^%# 9(  q-
 !!%&'
4!s  B= 80 7b*
 -.^%T aU
^ 4kaU
cC  <  
 0  4   < 5  C  $ m *  X   o  q   aU
   
 4k W> r         
 * 8 U 4 &  C  /   
 !
H & S(   @s 
 aU^
4k
[k Cs Z ` 4q

59

  +
   

 @
*     4m  i      6  c  . ^   4 ; .  (\ T L    H &
4 ^ 8  ! 6   v^8 4qj  So
6< s
s  ^  8     
  0  4s      @
 w  H &  S 
4m?^E s @*4r !
8       56  8    !    S&
  @
 
  ! 
8 @  0 4k* 4r^
 
E 4t ^l4m
ST64slT
   0    @ l      (\     4 m  TH      1[
4  

 *4k 0{
  ks*
0 4lD 84s[ Sl
            w *  4     ^ 
 w    
 - C
m% 38  - - n HV
    4 [^((-
LmVq-
 0  !9i  *8- 48 8
D9 as  F %   4qT s
 '  aU

4+$ [-` 0 8- 4 C  HV

8(
 4p  G8( -    4- 88( 
0

-  @p 
 ;*{| %G8  G # @4
 N W 8-

4
c k2e R 4
N *
 8

60

  +
   

 @

61

  +
   

^\
    T ^ 8 RS d#Y(
T
 WD     4c      Z  :
gC 3004s N- 0  *2e  *8 !  4kC  ) 4k
62

  +
   

 *3 T4Lm^82 e    -    8   h S*V


4=D   WC   4qhl s  D6
 !gCh.  W*4klgT 
 g T6 
gCh.l m
 S*4 S  E   0{u
m-! %fL  
 0 %*^%s sx4q @ v
4 m g  q   (  4 m -  8 e   S   ^    0  4k m    %f |  
8 S   2 e   s ! % 0   b ci  d e  f e  gh 4-  r T % 3  ! '     S
4&!S  rT% 3
( T6 8   L () 2e  B *
Th
%  8\* F^!%@g 2e 4
  8
4+$R !
:!9? 8  4k#   ! 

 !    I 8    4k m     !          4k    ^
4

^8 
 T0  
   `4m)F( c   0.4!>DiW^
N

' KL

$h
4%G<-8    !>4 8N 
W4#
 "l4m! 
 -. ^I
   m 


48l

4%& ^$!S kL 8E#

4kv

8 ^x 4T6 8x  B ^ 

4(>
ah-TB !?^^( 
4T6
x
%' 
$$! &
 -.   !.

   )      gs h   ^  s L ^  B  -.  ( 3  ^  k   ' 4s&
4W^
63

    *+ 


4 * c   +BC

  +
   

T
 4
`87T m / -. 
-
  ,   C  l 4 f  ^  X   W
   m 
     7
 
 \ 
 4 m  ne   ! - 4k   8    ,       ,  * 4k @
^  m 
4#c  #s ( 
    T.8 , ^
4q8 hs d T  q   . s T  4R8  
^     f  
 4a   B ^ 
 m 0    ! m %X ^   
4 tCh /0

FG  RS d<@#Y


R80 45  ^% *p !m ^H &4FGg4[ -(
 @
  0 *4 m!0 %8  RS d<@#Y {|  B  *
4k
% K8 RS d1@#Yw x y:k

 V   ^ 2PN      L 4 sG  V'  3  ! 5c 8 DmL Q !   v T ^   (@ 1@ 
N
NN
I
V7^- 83W 6 T OV hTd " K5    Ck4 C
3
T9T* +^  4hs   w x  6T @bds  C
s  p@ ^9 W0 
4 -^ 
k k^(| 8 L[
4hm 
0 0 h <=>   s d
8V'  : 
 (@ ^   0    4 %
(@ L  1@      {|     
8  0[120 % 1@48 .V   z 
- 
h34:1-8F ()d4m%b8  m2;

 c4h-8  2e w x yk\^%0 T*0 {|  


 <  c8 0 k  
    U8^K2e (d
0   8 4s ^8
 0  c C [8  s 
8- x

  T < 4q  8 RS d [ #YT*8gG  < 


 C   y 6 -x  8 [   
 &  b ci  d e  f  <  T  4q m  T
8bci de fe gh8gG  ^DT*T 8G 8  4
64

  +
   

4qmT  *^R< 4^88^


FG

w x y- 

hD  S84k m# nj


-  \#9j v^
65

  +
   

4s ' <@=0h 4m gL. 


8(\- ] 
  4m 
d1@#Yw x y4rm( * V> D4
- > ^l
4#8o4%q BG!FGov^% 4kK
- < C  RS
4 81@WmL
 ks&bci de fe gh
T6 k mr  !5cS4V-84!FGD0hC
N
N ' KMKN U
l SD4 ^?@  @ l04ksr
 s8 RS d1@#Y
  h           !   RS      <@   0        2 e
4m
ET
^  - B@#8w x y %a8 RS d1@#YlLT$g
4mf@V

J
O
I
BCDE KML N

`^ * 


 T D( 4k  Bh^FG
 -4  RS d1@#Y!FG0 0    s C47
J
J
O
I
-s` 4g  C    BCDE KML N !4BCDKML NOD

# !24V%&'00 '8BC46o 


4 m^
AoT4 0 ^ 
 A8^ 
4B
T SD4W^  
 4qTo
4q
    D   ^  4sC  /  -.   0  4k m  
  8  ^  V  D .
 6  T T6-Q-LS 5{   mE 
 D. 4q
 m S
N

 8 %& 8 m  H 4  C  9 -. H
N " 
t G  h ^   
N     F
  ^ "# +   7m   I\   S   4q m g  \  # *
 m     \
4qeI\C # WVK ^ gu  VJ 
   L  ^   2 e  4 % z  *         -.   ^   *  L
66

  +
   

 
 
4m. 
D$  4qX 
    8 s
4qN  W ${   sM os  o
.
^  ^   m * = ^  0  4     
 W     .    i   T * 
4m%X-.
4 @LS^  T4B ! O
 8  P SD  f 6
- 4k-qxw x      *4-t C 8BC  `  '0  Q
     D (  4s  g     g 3# %  ^  C > '  6     %     
  ^  4q r 
 s   . D  k L m 0    4 r m 
  g-    w x
 m* L>
w x  6
 k

!w0   s 
&.
4

!- 80 (

 4g  ^-  aUp L ^'4BC  -


  ! iL  ,     3 <    %R       4k  ( 6  k x  
J
O
vT4k#!BCDEIKML N `  C!9kZ S  %R 4q %R-
w
  cC   s>  C    4  C  g >     -       ^ T   S
4
J
O
aUBY q r DEIKML N   S*4.^  -
J
O
I
0 4m S  4mU$V DE KML N 

4C.o4h
J
O
I
BCDE KML N  -4m! -W   mTX^S D( 4hT%&' 
%
J
O
I
DE KML N  RS d (Jesus Christ) #Y RS d (John the Baptist) Y#Yk'T4
4ks
4ksr
 s8 RS d#Yk @?  mr-- s!'0
J
O
BC0  4k
 ' DEIKML N 4r k!  @
0
 Y6*47!'0 (Stream)6 8^  s 
 0 {| :k mr 
J
O
I
4ks DE KML N  RS d#Y< 4a^# (John the Baptist Spring)
67

J
O
I
Z  'DE KML N

J
O
'DEIKML N

68

  +
   

  +
   

 s8aU

aUi>

69

  +
   

hCd  s

J
O
I
kX8r DE KML N

70

J
O
I
DE KML N

  +
   

J
O
P
 0   8 O' M  BC  8 DEIKML N     RS  d  #Y    
  ^  ^  

9 4q%. m'  BC0 4q @%s ? 4


J
O
I

(0  s  RS d#Yc4ks #Yv^DE KML N B*

   %s 8 ' 0     q     ^    x  4h m   <     s


BC  8 ' 0 
  
 %6 8 0 4q   l C   ^   q 
  lT go
|2000s* 4Z ! www.baptismsite.com
J
O
I
4s  ' DE KML N   RS d'0 

[Q_&   T go


 4q  8 4 (\8C]go
  * C  8   48TX ~ 8[Q    8 
8 - I 8   C   x   m  % i   L   4L `! ^  _ Q

 Q V^8 x z8  4  aQ
71

  +
   

4m^[
Q  C  g 
%<  HT 8%0 @-8
^gCh 4qg80 b c T  %{ -x4sC
g&
s   C  L  8 x   %! -      C    D   0   m  d  L
4
4    ^ % - C   H   { !  e      f ! -  g  0
Qm  g 0 4!E  hp  C  H
g S!
(s Ti^82e *48 ^
4  j^-VT s^
o  {|  T   H q

 0 4   ^82e  RS  |}   
4Lmp n 
 9^mI8% l k^ %K  k
T s~8%  8 o
  @^J8 O CJ D
4
%p    \ m -  8 2 e h  S     g+d  S  H    m  

J
s
^  zt        \ m -  8 2 e    8  8     % q   %N Mr Q
-{| 0 sr^() `4a^CVi
 |L4m* # [Q
 < 4+$m^d C  
x 
0  m^  r TIY[ 0  2e S
4m h uo 
!^9788

  8 [   4  8   RS  d [  #Y  o         - O
r W 9 %K ko 4T s^%  8 9 %K ko
 T  0  4   8  v D
 S  &   -  
   9  a   [ Q
  %K  k o C   
   a    C    8     s ^  [
4 @ -8 9
72

  +
   

C C      -7 8 c      D Q  D  ^       a 0


   x  ` C C  -7 8 c    L  4m 7    ^ g     s  x
h0  w >7c  DQ L T+$% ^S  &
4qr1v
0  4s

aUi>

J
 x8y j  9 kC  aU T   -4BhSD   ^BCDEL KNQ
  w] o4aU wi>*s ^ ! { .4kLz
 oW 

' b >9-  -8aU
m
 aU w}!4q7 MK|
4
*L  8 xL! W8  m*^0
8  Q    (\  4Z 
  [  
  !  W      L   4 @
   0    ^  [  - 8  c
 o    4     % 0 
 TH
488L! W  LS*%   
Gk r % 38  {| 4?F
0 
!%&' 4+$- - n % 3
0 W +$#m' 
4 *01@ & 2AB  +" #" B 0 .& 1 9 ;3 " <3 C + 50   ? D   # -"  E3 C    48^8~^% 3
T d 4m g    8      ^ s 8 #  0 
  8 e    m      s ^  0
h2:114
S!    ^ 
-vjbci de fe ghR
 4` S)e *#Y S m(4- % 8Ct

>* SstS
s&)e *#Y4s T S
o
 8 o^R< 48 S   l o !70 ! W 0 
4asT -  - 8  g  ^0 48 S0
` l# -  4
|2004 aU0 4% %G8aU @l
73

  +
   

j& _  X  l#   e- 4m 


aU
4%80 
  ^ 
4

8 |}
8 aU 4 y    -   k m  >    4k m r  -   gL 4k aU C   *
  ? `%8o48 RS d#YT s^
8<!
  4 C  " e    TY T   o
 9  8   o   4k  s 
   
J
O
#Y 4 @l8 8o4ks DEIKML N o
  48
8     ? T   4 -  sH o
 48 RS dY
4 @l
J
O
p !BCDEIKML N    s k m#
-Sd b. \!9k l
-.456-t s8 .
%   4^e | %    m[^
-t0 ^m1 4 !Ez-t* 
0 kE -t /
 ^
 !  0 4k mr2!9my(  
 -28aU4
4 !E !  
0 48 RS dw %_
8       * G 4 L @
   ?   r     8    e  ^  
   %X         0    *    k 4 r    TX s 8     %
 0 ^ R <   b ci  d e  f e  gh 47 -    ! 8  Y[ F  % 8 
f 
  48%L   < 4s&F^r
48%18r8o.! W80   mB^pbci de
4k   !   8 !       ^    b ci  d e  f    
     
X C!%&' GG! E&^ r 
  04q 
)8sTC    ^
 4*
4q^9c  q%s8 v^ ZC %F

74

  +
   

  s
0 4kLmB0  9kT  s 48  s i^aUD(
 , C4kLm0 %1 s   P4 0  c8s !'
4s L 8  s L  40T   s 0
W ^ 34!m %C^l #(Jeriho) 3#W^
 RS d<@#Y 4 ^gC9000W*T W&4s0 L
4
   s ^0 '< 
% K8 RS d#Yw x y %8
  
 w   -x   s     s   !  As  . 4k    3 v ^
4 8  q %s8'0 
 %87   
g .4!m  26 ^'0 #( # m!!
 k L T$ * g  .   m [  -  D :   i   # -  m   0  ^ .  j 4m
 W (.^L m 
 s mTWB
      4 1   ~   Not valid for Israel  m  !  . 4k 
6  0  4   -      m VX 0  5k  
 SC T ,     4+$ 
4U%s8. jDm

J
O
J8DEIKML N

J
O
,k F  4g
Ct 
\- 4-J8DEIKML N  9 s
4qt !p@ #)#
)-S@sqtg % _%

\0 4r5^ #c # #g # \ #e #4g #e #-  # #
  m0 %  4 #>#  -  # #     
n
%f  ` ( b   0 F
 0;    G ?
 H I 1 @ J0 & G  ?
 H .!,0 &  $=  * 

4t!p@0   k T 0 4Xt ^(  `  &



9T  @ 
  T4
 0 ^^ 
4L^
75

  +
   


gX. 4Umc
  x   0 4q | 
4as aQ   r o 0  L
J
O
I

 9 k   C   DE KML N    4s      k z  ^    -   
 4m 
  *( {|   4T > ! 0 4k   s
   0    m  ! %   W k s&  o
 9  s q T 8 b ci  d e  f e  gh
- ! %s      0  g&        +  ^ R 0 4q y  r < s  - O ^
4m
88 *
D.  g&     4 m 
 ) 

 sgX*
D.!m 4i
 'L  
D. w9
y  
D k  q8= <   & L  
    | 0  4 |   L     ? 
    <  4    .    q
0 . - (Weightage) L  58 - W-*N
4s m 

-f < 4i sw  k2e  m
 |0
  f    |}  o4s   bci de fe gh
4uo ^ 
9-
%  &^E?
 0 4aiCTmE.
gi D  H7  .
4rP -*g  8-*  D   

-*g   -*


  *
4s 
 @-x L   s
s@ 04q#$r &`q

!*    @-x 

4q#$r  -q*   s 4



*  W94: *m88s   ^
* 4
76

!*g   L  -x < 

!*g   8 

  +
   

  8     R  4 7m w  A 8   ! s   q m 4 T s   q m


  
47T(  8*g  
0  7m0 mC %T s
. TX# *4C  .-*g   -*
#&x ^ 7- *^* 4asr8   & 
8 
    8 0    0  T   #r   x  ^  4t #   )   ^    0  T
^  4t    !   %  ^    0  T   # % !  x  ^  4m   F 

8*  4t#m [  s   -, ^  0  T #w x
47m8Do or die-
` -  4s iTx   s**g  Y[ 0
  % 4+$#^x ` ^ 4+$# - 8x
L  47m8 #  #-8*g  4+$%8x 
      4 % 8 m  s       *  u    C  ^

4qy F8-*g 
   m  0{ gs     4g
%I  ^%S T0
       * 4 5     0{  0 
 9    % 8    4  I 0{  .
-[% 
0 ( 478- !47^-
-0{S*   W 8%&h0!'0* 0 4
4^ !0    *%8%4
(John the Baptist) RS dY#Y

J
O
I
   0  (o4m^ RS dY#YJ8r DE KML N !  s {| %s 
   X   8    w x  y   %  8 o 4  s  %  8   e 
 w  
N
T' MK  2  %    o4 %  8 r   7    8   RS  d  #Y gh -f
4p 
 f- *4 @D0 k'*4sr(Bethany)
B^l 80{ S  o4 F  T C RS dY#Y
77

  +
   

+
  o4g    
TS UB . L.R
  0 M  )  -  +  0P* 0L1* . L.> $ < 9 I 9Q  !"    !  H  . L.MN
 - )3 K
" 30 O"  . $= I' P> * F
 ) 30 ;3 @" 2.K
  
h19:12-15d L.H V
A M " T P  (
" P"#  T P   " T P  + .  
n k -^  4k ^

% qG^ D4Sk^w () Y


N
%m T 0 ! m4&#  T40i   k' l!T48
4h T m

J
J
O
O
M
K
L
N
I
I
9k   DE *4DE KML N l 0  RS dY#YS!^   
) *C 0  482e  H^m} S*  
-  w 0  4 %  8 %K   y  %  8 o   m  ^  4 F  8 L 
4ks   RS dY#Y!&8}h80 H\ 0 
 x9 RS dY#Y
  c 4' k2e -8o
4m^   ( x< 88gm 

J
O
I
DE KML N  RS d#Y

J
O
I
DE KML N    o 4m ^   RS  d Y #Y %X 8   RS  d  #Y ! ' <  {|  
J
O
I
< 4s DE KML N  !    #Y kT}  os&F ^0 Y#Y 48&8

4 mA!o mg# RS dw !p@


     o    o   8  8     RS  d  #Y     m  ^ 
o   U8 o0 4+$#& s&o4  ^qD
4TT<  s&o   *o
 TT
8 o 4k Ti x    o D 0   L[ -f 8 e    w x  y c   RS  d  #Y
T 8o O{| #  4p 
( (m
 oY
4- 
 8&
  >o89k !
T6 4EQo"e TY ^ 9kg  oT6 
 x    s ^* 4p  8O' MP*L
T#  
78

  +
   

0  8 w  O'MP    RS  d     8 - 8   RS  d Y #Y 4   $


4


 % 8o4p !9 O'MP*L
W# (Capernahum)o

o4m
S 5C  o    !o e  (|0s 0 $
^ e  z
m% 3o4s 
W $ x7  
W  m(s[mT k^ 8o{| B 4y 
4m:X 2;

  r@8!^   e ok*
   mn% i  RS d#Y
4q
) qT*So! k2e 4 mTT&&
 8 9L  4 rm
   !W 
&0 w x ym*^
0 ^  RS d#Y4s   v    78-^-
 o4   - R!4  Q^%
4- % 8%K ~ w x y 8!% 8%K %-

-
4s r^    ma s !- p 9 8O'MP
C %v 8 @%- 
0  4^Fv 0 
%CN T 0  -4 % 8|} m*^0 4 

+qMl
Q4hTqTqQ4  6 8q h-d g TqQ
J
qQ4hm( aT0D8-
N TqQ4hm  TqTq
Tq ]TqQ4hZ  Tqg TqQ 4! qgT
J
4  hHd6 8qJ -
N TqQ4h h(\d 
  S   -  <  4    S   ) T     !  g U     1[   U
h4+$f % 8LWbd 48 h bdoT @+$C
8 c   O
 0 d 4h m 
 6  8   m1 ^      J  - V
79

  +
   
h4T6 8!
4mT  hC  d
v T* k{ 
ml#C 0 v
g  T >-[! %. m^
 ##mr
4
4  W!0 o   Sl 
   % 38s4r0  8sT4   >% k
4  
 4^ m!@
4  h S
   ! q Uc B  g&!
4mg  qmg& 4q Uc  B
4m-
 bd4 >W ^ Tm 4S >h h7@   
h4hwT S
     4q   
   q 
 0{   0  T 4m   ^  
h4k
w x y  m*^0 d 4hSA ^ h%d

7 8 RS d#Y


  4k?^J 0   m S% 8 RS d#Y
 
4 8r1%K    \8%&hT '|
!
8O' MPo4  !oJ 4g % 8o 
4- ^ e ko4"^ 8osE 
  )e g  4k# 8
 0
q<*G#| h*%  Odi!%0 4  !% 8o
4%T s-.S s&o4q#C T} S gT
<  4=
         %          T ^
    o
 4  .
T 8e 4+ 50 " R!C " K
 ! < P,  0PK
 30
  + 50 2  R!C   B 
 8 W  w x  y        o 4  B
  4q  h  d  e  D 
80

  +
   

q!  % 0 s  &8 ^SH o4&\8


4h )  ^S g% 8o p
o  0 4 S^S?  (  %  o
*R8% 14s  T6   < 4
8T6 8 RS dY#Y
^T6 80 !98!0  RS dY#Y4%#^}h  T6 
48&8x o
 4s#=^8k2e    8$-x   8  RS d#Y
4 K
  bci d e fe gh
8     4 m1   ^#C
W  o m p
     s % 8 RS d(
    7m
      W  - ! 8 < s&  o ! 9     S T s ^
 S
4
S * 4 m op   o | - O   x    v i
   x 7  8 o
 8* C8 RS  |} ~C*% 4S* 
# # hm
<0 *p8  4
8w x y
 &0 4
   -<0 *4h  x`
  %^`
^0[ 8 S*4s + o *! x %*4- 8 
&%8o x  4h %^v8 q
 0  q V
4  0 7m- x
  r1  
-  8         ^   RS  d  #Y !  5 5 8  S *
D 4mE( T6 ok*

X% h ^oS 4

^ s& 8y! s g ^7-o $ s S


4 ^ T  
Wg+ o4
jSl4m 
(owg 
3
y^S?o 4r >  >^  ) ) .# h
% ds&
81

  +
   

RS d Y  


 Hv^  E   H 8 c! | w x
48H!L  

   w x y
  / | 4-IL   m
?|- O0
 l% 6 T o4 %m^   8BR8| C So4k
  |^ D
  4q .  
[4qX
+qj
   4!0  &^ W* 4q!-8 h RS dd<@i  J
4qT^!
f@ bd4    q!W Ss# qG-{ T
h4!0   qC Sr  ^<
     S
    q #$   0 8 7  ~ 
  % 3   q #$  
 / T
h4F 68% d4m{{
   (  4
 ## 
   S hHd6 80 ! s   J
4q#$#m 
0 my m   mm 
0  
          m o ! )  ,  0 !  s      J
h47m
B 8o!d4 T sW4m
r m$ - r .0 ! s   J
h4my r!} ^ bd4my r} ^ ^ m
m y   ! #   hyd  h   T   h ]    0  !  s      J
4T *k W4m
 @   k N bT s8J
 %&       m +    !  k bd 4m      m   Q   B 

h4mX@ 
bd # S
 ^W D 0 ! s   J
4-t- h 
J
m  Z   8 
N    m r       0  !  s      J
82

  +
   
h 
!hS >^
 4mL J # 0
4444
   ^STg   !T 8 d4h&^
% 3 
h  

%  
w0 4s
.Th8< 4! T RS d#Y 0

  (  !w x y  o 42 8^K  ol4 %
 b ^ # .
       S  o 4  -    ^  8 j 8 (  s&   s
42<8^Ko4hT x S^ - m
N
)  ) e    -       ! '  T' MK    RS  d  #Y  i ^ (
48- g7 T O ^
 T o4 @D0 k'*4
4s o  O <-0

s -f  RS d#Y



v oS {| 4 
% XB
   0
k * k  0 4  8- g^o9T O4s3  
4s L > # [8o   | L$#Lo0 4kL- 
8ob 6  o4s oG! =<C o
      z 4s 
%s 8 $
 %8o4z  
48\8
 -%    ^ T  mTT o
+s&m 8%   -f o2e 

0P W @ 0  ;50 5< - "  + MX"  )  O" P"M N
  O" P   + 50
 P"B -  1   *0 2?. Y
 .?# 30  3  ! -  P  
4 #.)H
 0\ \ +" 50 < 9 + .  +" 50 +" A &  83 * .  .>  O" P   560 Z
 M$0 5 -' 3    + * - "   +"   [X W + .&
   p S 1 4e ghDg  h4: 157-158 d
  4q
T 
 0 S 4ks   ^sG!
  e ^ 4q-8Tc
0 0
4  d: [e 4k

 8  s l     ^  4    D (  m h ! %a 8   RS  d  #Y


83

  +
   

!o D4 m=:  4 , `-m 4q7-


l#    ^  4   m  h ! 0  D   -
  ,  4 B ! 
   D 4  @ -
4Pg4-( 4m 8<=>B!-  8%X9 S ^-
GZ [Z  x 47PXY>k <=>4klT
  v
^^
*408(CC <=>T D( 4kT k

!L*   k

47VPCqx8w x    CC4>-qx8 

NN
1s7

0  s q -4$9 k D m)<=> 0


NN
T  Z 8 5 * 4 s 7  w 0 
  4k ( 6 T  x    * 4o  1  
 85m*6R8T
w0 4m  (  RS dS#Yk
   8 5    4    5 -
 9 h m   ^ C [   S * ^
 S
NN
w 7
F ^w0 4kmTrF ( m( 6x w
4m  RS dS#Y
 RS dS#Y
0 
%s 4s>G 8Sl4^- D(
s   < _^8o  RS dS#Y
<.  |} 4L
  ^S  qjS 4qm  mh
 9
4m m
&  v  w x y 4mqid8gh
  (   s    7l      4    >G   C ? C C   8
  -  4%      8 =   s 9  i 

   g&   4k H ^  7l

4n!D
v CD

84

  +
   

H \- 
nhs>D
$ x 4s-
 9m  1

4k H \- *4^# 


N D( 4
%5oW   h m">s55     BxvV 
T6     l  $ V      %W  0   H \ -  4     #  
4 %X8    w x  %\xs 
- *4%V PZ [^Gp !  0 *4 - -  H \- 
4 r   1       -  0  4    -   0    -
4#$ m 
PD(
h www.panoramio.com*d8 RS dS#Y

85

  +
   

 

H \- 

86

  +
   

P
4q p  W -qx    $ l  p 
  9 P4 PDm$
 
  ^ 9  OTU W  (\ - ]  v\   4 7m )   l P  6 v\ 8 K  T
 & T8w x !m ^P 4 PTq 8  !m
4 HdWQ!m T;^9
m8PD48P 8&  4!   D(
'(T)W 4k 
  
V( W -M 4 m0   m 
W4
4k^ * W- ] k6
 + j8a  p 
 j*4 D0 j m 
W

  - ^  8 (\    4   ^  ,    8    W      j 4
   8 C S D     S 8 . 4  B
 (  Q
 e  |2  %6 8 0  4 I
4m

s -s
Ls - ml4k ^0 
kL  P
&/
  !9 4T8& -x  T8P  4k
4 w x    
 4   0 -R^
Ss 0 4 m

-8m
%   1S *4ks(  e !w x y k   k' T  & 4 T s
&  P
 0  n  S*4ks      k2e 4^

W2 "4 B23^*k*T 4  0 4E

    50 4E    y Z W2 *  
87

  +
   

 0  L*^w x yc4^8  mS* Z   B


4s r  %8 0 m%@-x -  8T   

'-8m4((
P

 ?  B    6# x h


   0    4 #    m ( h S D
k%&
 -8^Tk*T    4 60 4m( m7
4m , f6 

% 
  
^ %    *
    4 7 8   8  s T6  ! '  W    
  (\
4 @  8 e  T6       W "m   c % G -x   T 4k @
T6  48/-me:84
hq09
0{\?
W 8   4 m  ? T [x  ; -x  l  m  4T   =   /     q C 
42  $
  0 o 0 k


88

  +
   

$ 
 

<g g&!x qob0{\sS


(\8 4  
0{  
 0{ h{  S   4qTHsq R:q
4qR g&\!x qg  S*4
*&xv \^
 A8 \4k*
(\421v8 
   n  - =
    9  ^ \*&x S*4kT
  
  
(\- ]
as^0 T 0 4v^-V8  ( 4 m
4 m7(\- ]!%  T >!^
  X      ^
89

  +
   
(Foreign Direct

 - *&x   T    m ^         v  8   .

3 ?  !  4q 
 g  ^   gC    7  
   - *&x 4Investment)
-  *47m8%-   7m8v 0  B. 4KS^^9
4m
kB8B. 0 47m^0@gAsF%
US4mC1Wv 
B^B m^-VWv 
B^B.
-  q   D 8%p T h# T s^ Tv S  0@gA
  4 7t  % 8 @ y)  q 7   .  8  S  4q    ! TH E
v80@gAimp nM 
 v8  K   B
 5
gv80@gA^0 8v
gF8%{ ,R 4m mp 

47 
=L   
^% G v8+$#m0 %0 S 4 
 
v  hZ m1S 0@gA|N^ TUV%L
4 ! Z T  <&%*
4g 8   
 . 4wH  $ . C   
   &    4 m    *    C  I J H 4 1  ^ %  v     9
LD
  -x  4sKS^W50 n 

4mQDi^  C  s  4s

90

  +
   

$-R Q

4m  8(( 4!TD
T  ((!C P
^TW QT4
 -8k  NT8Q^M~! T
$^To^ ^I
4
 ^ S 
4j o( -Qo
 ^   m #T
%   % 
"m$hD4m  N-8 s
4m  SD4hUW0 o T4s a8

O4m
y > 6l4 f6-848 S--4k 
 8-8
S   4 P!& 6o-8-4ky >h6- y >y >/$6 
4g: c   i1!^
 N ^ P 4
   w x      T;
    q   ^  C Q    
0 k -84t# -8$*^R8w x  ^h
4Q(\b [(\#

0x8[(\
Lm 8-8 ( 4R `
^  TH  f6
0  BC4 m  4m!_D0 kH *$!-84k
41&G l B^-! ^ %&
4
TD  (\- ] * m ^S i 4-Ls  T
/0S- ]T-QT s
 4qQqS ^% & (\
4Q
v  m  TBC4 H6S*4 ^U S(\4 myE

W C  -8`(  4m^V -84tC SD( 4!-8 
91

  +
   

4my4  l4 m     R  s 


4m-sXYQ
9[\> *4s 8g4k ! `
!\SD4! 4!  SD&C-
4 @ ! \
 m T S   -    h   Z  S  4 [ \ 1 l 4
4kL V   -8
  4     Q ] -  8  ( f 4k  J  +  
 4 m yE  
   ^  ^   ^ _   - ( f  _ ,   - :  x     
 - ( f 
 h
-8`T; -8? 0 4G
-8s( f ^0 4
   r i  . 
   0  4m 
 -8 m  ^ &C  k  - i -f 4m
4qm%CBC^T   -8
 s`k   %  
&  ^-80 4-8$BCZ
'8m 4a s h 8bbT   m >G m ^`*4
 T6 ~ '  !' .
 4sG
 ' # m 

  4m    ,    c    - h . 4 sG < c     S   7  '
0V% ^4m h!'  V `*!<@c  sd x
4n
$^../`*$

. !
?i k c * m %
^   0  4e  
 ' k   m  ^ c      ` T 4w c     0
m W  e >G-f `*! ^% 4mn
$170m
4e !'8-f s !!'8 - 
4mn
$h-f ^0
4m110x8S 'S% ! ' 0 D0x-8@ [(\
0 64kn
TSD$hVN^Ps(^% 
$*m*
 4k mn
T$  90  w x
92

  +
   

  N P8s8S [(\*4mn


^
4y go LS*T
v i 4h$!-8
. sh$!-8Th8HSD
7 go  0       q (
    q 7  8     8  4 a   i   :
4q #6-8S *G
j\ 4q7T
 8&q
   m  Q   * R 8 0  4q  Q
 ] gC W ^  <  -Q ^  ^  k
  TWX ^ T  k  gs 1700 6    3000  a  ^ T
 & 0  l 4q T s  

gs 8TBC$*C mT  4kgs2500* $1600
v8-Q0  * !0 4 * h^TWX4wTWXT
n$* 4s Q-8 - *8  -Q^R47m
47 m @- 
Q0  x  k

% $

Dk$  o $* 4T$-kT kQ $0 ^0
^   m T    -8 4k p@  *  .  A W ^  4    8 r  ^

   0  $4k m$ ef % m;8 0 4
4kg&q&4kLr#  Y mp$
4
-80  mg
&x!^r& m h
-88.D
 (  4k  p@   &   .   S     ^  (\    
4s r%M   x0  
! -84m 6
v^0 M 4k$* .% 

89s   0 4^ %C s ( 
9 @
+" 50 ]  M$ 4h m  u    u   q    %C    4 7 8
 SC -  8 t
44
 >  ^30 " ?
 H C

N
v wMKL M' Py   ! \ S D 4  N (    x %  - 4m -   h -  % 

93

  +
   

4  8 ^X   8      * 4 z ^  8       4 h   


 4  ?
!^|W
4klm A{* g %4V{^-
  I ((
4 Bq 8 S k4q mw ! 42
4kv  
9kp@* (}
$D
9-8

- ]    6   8   4    g ~  0x g@ - ] l  -t  !  g@


)!@ DV( 4 @8 
(  
%l     (\
4m%^T 4si)
S4k m) 9%
h0 
T4k 
%X  (} T P4m  S8T
4V D 8g  S4k m}

(}

^
 8(\- ]4m}h
 -4qm v=x88\
mT s^. 
0 4m f 8 8U 74 +T9 0 v
94

  +
   

4kLt
Yh( 4kr=80   
4
CN

   h !   m  
 \ $  4  m   N   ^
   Hd   OTU D (
8x ^%W4ma
SDC  0 4^
[ (\ 4    l 4 !  S D   &C  4   Q ^  0   k L 
4Dn
-8   *% q 80x
  T        3   s   #     *    -.
4*Y    TWX    
4h   o
 Q  ! 4-t # yz  
q#$"mzo 4hZ "mL
#"m4h
/mKT s^ %CT  o 48ok 4hLD
4T* s [ X . * 4 

4kl4k   [N
cSD4s5
f `-v4 mT go!V -8
4
f^--( 0 m v^
95

  +
   

 -x Q
,F
% 8  -x QT 
"#$
-4  -o   h
&CS 4q m
W4 c  
- k   4k jC o     
48 `csh{     
-
k/-3-f 4 t#fc ^  S!&8
C<k qm @W  -x s T !p@0 4 m=&#
4,s^  -x (s#  
Q4qy  
- Th`S /-4k!H^$!-8`0x8S [(\
 -x   ~8 -x l4s !H^$W^k!
4m -x (\- ] L
yzi-Q^l42i-Q5&5& %  - - 8$
8P% 4m(
AWD^T8Nf  yzi4(!!

QD( *% 4rmgochVA^T8N^m 
T
4  
  $ 8 Q     \   D   m % \ k `        yE ! T
4As

 $8Q
 L   q m       4q m &       !   -Q  3
S  &  @ * G C C  !  4 m  ^   ^      T  ^
4q % qm
^m gu T  4qm -Q 3-x
4m( 8 4qsF~  [h
96

  +
   

 CC *4 k Ss&/*4s ( Q  DQ 3-


G  4% T88 \o %8 4q$3 >
L (Non Verbal Language)V#T 0  %%8!%  
 4Tyoh  mE *  4q g   qrmAs 

4hq ohm
  h  oh %
I zt!g T 8 (\x 4q7l  l-Q 3c
 ^*8THs.8  0
w  o a
  4
4q 
mT s VSTU4qy 
^8o 0 *


^^!GV 0 4k\Vq
   KcCs> 
(\- ]
4klmo 1
-  %-.
  9kl$C

w V 
4S^C8 
j ##8 ## QkgX .
?       m  -   -C -.    8 Q   ! x 8 Q  D 
       
  8       V q .  . % -.  -Q 4 m 0G  ^  @
JN

  ?
\QkLm 4kLtT $$$
!  sF~ . >9m<8 0 v-.48   56
  ,   8  m   i   /0 8 %l   k     ! V  0       ^
47
8   S    V@1   ^c T   *R8r g8 8 
!hW*4?^4(^C%8 wWT7  .94
m1^ 7g *!hW mp 1
0 !h W7myz
4

97

  +
   

VSTU
VSTU
(Main -280  4qu  Q4m  
V0 D40mVSTUL

h  6    P  6 v\ 4  m 


 6    
 g K  T 4V S TU -x    Land)
^x   [ r   'q TV4VSTU    47
4qm
4p VSTU    (\- ]v\ 0 4N^P0 D
0 43^ Q
( w x 
\V
g 4p Q h
  m @ D ^ k2 e     RS  d <@ #Y   p  E T 
 V 4 p   T
 g
4 m
 4m g# %  !   RS  d <@ #Y    z T  ^   4q   
 \ E
 
 -- 
6   0 4<@G p 
 S  V*{|  
 8ET4 # @l^mI< 4 
 4 SG p 
wk (\- ]**gXc 
 S
W& |   () 4k m!' N w x y{| 
4ET  <@Gp 
V!%0  8
 ET , 4h % qSD^Nk*H
i  /08Q
  /0* ks`
  9k Wp !8V S TU !  
 Q ! ! ^L4*Y  TWXSD 0 4'% T)
 (Hurghada)  '0   Q SD ^ 4k (Luxor) W
47m(L -8 QW (\- ]`^
D4kg [ & N O$4s !yz ! `- 8ch
98

  +
   

   160
 (  N    4q          L   q    BY   $h
4kCk kp !m
$ 
VSTU


l m$%*7- rCC C 4qg& &^v 87C V
0 ^8w x SDc4 SD
s>4r  
4S1 l~8  4 t ^$
 
b l4k F J W* mm 
W
q!'  & .  so8v\.SD m0  `4
4 m.8#
4  o ! V S TU   w x 
 A 8 |1967 4k     v ^ |1967   
99

  +
   

VSTUQ
 (  0 w x  [w x  Q
 w x Q |1978
 7C lsrH & !'0 ^-Q
&0 4s  
 u>B#
 -T  4t --l*&x 4q5
4kg n %&'C o 0W*( 4r
www.panoramio.com *

C 

'0 k* q


 0lklm*^ -Q  `
lDm* 4qC ! v\8 @ S !
g(\ v\     q
 0
  4^x
 
>   ( 4q @
  &.Dm0 *L  m
4 @
%&' 3 8%&'   S^

<=8
C./ -.bM~  <=-.0  %&' m 

  4s zC % <=
4
! % 8   ^ 0    $   
   4  %    D    <  =
100

  +
   


  T} 0  4m1VX#  0 * %  
H   mT}M  7mT}%
 T}0 48:
% 
4 % am

  Vo r ^,9k
 9
 g  m[^ ( 4 ! ^ < k
4m l!* m!o 4g!C
  >
 y |1990  SV Bz   *
 
0 
0[T;, aT *^0 
*^-V9  
CC} &*
4T6
 

  g  9 !4m0{s\}p[&4q
4mD A 9%8 c 
- k ^% C4E.
 ( !E7 


 *4   18gCh$.(qi ! 
^(` #>&    %  
 &
4%8
   ^     q y        ,   8 (      ! % 0  
! ' 1  8 (  \ 
 9  ^ q  T * 6 4     ! T q  (d    9
^7   ( 
9(d 0 8 8(  m
k    8( ` 0 #  V  ^ c 4qm
4`Ws\8  6 
p 
   0      u ! m  V   4   %  C    ^ 
 ^g& > ^8CSD4kL9TUBx

J@0 04T!
W4m  &FCkLm0
4
oW   8 Tm0
101

  +
   

"7m! g6 
 j\l *R80 4W 6  
6 
 ^)^4&#0  58    g6 4q
47(8j\!9-& TX
D4D V=>6- 
4fTH^^lD4s$  !'
    ^ l    4    
 W [     8 ~ l  

 

C h^ x 4D^kZ  CC P^v 4


4kZ  C

 0 
^  o  [ [ Z  ^      4 1 Z  C      
 ! %  /
k     V * 4  0  D
   - 4m   ^   h  (  S D 4 0 $
%X8 RS d<@#Yl
 '0 45
P h
+B0 p *4m^ RS d(
4V  V)$ 
^ hd  <@T s
    
   i T    g      !     T   4  - $  V   B\
 
4mBx
$ m* o 4qL-[D
$ #  ^  <@h
4g^o#0 
s w Y LgXm0 r0 D
L   m  !  D    T  4 ` `  8 <    <@ 4 
  ^  J 
4ks cz ^  k ^  D:s ^

s (  $mno F8 0 omaTC o
^ <@
4&#8o
.
 h[oe |6 <@ 4hU#C.o

4^o 
V
tG %^qC.o  GT

 0   o  <@ 4s  g > 
       m  h
    Vlm   T (
C.oko
 48o*$ G>S s  
4^E
.4!cgG<@4j#
102

  +
   
k8T}! o<@4s ^  4  Vl0^L T
4j#C.oko
 4 [o*$k.0  
45 o^-.( 4C o^o
(  <@
L 4s   +  ^ A 8        & # ^ S  L    
 .   V l 0 h T 
% 80 #$o <@4s :  0  4k    
4#o!m
 R8 o
( 4 m)Co  .( GT 4j
h  ^ L$
4- 1
s 8 TT*^0
  x * m `46@  0 TL4k(WkT6  
^9 m1^0 
    i   0 ( L$*D0 4
   =   0 8C{   W0 **^ 0  4mpT s
  8( o*4g+   mO *L$( o0 4k o  k
h18:60-82d 4 #o!8 R*4^  
4

%^ k2e  c S  K*^ 0   RS <@#Y


e m^ !0 .R8 4 *  !@ k2e  
4k: F

k2

^4k '  b m%X8 RS <@#Y'T


$ C C   s    RS        <@ #Y   '  Ef W   >h * ,
* , Tx  c 4q
 R  R6 8s !'0 4
: %k Ef m   QK$*o 4P hk'0 '
4m: g 0  m f^Q* 


 r   6  4  J  ^B 0
 T:T 
 L  0  +$# g h 
 .^s    *
 %X^ RS d(^z < T4gh e  RS d<@4+$
: T [^k2e  r  x@ zs~ k2e  RS d#Y4
103

  +
   

4 @ f
 :{|   m
7mg#A!0   : T [^k2e Ta- *
 
 g h^ 4q   0  (   %v)    e   4
e x&& 4 * V  e 4a  ^  a
  7 0     T6   8     b ci  d e  f  < 
 -v j 7  #  d
$a  ^WT
!   d -.! Q
 &k*7)e G #Y

0    $4j( S7l ^)e *#Y 4n -.P
            F 8     6            R  4 a
4qy 8qh^   8qh^D   q 8% h
8! 
 -L %  qh^DoXs  o
 q#$#r oT -x 4qC oTqy 
4q#$# 7[ sk&^o g 7Fo

 

  0 4-^8rS


0
4qj 
7[ -
 ()-.op80 q

g BC >



  l4q 7 <8%X -
 w0 4a g 0 
0  V 
 4q 
    0{  -  0     q @ S <  8 g

  m     g&     E  -  l  k    T   * ^ )   k L  ^ !


0BC ><a 
TE-


4 m0 I
4q7%8-

104

  +
   
www.panoramio.com* g
 0 

oVE
ET#0  Tp !9v h*4
# VESD $ 
G\ 4^ "m   S
j< - 40  W SD4 !#
( `4 
$  0V, 9qm^0
  T
 TWX  k m  * ^  4k  2  # V        l     s ^ %
4h  0 8 Cq$hD4q
"m  
0  8-N KkLT$*g   
 C04m h^lD( 4mI ~C T
 -*4k!m h^l4m!0 D( 4:
l4fD $   T 
 4! 

105

  +
   

CC   - !$


Q*%J4k * %8
   Qh S VVSTUG *4   @ 0{T C
4!%`

--4"@@k#9s"@% `h ^%


bkI* "@4V%G- myG!m^x  
9
4D4k56#Z #% 
0 4 y >0
m8  ( 4k

!uG`!E> k (

^   gL   4  r ^ c      m    * ` >   ^


   4q
4ks^%  
 ,    F  - * 4   8  -    k    C  
 "@
XH!  7r*
). l4qN
TH% hL
8 RS d#Y^IpN tK' 
98|% _^ % _  4
#> Z4kN
-8D% hD | 456
4m7 !ETD 

@8w x y
4kgC/$w x ykm T 4k5 z 
 @8w x y *
4T@8w x y^hD mI
4k s  r     U 8 %f
  0     8   RS  d [  #Y  k2 e    l   B  ,
I  o 4  s  %  8   e     
 w     RS  d (| #Y   o
RS db{^)0 ^
 4T o4Te be 9kw x
  4 +b  ^L`X  y4s 
o   m^ 
4s 
Qo<s L S Xb <-C{

106

  +
   

Qw x y


   s    TWX T @  k (Memphis) NP('  ^_    Q
 &    RS  d b #Y
oT6  n ~ 8o4qmB%  o
bTh4k -x
RS  d b #Y : m     gC %C
 Q {|  b Th 4s   T     Q

8g^NP( T 0 4 !9  s - T s8Q


 0 4Tk 
 - 8Q4k m> L
 6?8s 
4 

456{ ^
QS^    4 tgC%C,
 p(
QC{T 4   s C{  RS db#Y
8|  W&4m
   8 
_\ m !* 
 8w x y
_\ gCh $4 gC 8$ef^b1900 p *{|  }
4
  8
y  4- 
  <      8 9  r m 
 C [ -x    
   0  w x  y
  6JH*4^8m6  h s Ubd0pI  
Q
 0 m 
Qw x

0Ip    9     8 ! 
  '  Q  _\  4   ^  (\
  m6  J H  w x  y 4m TX ^  8 Q
   9 m % c    m6 
4r  (( ST*

 RS d<@#Y
8o4s&
w x y RS d<@#Yk2e  gCh$  RS db#Y
 =T    )%8 s !w x y^
k2e  X
 8< 6 RS d<@#Y4s T ^ 

NP(' ^_  Q
&0 48!8o o X %   o
4W (Luxor) '*4ks !(Thebes)  ^
107

  +
   

 0 T4kLq! x   m-Q !E #^ RS d<@#Y


 
 RS d #Y%X8ol4kp  PT @*4^Qo
o+"e   }  RS d #Y 0[k4k^L  o4m^
4 Qo s ^
4  

o @0 D  m^'0  V o
 

    R o 4*6 o 4k 9 ^ 0 R8o
e 0 
  os k2e o4mn%vo  m@D^ok2e 

4A RS dL#Y{ o o!9   o4 % 8 


(
 8!8o9kN' K  4 t^S    RS d<@#YgX
J N
qghm e os*o48% 8  e o9kMPt0  x
   ^  8 k2 e   o !     4   %  8  C     w x  y T 
  ! ' o s  - ^ 4 ^ hL md  bi
4s
 * >! o4C* >0   C o

 89  !oS*4am **TzW& 4
 Z % 8    RS d<@#Y4s  L
-8o
 x7 8 RS L<@#Y*  4s  T 
4q  !o
!80 
 80 k2e 4TWxC gh0  e 
d<@#Y^( 4q56(   Eg -
Xg#(
W5 (  (&|or  w x y :  8( ^ RS
4* + ^
gX ^ g  ?     gh  e  4l m    ^  8 gh      0   f ^
 h 0   8    4  s  % i m   ^  8 e        8 
108

  +
   

gh 0 47m-8e ! Uv + gh     


47-   8%@S  &  S &
(Exodus) fw x y

4   w x ym


w > -  RS d<@#Y^ e
8-
0 40[430%8K
Q w x y{| B 
  W ^    Q    w x  y   RS  d <@ #Y  4k s   - g   0   k2 e  
4s
2 o T  m0 I 
  RS d<@#Y^ k2e 48 kK TC w x y(
0  w x  y 4s  r Z  
 0     ^   k2 e  %      m    
   9 &

 9s T k2e m 



2  -84^ 
4m
< 

*
 & 0  4k m     - p    S  h    W h T @   * {| 
* {|   -x   4   
   z  
  4 m  ^   -
4s '# <@=p 
W4C p@   gh^*  g ^8k2e
Lv T   0 0 488gX % i g  
0  4"  !  ^ 9 k    p  *   (>
 0      8   m    4 s    ^
 klm  ~ ! 8   0 qL[*8e ( c4V  8 c
4k#( !  gvC8 RS d<@#Y ^(
8  
w V4$
VSTU( S*4rm ( w x y
%   !w x y^0 4 r   T8&^ RS d<@#Y 
4& !0  RS d<@#Y 4asT
 kC     - 4L- E 8k2e !w x y
kT! 8 - [!    38A64g#-6! k2e
109

  +
   

 &-Tk2e  4 w x y m  !  ^%


41 ghT w x y
(Ten Commandments) 0

0 4m "^ ^% X  v s 7T   #  i


 k*Hk2e
k2e   {|   k2e 9Q  - ! 8 4s r  U
 T
&n% ok2e l4 !ET RS d<@#Y 0 4

r X

+qa (Ten Commandments) 0  0 4&X w x y^


4%& H. $1
4#r=m
s!s
! TT %8. $2
4 T}!^  ^-[#0 ^-[#    $3
# 0 4m    C #^1 4^ s  hdm $4
4&0 c s}s 
4m  * W   
0 *-#%8& o $5
4# h.d $6
4## $7
4#-c $8
4c  5 <t  $9
 Bs' 0 (s 0  #n  hgm d-,8<t 4#n ) <t  $10
h20:3-17f()d 4 .

sw x y srX*   4^)  


 T k (  4m  ~ TgCC k^gC^0 f(
4m  ~
8 48\8N g 4r    4  - w x y
8
W -  z% 38L  0 k
4g#X*RL  4 K 8Sk*
110

! v
0 4s 

  +
   

4qA
J-A R!  9L 
       F ^  %E 4 -   z   N   g ^       8 S
+ ^
  4E8 A.   48\8  ^S  -x
      s    I   ! p@    4 s    r      , -- !   0  4
4 Q .s rT% 39Q  w x y 4s af
T 8e ^

4s 
f()b > 0

8/
0 w x y
 @8o4s!ET  /$k2e  RS d<@#Y
m
20  -8w x y5 d&4- 18% 380 S sr / h
    RS  d <@ #Y  4   ^ 0  S *      8   RS  d L #Y 4
8 0 w x y<-  8%@0 ^ k2e  m #!0 o
4ks
p       w x  y
(Deuteronomy) F    (Leviticus)    (Exodus) f () 8 
3% 4  |  T X  k2e 
 !E 4B^
- 4q        7 6  5     V l   @ X %s   %+ -a
4^E^ -  v  YL  8J
<  7 } $ & h  ( 4q | N ^ J - ef      _ ^ % 6 
D4F#8 
+ 4  %6  ^}h{9:c%&
4E8A !T P?4s   %P^  !u

X  U
  w x y
- 
 <   8&#80  
 <  c- &8k2e s *w x y

 %f C   W W    ^    % ^ 0    -x  8    * R 8    4
%_mi[ Sh 0  8%f  e   ^*w x y4m
111

  +
   

+k2- 6 4   + T89 m;H&^ T89( 4


J
<

 C[[E )
hma
 & . h!J-. hw x y d

h4=6 

 hm>^ 
 4444h        
 e    4 0 
     4   ? ^      
 4   @! W    h
J
! 80  h hA h  4h&^ hE <)T h2
44444h
E -   F !      k  r  B   C#
  h  -  8  . 444 h D  -.  
  mop 
4hs  hGHI4h- hG
4h m   T ^   W bd    r 8 J      S   !  
 4444h  R ^ e
=TF 
4444h TW      W

@W4444 yz
% W
444444h TrK@ h
 MF 
hq
 e TV4444hm
o e  44444 L
h26( ()d4m   
4 N  C  %!i C  

8      RS  d <@ #Y   r  J 4 m    C      T  @ - 8 w x  y


" ?  P W 4 603,550  8   {|  O () 8  48 -   8      4
 %
4Ehs 3- y  8 RS dL#Y4m[Qs
 ^
     -^    8   m*^
^ x8   4r[vC8 RS d<@#Y
g g S^
d <@ #Y ^   k2 e  4s  C    w x  y  S     8     r   
TXuv  

!  V o 4s ! 8   w x y RS

 w x y 48 
^ 8o   T k0  9 
^     <@ 4 rmg    F ^_\yE
+ s R# {| 4q*D
^ D0 $s 
0 ` 4m
>
Bs
QD
h14:3-4O()d $hQ Dm1*$g&
 S s,-$X

*gC/$4kKZ A^lS 4s 


  VSTUw x yk2e
112

  +
   

N
( ^
  h RS dDMP' Q  hs   RS d<@#Y4
H8
w x y8 4= S S % _ *4m 


 m^     !8    gC/$0 4'e *G #Y


 
/$4 -$ v f 8   0 4m Q
g&    
4j -^  e 7 
_\ gC
    TG
  @ @ l     ! m         T @   0   w x  y
^    w x  y
  4   8 xy  d z {    RS  d (| #Y   4  U  56
8 RS d<@#YS w x y4k+ ^r Z   k&Z 
4s &S <Ck2e !9mT &!%^o 8&#
 & k2e ( w x y4 ! 'T &Z ^ 4^8@ h
 w x y   T @ UVh    8,@h^  @ 4
RS dL#Y  < 4 j  8 ( 48- 8w x yT !p@0 4W
<  mC H bde fe gh^F0[1800ef B 0 4%
4E7m
>h    8
w
 w x  y4-78!   s  m.V' W3( w x y
8 ^ 4 ^XE @-x  s 4E- %s \8 ~
4E- %s \
 A 8 \

%8 RS d<@#Y


 ! F T o   0  4s  w x  y  2 ^ p    9  ! p@ 0     RS  d <@ #Y
41400-1500&o4%o4s  o
y (4^ 8  RS d g   o  %8 RS d<@#Y
#Y @o^%  n4)e G #YL'
w x
^  Ow x yv8nh8o4a^)e %
4  K'^ < -<-o
 4s ^ 8
113

  +
   

4rg m^B   s CoS   -x 



^R0  4  s &S  @  } ^ 
4kLv 0   TX!(  qm8e !   k m
n w x y 4E8q 
 -   
? gh? w x y
4-8Jm- 8e   T8S  

gh  &  RS d<@#Y


4 &*k2e 

T T S >
 0 @ 
 [gh &-^
C{    
h<@ d
()d4S(^0  
YZ^#.T:@ . 4 ^ 
9
h18:18-19F

  8)e z  RS d #Yx   y 4jmgh { w x y



 y-x 4 mghL  T  8%0 4q 

 S   -   vC  %v
 @ 4 m   gh     b ci  d e  f e  gh  h
d<@#Y
vC%v80 *
 9i    RS d#Y h
47^ RS
    8  q [   i     RS     <@ #Y 
 @ - 8   RS     |}
!    8 TX !  v    k2 e    Sh  v ^ 0  4 g  
    
8s  s
%8%7( e !   9 8S  
4s Tr8
     c m 4  w x y
 8 ! RS d<@#Y
 g      !  
 0 m-8e ! 8
4s & ^
u  yb8o4s
  bci de fe gh^0
mw4-  8%@ {| %s \- 
HTh  S4!% 8o
114

  +
   

4k-f^8e   8   k  #mU(\^


 h
 4ks  \ 2m [x  8    bci de fe gh
 0  RS   ]| <@#Y94ks    ^
() 
e  *G  bci  de f#Y< Fk g#( e !  \8   
 
    T  0  4m U     8      
   9  g# (   e  !  8     '
N
 
 C k 8
  ]#Yk*4mr k Qw ^N 
48A 8t
 k 8
  *G #Y- %@ 8 
m!E % f^ u
 C d  k 8 
 \^4m  [c^
  q
 k8 4
4q   y?
+s&o
0 s -fC w x y^%  RS d<@#Y
 h10,000^
_>- ^(T4 mT`^ T  mW! ^a s^V
h33:2-3F ()d 4J 
L  0  sC

e fe gho
0 4mw x y 0 8k2e 
 6 0  o
wW h0  ^
_>-8]
 8 80 0  bci d
4s b#! J8e  3c

\w x y

N
RS  d DMP' Q   #Y   o 4m  w      T @   % 8   RS  d  #Y
4a^)e *#Y @ 4A
^ 6   j  ^ L    w x  y   4 @ 8   U ^  8 k2 e  @ 8   0
!  8   0  80  8 T 8-  4mkB  
98e S* mdIAn L   4q7r  q7m
!@8 <  gCh$. (Judges)Re()84* &n- x  k2e 

  RS d<@#Y
9k%GT^  !w x y s 
 0 4`
115

  +
   

4g87  %  %f

 ,6 
<  478^ ^9Q 
9k - *4
 L (Judges) hX^ 8w x y
T6  
     | *  w x  y
    o 4m    RS  d w #Y
  
 _\
4U 
T 8e 
% K80 DA
)hqCT6 4md ,6    RS dw#Y
   ) e   hgCd %Sd ! 9  -        h r    i   h  ^ ^
   RS  d w #Y ! 0  4   T6            w x  y 4  A T6 
4q  !.QQ q1^
 ^%  Y%Sds
J Pj
8 ' 9k (Goliath) %S @# " 4 
T 8e C >C %Sd
0 4s &^  K'%S RS d    w x y4m.
4mAT6   o %Sd - ^} - 68o%Sd  
q8 X<k
  RS d #Y %Sd(
2 1w8
4a  ! RS  |} !
 6T @^8o4sr^_   ^ o  m(
   RS d #Y
 -\6*4 @-\6k 
9mg#G()8e !o4
  
4t^En8G
% 3- O47`lm0  7 
8w x y
  m o RS do#Y o  RS d #Y
  %Sd(4k^w x y!p ^Lkq <  k2e *4!\ ^
8jc80r 
&  RS do#Y4& 926 ^1030&o
47os
@8 Om
 s m   8   0     4s      w x  y  !   RS  d o #Y
v  S ^0 4^ W j -^8k2e  RS do
4(i ^  ! e  aT 
116

  +
   

tw x y
4mE   8 RS d o#Y4 m  ! ! w x y   RS do#Y
* 4k *C u *  9 k (Israel)w x  #  Z 8 g 4  TX U    
  
k 4k ( ^_    9 k (Judea) * O #  Z  4 TX !  O   T @ Z
4m^ tv  k\ @*v
_\Z
8 w k- 6^V - x\( =  -& w x {| ()8
  0 #Y4s # 56|} 
    V 4
Kz
Kz
y' #Y48g% 8 w x y 8-8~g v 0  RS y' 
4srmsT [x987 8S RS d
*  X g#(  
 %8s E  6   e !Z8w x
4mL  xR V -,80   ) ( =  ms4S
8ms ( = 4!8w [ s {  w  0
4m
 ChmTX^
y   s   &  E   \ : k >m T6  -f 48 ^  m6  ^  ! Z 8 w x
4700 *4 8 | m}  w x
T s   k2 e    R  4k C ~ 8 w x  g  v   9  Z  8 * O  -x
<g g8 e 4 8 m)n* m E !0 4- }
 ! %  8 |}   4q 56   RS   |}  8  ^    y  T T' Ms' Q 0@ TK0
 
w x y9
~   RS dT ' Ms' Q#Y !Ez4 ^Y 
 f "#


 9 *xC % 8 w x y 4  CtT 
4s Tr* OZ !(tuvT6  V
598
 ms  %8: gG   O  0 8  
4-  ^ 80  T !(tuv587
 988gX
 t0 4s Tr0r 4Ekg+;80  C 0 ) TKT6 - O-f
117

  +
   

%68q!w x y
 0 4ml!En% 
@8w x y s  % 

4q 
(Ezeikiel)y v0()8
^c tv  ^ 4 (First Diaspora) |( 0 
@8 O
4

\ x w x y
  S T  4L   8 n  v    -  8     L TX ! L 
   0  T   w x  y
48 8 k2e 
 H0 4(- % 8H  4C  |}
0UCgX|4V0UCT6    
535 sg ^8V
* Of   S*4- % 8m 
T  O0UC4qy 

48TXT Z8
  q <o , c  4m8 RS dh d #Y L  O
 458
8o     T64 ^ @8w x y      -h@Jo ,
8% o4  
   k   O^Wo48 
8)C [v -    Ff dT w x y@T 
4 
w x y^ H8
8  3# H    * 4    m}   w x  y
 9  H 9Q     RS  d  #Y
    w x  y ^  k   \   8   H L 
  8 w x  y 4  
  ()
4 X^\ Ts   RS d#Y4k- 6
L    RS  d (Nehemiah)
  #Y % K <0 8 w x  y
  &    RS  d  #Y
x 8( 445o4A(o  T6    4

  J 8 F8%   RS d


 #Y 4 m \ x  w x y0 48
^()8e 0 Sm*^0 4r^_\ w x yb#T  
4r - 
118

  +
   

 () 8  48  8    k2 e   0   r    8 k2 e  w x  y


 & 0  c
8    O  0  4k z    C     T6  * 4q  8 B %6 8 C 8 &L
(Esther)
4k?^&L0 &L*4s r# 8  C80 k2e 48
8 o  k2 e     &   o 4m  8   RS  d (  #Y L  w x  y
 & <
#o 9T#o4s 
-o s Tr( g&o &
-\6 ( ()
488# ok2e 
4 ( #
4q56%I  8o
96
  4

 ! g  T)  (Proverbs) g  4E g    (  


     8 
   <

!\ z  LL w x ym*^|  4-  z%K 



  () 8  4 -  F 8         m   % X  L     _\  4k
4_^ 0 (Ecclesiastes)
(F
   -x     0 m   ^ +  x     w 
 \   0   O
4m ^ S*4L\w x yVgCh. 4m
 w x y g  ^  8w x y %/8 Y  300
i  6#
1754r L +#c#  - O4
%       e 488)- O^% [
48A%@ 8!Js

I
I 8 -    * 4 a ^ #  %    I : [ 
 O    0
y   k2 e  4s  C  ,  O   s  C  #   O :! #
 A 0  4
 w x  * O kTX:s  - ^ # O   I0 4!w x
4TXV67:s*4

119

!

  +
   

t x w x y
! L  4m
  !W  O m)- 8I
8     8 0  4 m    ^  k              ^ E
 
 w     4s     Z - O
   63  L    a   
 %
4
+#-- O*4a^#   s r 6l - O
g \w x y

  as^%0 T  v   O4m8  RS dY#Y


&0
#Y 4s   RS dY#Y!&80 m^ }h 0  
4k  
w x y  RS dY
 o + o O4 RS d#Ygh-f 8w x y
 RS d#Y|- OiqrB
"#$   Dp*488
4ks  L ># [8
 |60 O4s  V(\ w x y 9L[8e  RS d#Y
  x  4s (   e  ! w x  y
 % 8 j T6  
 |70 48 % ^ Z   
120

  +
   


 0 4j C878 4r  67,000 X  133,000
 (Second Diaspora) | -x  8 w x  y ^ 
 @ 8 O 4 s    
  -  w x  y
4s   t x  ^ 
 4
e Tkp@-f w x y*4=bci de fgh-f e 
 -z-
 o 4m x
  T^ p@0 T 4-8 o&gh-f
4-( v! 
 9 *x
+B #@0 8w x y
#/"  C "   ec  0f& .0aM9 0LP "  A   . $1 b
  dc 0 & 5<" ?
 W3 " F
 ) 30 & 8 ._01B  * 2  . `
  
-  .   I 1) 30 - )  !h h  -j . P"AW3  0 < 9   0
 U@ 0P"B g& ' X 
' %3 *  C   0h M - ) .    i3 A *
"   ec  0f&  & - $"%3 B C <3  - )?
 W !cd - " ?H C - " ?H C <3  .0aW! 1 i93 C - 9  3 A   4
 *
' 0P %* - 9 !h   C
<3 C - ) ,* 2? .0aM $ 0P   0"1M." I' 1
 C O" P @ h #9  g
?
 # 30 0P @"  . - ) / P" " 0keP"?. I 1 @ J0

.0aRH  1& )3  -     3 A   ! " - $" " <3  - ) # H 1 


^
 f4h x- [c t! k!%0 w x y
() D
T    
 'D w x y 4sp@x
 ^  g&W s p@! WD 0 4km :kT *4W

4 T8 [  T8 4- ^v - -


< 
h0r dj  T ! e x D sx 
4 Tr^ tL !9 s v
 9
     h  T      D   T   ~C         (  !  (   a m
h17:4-8w x yd4rD S 

  9     vC8bci de f 0 4s  y bC{   'w x y


8 x! ' k2e  4mn ^8V^ @1 T @

C    mg#


%8 f Ip' tNKM' P8( e ! 
4kC w x y
d#YV^KT-  *w x y  tx B*
 *gi Th
 
 w x yC4hq& C  b  RS
121

  +
   

^  8  o gC1900  RS d#Y4 ^ G 


RS d#Y  S
w0 8 o -C4 m#T 
w  O
4L!0 o b  
RS      Sh -f    e     0   q$ #  - x T 
  0    w x  y
0 4s  ^9C8 |}  *4m#mj ^  k2e  m#  ! 
i - x0 S Y[ 0 4s   bci de fe gh-f
4qmT  0 
T!9m#mj 
 : ^  e  q$#- xT 
 0   y
gh - x0  hV^ bd>C8     Y[ 0 4q v
4qmT  * i  p s^bci de fe
 U8gG   0 4  %_%0  86  8 [     8
  <  RS  <@ [ 4- 
  [   0 , 
%f T 
48
%f  0   !qghi[ 
+ 6 4 s.Rh8  s@8 yw x y
8 W B C O" !h h  -j .m' P >3 $  ?
 H C & < ?!n0  >3  @  >  .4
  dc 0   M30 0;/  .4
 .B  P l .< P" \0 4
 0
- ) H %* +" 50 p
 . C .  * " A * 
 *":;) " #& .<' P" #  1" . o 1S  C - "  & (
 K R0 0P #  0P"  =  ;50 5 .4
  & B
.4
 # 9 K30
^D ^ 4 !C1 DqT hwdW 6 * VE 
 0 4  m)  4X     S  h4s 
$ ^e 4hs U

sr2%   RS d#YqwT (O' MP3  ^ .


 k   V E 4  m p K   RS  d  #Y   p 
 (    #   4k
. W - * 4s&     RS  d  #Y 3c w W  6  4m n %     RS  d <@ #Y
H 

!  *
 4H 8 RS   <@b

 W UT  ^e T @*8  4Tr   I



122

  +
   

4(gG  0 ^

ET
 RS d<@#Yw x y^  D( 4!SDi^"@
-x   XY ^!   D
 4kK
8
48ET
a
 0 4k m>G L<' 
6  -
#Y  0  4   *   ^ 0      RS  d L #Y   8   8 /  w x  y
d<@#Y*4k'/Ch4!'0   RS dL
4m-  S 8/4kj = / 8 RS
    ^ % 0     m y   <  l 4            -
gsl 0 '0*\0
-   4
s7W !   f $^ m^z8 .  ^4+$#
0{
4
ET^  
4V1oW  k  J@4tC gD TH
^0
- / 4 %68h^T- %68
h^9       7 4 C ` m# 
4kgZ 

Tt 
 %G8aUmy^iT  4
-c*
 s8 RS d<@#Y
4
v
( ^0 4k0  
 %/8)e z*#Y
-C *
( @-*488m% 3  8aU0  -    V
     @ -x       +$  TX   0  ` 4q j  R ! E  D ! 9 
123

  +
   

4 W8%
 RS dL'

w ET

124

  +
   

'8/

' MO

L
H ^  .    4 m   
 % 8 G  4k %   8     aU
4kmT !1g& 9  C0!   aU4
4q %s8ET
 -0 x l
4 mRIG#0 4kBT0FC4CC  80 i^aUD
*
 98W !&8  RS d<@#Yk2e !9m*S
4mm! RS d<@#Y kmj 
 skasgsl4kL8<@G ETZ  4i  h^
1G!ET^  cC4 <8 !ET4!
F b >  aU  l 4 @  H  j       
 6   E T 4   !  D  0  k
4  k2e *R80 4s  jm% 38-N O4k,

2    S
 48 !E  2  RS  |}
 P 

!lLV( ^0 V^ 4s # 


4q


125

  +
   

 
S m ^@84sL   q  s8  0   7*
 -
 0 4h@^# (Monasticism) :m I: [8 

       e 8  !   S   4m  i    % 3 8 2 e       

gmT s
Q I*8 4  S *
 4X n % 3
4mB0 

History of the Christian Church p80 4m

8   4s F


 Vg^ < cu 
   8  \  6        4W       0{  8 
   8 B  !  ^ % 3 8 %        s  
 |   C{   k  

8 4s#^m(h 4k&8> ! 
*80[4-
4 g 
gC h!VT4^    

  0    4   $  Q        S@   }  m   %F  &   
h!T
v8-4!^m ( V 48TXTt  8 L
40{S
0  YT 
aU 4 U  
 6
  C
8  r      Tt 0       t !     Y   k T l 4  C  8 Tt 
 
 L  4 r -   #       
     4  s
   /$      
 hmX^ d  mm^%@T
 0 4XF  .Y
w
48- 58
P

'
 L 26   Y T  s  ^   0>>
s h ^ h  RS  d   0  1@ h d 
     *  k H   8   4 T    /$    
   < r
Tt  4ka Yw 
Tks^[^E !
4s^ 8S   0!5c8 T 0 4s g+^
!^ L/$  @!' A  
\ l T mU ^0  
j^ -jB  jT0 4 @V% Tl4sG
1244  
    C  .4s C  
   C  l 4  5@      8      *   8    4m 
126

  +
   
N
4 
  8 %@        
 -N[   E E  oW   V SC
History of Christian Church, www.ccel.org/s/schaff/history

aU

RIG  8Tt

127

  +
   

h www.st-katherine.net*d<8 hETd d<@G

h www.st-katherine.net*dET

128

  +
   

h www.st-katherine.net*dT8 ^ET

aUSj   

129

  +
   

 0 3 T- 6  4s  %P  W  % *


~ Tk-*  4   4=-, Tm
: qe-  @y G Y4 g+^g 8
h[ o 0  &80 0 0 H 4kLs
 ^gCC   
0 4/ %F  
g  0 st  m ^ 4o
 80 ^
4s 
$ Y
  T 8    k &T
9 
 Tt 0       ^ $  & 8 0>>
 
Tt80  ^0 &8i&4s + ^VC  0 4 { 
4kU$^&.4 C &T 0  68 (Abott)  Tt
#A&0 4;  C &g80 8 0 f
4 8&
 T  m &XG8 h[4#
Tt  8 Q{6 0  k 
0  BW&4T   0
 {# ^ &4L ^

  4S    -
   m     m   W   C ^   
 g 0 
   
4h2L  ^Ds ^&  T   $m&-

4T&4
 0 o4LlgC27o& C#  ^0
.L4!Tt80  ^0 -$!4T0  ,  U  8
e k0 4  % ^ iWs ^ s8j 0 4% 8 %
ikd4-   0 qf  -t!   TtT . % .4s + 
48 8%80  W! 8&4
%F

  ^R80 S*:8[% k!C  ~
-c4y  8pq*
 '  km  C Sk <  
4%! x  w*4rm w 80-90
V
       E k+    %  -  ^ mt 8 0    ! 5 8 0[#k     w b  v
 gUC 
*Y < 

4H^ T !!   ^6
5G5G8  80 ^ 
   8wopVl[c3 
130

  +
   
h Rhy xd4s 
^  k >a

#& + 50 < 0Pq


  ec r*0 5 -  .   /  M 9  /P" *0 G .! M/   +s& m  T !  0  8    2 e
 4k ^ ! D4k    h57:27 d 4    sH /P  
 *R8 80 4j80  h ^ d o8e
4"8 
80 mg&8
h  t S  %  T   T   *   8  8        e   H  ! r <
 +s&o%*Vbci de fe gh4hq ^, V h*TV
  m
 m 0 q 0  m >^ T s^
38
^0  ^.94mTB- 6 mh mtS
4m
h ()-d 4
 4E!2e E! 
  s&bci de fe gh<
e fo4m# 
mt q%K8 *48E! e 8E!  T
h( () G d 4&%`bci d
 \ d  4t
 Q 10   (
 M.5u0 O h MA  v
 1 @ C 50 + 50 G  Q T 1H   83 

 &  2 e 
  

8   0  T8 m8n8e i o h7:32


- )  Q  # 0P 9  . A #" 30 ,wK
 "  + 50 5< 0"A $  - )  +" 50 58H C  (
 M.l 0P"1K
 $"  0P"  =  ;50 , C  q
e S   h5:87-88 T d4< P"  x " + * - "!C ;50 + 50 0P >$0  M.l  UH +" 50
T ge 4*S C^qe !W^q4  q8g
4m !9m>^e  ^
 q- W
g4qmX F - 8! 2e S ^
 T @
#
x8f  8F T k0 F S  k.!E
T( 4 t#mTX^0  
 9m % 7s^   _\4#$
4    g CgC
  q0 T&kk = -,    z8 m. S 
<
131

  +
   

   8  9 !  af       T 4 t #m [ Z  g         af   


4. sqg0 7m2^-[9`%8= -,8 ^0  q
4-* #<  q-8x  q!  2e S*

 8 !  
% cCT 4-x 8-*  ! /Y[F 0
4qy   D v
^s4qmX !En%fD r
  me!S
0 4qchch8=T s 

 `7mT !80 `m $i  m$^8
 
  8 +   r 1   Y  D   U  gX    Y T   
4m
 T >^  qc & ^R87H: *

%  
E 8  q8 T s^T s^ 
47m8   qm0 
 % _-^< 4q#g
4 8-* *
I1L  
 4   I0 8    % _
   <  - O 1 ^    4k #   ^   ! 

  9  I 8 ` lm

A
       S   ^ L qt 4 m 
   I 8     m   ^ 
4
   q   
     I * 8  
   0   m     ! 
   T @
 4q^SE.
 ! Y[  q  !mt

g 80 m
g  8  +*   T^8
4
 mTX 
   *T Z g        
4s&Fbci de fgh e ^  ! sm 488 
132

  +
   

h
D
   4     8 TWX   
 -  i ^     4m  ^ l D (
 $ C C  h  D (  4      D v    ^   r  ! ' <  
 P-x  V~8  %I h4k mV  9
4%T sI
rm 
8G

{|  %s   4k  6 


  8 G TX   ^      D
   
m #        \  w x  y m  ^   4 -  8 S  &  -  $ l
4 r   T8:  ^ RS d<@#Y
    84 f  l
4s G oC h
N
a
 0 4!' HD
 -4D' MU
J N
8T6  Q4m 7l 8k m  ! '  RS d<@#Y MPt
 a *
    0  4  ! ' <@ = D   h 4 ^  
4km
<  k^'0 w x y
133

  +
   

Aw x Q
4ks ~  8 -Ql4my s8A8|1973!' 0
 7{ q - a
   A 8|1965 -,m 80 
 Q
4
s  i^- s *m!Q - s
 s8Aw x Q

0    x % *4RQ!9k ^   x V  -Q


1~8 g% C  Q0 4ko!u   Q

  4^ qj^w x T*^A0  4*R gs
4s  VSTUQw x  9[^  ]^w x  !|

h
0 4hqx8 Q VSTU4klm)( 4r hDVZ
134

  +
   

40 ^9  # !s


Mg    0 4k > h
|1869 s
  Q
-
[  
 8 *4?y
[  *4a r v
4km 8k-R o^ 
 9
.!E c80 4170847Vfm^T8hh
4 !  8 h    V q -   8 Q 4 a  C ^
 0   -R  ^      h
 4 ^T   <=> ^<=>  PTT  w x
4T  8Q*
*4m 
BxD  g&-Q 4rBx8Q h
 sx8+  ^ 4k# kM -
9Bx<
J N

^Ql48 SDl4s t 
tPQ^Bx74qT
V0  
y8-8-hT4U hD^' 
4q  

4 G-  4i <J^ --.(
m  gB %8   4  --.T8:  ^
   v * 

 Q 4 m ) 
   9     
4  m Q    g > T 
  ^ L  -     
 &  W  (\ - ] 4    4 m * X   <
4Q!-

    X  ,        *  R  8 0  4  X  G -Q


    ^    ThS,  S X ^ -Q*R-x 4
qQS*!] C qjX -Q^ 
(\- ]R4
X  J H  q j  Q m ! o  k s   -Q  4q  j  !    q y   X
4S 

135

  +
   

Wh
   V y  m 
 W 4k ! m   0  ^ l W 4     W h   $h  D
k >?b y
Q 
&< ?b yL 
&94g
 b 8V l=o 1y DkLm# b y8Q4
i4k8n ( V T?-T8m Tm D
w9 Wh 4m
4m ^lD4- %#b y
(Bitter Lakes)-sR%

  qp   W  *4q7 -b R%  q     h


*kT   .4%1*^ 4e m8
 (FU
h  - 4  # l   q
      *       ^     4  
 ^9   ! ^m*R80 4g -Q
4qj U
(\z{  4* W8,  
W0 < s| ^W
4s 20 L10 7I 4^


, 
AM   6  I 0 
  4 |     0  4-t
    
 |1928 W 8 ,  
 >o n 8I0 4
 <0I* *R !@ 
8n 8^ 80  - A  yz^k* 4 g>&
4
8 I8,  4#$
B-Q^8T60 !Q
-$   {| B  hp   8 :G8  4 -
T 
  4=    A   w x   m    
 A w x  (\ 8 |1948 4k L   B
46 8  *
!  B  /
|1948
136

  +
   

gu  sg   4rw


-Q 
&0
Q       <  4  >      m  I    B  0   ^ -Q 4
N

 3e -[^0   8p8C   | 4s  t   
4s | # 
|1949-4s
!E    @8 y   y  I*8
 \ ( 4op8(*4s !v9 7s8  4
 
N "
8 y # 8 4s + ^ &g>&  !h PMLKM'
N "
* sTs m M+     ! &8#& % PMKL M' 3 
4g 1$ >&JH @ 0  ^ 
4s  C  #   
 % 0  4  o !       g
   (  6 
 |1952
4s !h(\8 &g>&g   4 *- x^ #  
4  %  
        0  4 s     (\     
 y   C
 %m 8 0  -n! # 9`X!# 
|1954
4s-* 
 
 9
SC   4s
&Y#
|19664 
 ^  &Y
y |1960
 ^  )^T @! dT D-*%
  9-  J

 w x VSTU
 R8Q
Aw x (\
 |1967 4mx K
4mlm8# !h (\
 A0 4- !F (\A *4
4m%$ #
|1970
 4WT  r ^  ^ <^8% C  #
0  4 m   % C  
   9 k  ] ^ w x   % C
 |1978 4s   L    ^
o     4    '  ^ m      4 m   ^   o * % ^      
4s 
% C|1981k( )   *
*     m [ V q .   
 s      4   Q Q +   % C
137

  +
   


   ,   
   Z 8  b  C  *    4 -  >    
= -  . B#
 W 4s    #  !   8           m o
XW  X 4s  ^*s- 7W  

u
4qqm56
T 
% K8-W Ip ^  >( %K8 4
 n 
8 / : ( 4- yz!En , 
0 48T  
  0
  S   0 4
L ' y 
+qB0 1I2
lm
0@!  gA( k SV0@gAUSsv 4s3z 
QTy1990

   |  %        BG4!     s FH   s F4 
    %7 g 8 0  4 m 
 x 6   ^    h        ( 4
N
      |4q 7D     %# 5  q  i    k' lMK' QCh k  D   X  
4C
8
  ^87!-5^X8 4sgm  - 6 k|
)?9*q SV( 4^8! ^ 8
|( T  :  :0

; SC4E
8<>
  
(John L. Esposito, The 4  7m ^ 
   8 , 
     4   -  
Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality)

w ^   Q  (  * 4 - V (  V q .    >      ^  8 ^ -Q


4q @
T (\68 4o
^4

!  > {| %&T ^BC8

7 8  8   {|  6Ss 8  4  sr m  Tx       n 4    b Rx


     * 4  s  
>  Rx     
    0  4 =  Rx   * 4
VgRR 
 %& 8    4qm?T s^ 
4s

N N
d5h d@At 0 4 9 #R  4q7 ? 

&D m   4CR ^4q7  h  d\B h 


138

  +
   

4srg&  n^qm
7 <0&
{|  4EFG 3z

( T4q\8T !  q!k .  4+$-n ^
4qH8 
  -^0 
 SC -f0   
 SC0 
7 
 Q8 Z  :r%

 ^ *R-80 4k

^-VFH8    (


-Q* 98R !
4

139

  +
   

TWX
8Q+ l
WWVTWX^ 4 8Q
1 `  *0     8?
  D c4I  0U  

 7 4
w  :08Q4q  x[^|1981lQ4m0
4 7   T &    0 8    8  47m  %  8         . T  
 -Q
 ' s  q> 
  48 -Q
4ksC 
1971s^C
  l  q   (\ - ] ef K 8 %  l  m T  ^ J 8 %   8 g  T 
 Q
l R4|{|  f %8S  n g;4,   8S
 M N 8
   #4(L ! Lg; q 7 !LPG s
4!O Qj ^  %-  4-!l4s j
4m
w >s
  s  l
  P  x  - - 

 Q x 4 m
  7l    , k      ^ h

 c
 4TWXD
  4q R
  : S7l T    gW m7 %#
T
-m 
W4m0 kl 0  WTWXC p!
4m!>BSD
  j  C    0  -  8 0  4   W  bh   ^     W  ^   r  TWX
 6@
4k U#0 
&0 4 ms)e z*#YW*4
T s^a  m `*
v 4W *( 4TWX#0   x 0 Q
W    V 4 WC *s g+%&' s ^TWX 4  
4 
W0 - 8Q 4 m0 C A1*~8W k
.XL 7 ~ ^ 4k*4k W RW W^>B
  s  Y
 TWX T     0   m    h 4   ^ X   k
140

  +
   


   S  L4T sM  m
  . 
 (\- ] 4q7
* . 
Q4q7m(L THg; Z[1%- W8 
4T s8
!9p !9v\ s TWX4V W  s D
 -
 m L,qW 0 T[ TWX!E4-  W T[
4qp 
T[   W  TWX4qT\6
  \ ,  t & !D  *4- 5 ! D      W SD
  %&0 *4qm(1~8   L4m
 [
   W  4 m  =  #   ^    0  k .   r  ] ^   c
 4q   %&
 0     $ BC  0  4 V  $ 6 ^ %C BC Z     W   m  ^ ^~
4m^J%X *0 k (l4 W

6 !9 
 ! _ 8  S D  i ^ :   _ 8  s  4m    h    ! > B  D (
 _ s !E^_4 rCC  9   *4
 *4m 
< Dsc.`4q r!``  
4k 1  -
  4 a m    ^ a  
   b@ 8 3 <  * 4  C b@ -Q c@
 "m
z{^b@e@ G^b@4m[b@-Qs d
b@ c
4![ 9 iW^SD0 G
gW>V^TB- 6 g
(47m0f8  0 b@8.
4a  !8h idE  !-\6   W8b@-4  L  
4j $
- 9 8 h9 T7
 kX ^H 80  -\6*
^h!E7 47m0 kT s^ l8
H i^h
8 E  b@    R  4m   k  u T T      # IC      8 m 
141

  +
   

4 *# *.{|   .Wg& 4*@o >v u


T9s

   s    u!   oW  -x h m "> 4     % D     !


83z 
4aB:s  xx8 m8!Ux
4 @&
 J !    L       4q 
 n:      3 J [  
   &
^%J*4m!- 6H  -&8 -x  q78s
^  0 ^WE-, - 64m)TL+$#m  &
4qi -
% -, WE./to
 < 4  pssX   &-, WE
 ) 8WE2 8  9"v./
6   . 
 E 4q7mj ^x8W^)q 8WE* 0 4q
  8     > %[ W& a   0  4    H )       
 r
+q(L !0 8 4u|
142

  +
   

http://www.noorclinic.com/Book1/book1_home.htm

T^  h 4k!H ef $yE 8%C s !'0
^s B4k m {s  nyEM *%8%4k#
4# %5C B0 U @ 4kLms-
^0 
s %M m!*
 .Y ^x8s   .
4k v

s
4q t  8 ( ^ g s   T s   ! E  4   s   x  s s   ^      s
Q Q Q  R 4q t8g ^(  q 56
s T     s
u%  0 ^cD4q (Lower Egypt)QQk (Upper Egypt)
4 m0  E 1#
   p 
 Dv  s  * 4 7 s   s   R 6  8 0  4   s       s
  R45
s Rs x  Ef^_    >h m^
4( 8% 
w! 8 x#&^*G0 4yE$
?

!^ *4p !qx8   y z*4Tk ^

 
{  mm^s i^*4q^x   s
4m 
 >h*^l4m
m 
Qs  m^ >h4 ^  r ^% ^O >h
m
6  TWXs * m( aQ4sr > h > ^!s 0 
4q7
T6*4>*4q7mh

 r   8  RS d#Y4L2+ ^ s
   8  4m   
  j | 8 }s   j \ | 8 C
 ) x     4m 

   8   #    ^ 48   - ! 9 s  0    s
143

  +
   

4#  RS d   #Q#{| 4t!#  x


6v\8s 
TWX

hG 8TWX
d68s

144

  +
   

8 0 456+-Q8S 
s ~+ <
 s
8   8 0    9  T  ^   -x  r 
     4 L ^  r   T s
8 C  x     RS  d  #Y ^  8      
    w x  y f   m ) 8
    0  4 TX 0[  8   ef !  ^ 8  y   w x  y   8 C 4 m ! 
4 m!8}s  RS d#Y 
S*4d-,  0o
 4q  8}s -  j
!  v\    , 0 o      k  0  | 8 }s 4q ^
  8  }s
(Anti- C  :   s *  %!    8 C
 S      8 }s 4q m 

4 Semitism)
*
   8000   z @ 4k  
     k  r 
 gX  %  W&
0  4-t # %7
     s   S         9  m yz
  
8l4^
  > 4 
  s  - 8Q
 ( 8 8g$> D
 T4q7ml8 31  9 
4|}
 ' g$-Qg$(
(\- ]4 m0  T s
 ' g$

   s   S  "m 4 m    ^ I   J@ 9   s  D V ( (
X# 9m!9 s 4kL s ^9m-@U >
 >  C8  B#"m
TWX4k -R 1 4k!E
4qTX
-R
     .  Q    x ` 4-     > %  0   r   ^  -Q (  D
  4m   T m 
  ! m  * 48   1 ^    4 m  ^
4ks
   HFT z^
QT 
(4k gLTX . 8
Q4- 8jl  
4m D l 4s h ^& S @l
S8

145

  +
   

c- TWX
c- b   
TWXks T # .4W TWXg4-(
8 4oV@: ! 
Q4gD 
  4qp "mT s

N
'
80  V ( 
 Q   * % 8 % 4 
 & l V@  q @ "&      8

N
'
(\- ]SD48B= W89k m 92L  6  4(L

N
'
4kLCJ*0 -  g 95

 *%z8 l4k,  a *4   BY D^ 8  


    4 ! 1 G  8  @ l 4k    G    Q  8 W  o
  8 a      C 8 G 4 m 8    
 -  *  k L  * ^ 
4k,&

-8TWX
8B _-b 8,   Ck88-f sa 
TWX
l4mL,$< ^?S k 
W48BT0
W47r Z      Sg4k
4  8L
 - *
(\- ]4klm- %K 8BC >8L 
(\- ]

 A  - -x    m IC I       4q y  Z  v  S   g   - s    


% <  47%8Ls  
4 [L4s vZ 
* -. 4   ^ %    S   ! 0  4s  Z       S   g   
 
4L  9*S 
8& !D4  S  %&!
 - 4*9:a
D  SD4#8
4mn0 
%8o7mM $!E
146

  +
   

W TWX

- Y 8TWX

*    "m      s    D 4k \   *    1 "m   C  TWX


 kML -*4 %G8 MLx` ^ 4 m VX 
147

  +
   

 @ ! "m k 8 a  l4k *   4I


4-  --
$ <s   C.
~80 c  m!4klf-Q|N^ #c#v
!E  % 
C kK^ F  9f|N^ # #D , 4ne
4(L !-  v8- l4k56
  l#4m DZ4k
4ks   8 
9 % !  8ML
8 8 

#C x  qmJS*4k @o 


gL >
 mgX0 Vq.
4qgX G h86* 4q

 h       <  4  #   ^  @    @ ^  -[    % *
 o * 4m %X ^      ! ? 8 ~#4+$# %sY   +$#mg 
4m  Q^  
4   8- 
^ 14(L v8 
ML
  )lmTWXg4-4m7 /08TWXD  *!
148

  +
   

 )lm0 ds ! W @


0   M )lm*4kp !
4hm 

| @
Gst@( oT 4g >!@8Qv^a8)lm0 Dm1

"#$0  *-.4m  
Ct "#$  %&' hmm
0 m m(

0 4
 @ T C8
 % 
4qjo



!  @ [@ * 4q - L ./  |@


  [ @   *   x  4  8  %        |  - 8  
4*r x * 48 ^  *q %  !
4    h|@ ,.m#
^  0  4R [ @  T    gm 
  D          |  @
*q(  g  
pg 4m 8#   R!&r  h
 ' &  * 9q"
g&7 # G?#8   
4m( f g 

@8Q
#YQ{| 4@yE^*
@ 8 4T s^gC 8%C@8Q
 8 m 
  QT @  8Q4 Q  RS d
Tn V RS d#Y   [    h4^! S*V&
4T^
 
   A90 4 rS Q0[ 8T^
r k
 0 m gh k
w0 0[ 80 4 m1 E  
4K x8G L  gC 8^( 4k myz
   
149

  +
   

9   V >   ^  h  T @ ,6  * 4 m   ,6   L   


   3100
 Y LV330*4  80  ?Z*4!w
4s )0  6   Q
E 
 0 4 (Old Kingdom)Z&V ^ 

kNP(' ^_   0 4Erq56Q W 
G--4 m=8r
 W   T @
   2575 4 r
  6    0     W  4k p 
 w  T[ T @
L
C %@80  m\Q
  L ' 
   4
  
4m)

 Q 
   0  48 ^ ! Q   ?    L    8  Y E B\  gC h  ,
Z * W8^w   0 T d
20554-h
4\ 
& #Th%L 6Z*47 (Middle Kingdom)

T6 0Ip 
l RS db#Y 4 ^    m6 0Ip  C! Q
 -
 m6 JH _\ 0 4p@m lw x y
   4^8 
4
! bh W;S*4m,6 0pI    I8 !: [ 
4srw x y
 <


   k p  ! ' 0  S   4  !   ^ NP('   ^_  
      m

#  
 Q  _\   0  4 m  \   Q
    @ 1 4 @ W  s
^ -Q %8 4s % 38  8 ! 9^8
4% 38
(
y  o   m  8   RS  d <@ #Y
 & <  4 ^ 8 T  N' K 
 Q   
J N
(
4r80  
 89 m
MPtN' K 4s  ^ w x
0 k cQ4
   ?
0 4  (New Kingdom)Z 
150

  +
   

J
     
   
I f4m 8#   !0 
Q^  sW*Y ^# Y 4s   ,6   Q Y k
4s  ^_  
9s
u g Q4t&
8 0  %@8Y 
V
323
 -f 8   0  4  ^ l gC h . ,    8 TX ^  ! Q     I  
4ZQ %@8T
|304k- 6^T6  9T

 

N
N ' Ktu
  *    g  
 T6  
 - - 4 TX Z  l 0[ h  ,

!
Q4  != 8' l s2
      9mA-8  
  bci de fe gh4X7 qt
4s rZ T QW_\ 0 4QT6 

 
  k^0 :- % 8  2- Qbci de f
o4=Q  8$
% K8)e z*#Y)e *#Y
|6394kg
0 4*Y ^_  Q^V
_\ gCs> %87 ~ 
4^ C x  ^Ts C C Q

 ~ mA- l)e x e #Y
  )e #Y
T _\ 0 4   U T @o4
4LH 
  6 8035 + 5Q T A4 
UN

'
M
  T6  <3 S * 4 TX ^ 8 m6  -@A     SE
 Q   -2 8 m6  <3
4k  # [<3
^0 s^ Z 
#0 &
* W8TWX4^w ^8m6 @ l
|971f
Y E8gCh4mE8 Y E 98^gCh  4sr^_   ^ 
151

  +
   

4sr2 ^  56
Z Q
|1183  n 8
 mC   d B  m^  C  4  mn8   
^84?
 @  ^4A   
C{4k
4s rZ^  Qg CT6 V|1517

@8Q
o l
% K8@
|17984   ^!Q
^8m6 
 0 4<8- 88~4* W8^  )6~
|1805:
     4 t #  IC     ~  4m  " C    8 (\ - ] 8 Q
4klmo !QVf   - 4- h
|1869 %^
4^8m6 !Q    
4 a   C    ^ 8 m6  :! ( L      0  4 m  Q
 |1922
^6
Q^0 4s ^8T6 g
 %6 
|1952
4-V(  m

)lmTWX
h efd-Q 06  
)lm4) lm   Q  C g S D i^ML
D 9% 8T 4   ?W )lm4k hg
<^  @L8 S0 -* m
4^
4fTH>

& 
4m%Gm^s%   &*4-t!& %\@1-
 W <  %G0 4
my8j  0 T srT!
4s j

152

  +
   

 8$  0  L .^0 4a m {%


Q!8m 
D.#0 k*4ks  7  .gC
  %   0  4 7m    8     q   %  8 ! W 0
Y# % h0 k2#%
TWX4m  Yd h
4ka

 c830 4m 8g48! Dm^0 8S 
J N

 m! 43< !L@m
tPQW^a  7rL
 L4 t6 lD4k(L 
ht6TX 
N
4^Q#xqaR 
' N


>C 4m8/$ 
0 4m 
SD
m X g ! 9 k @ ^     >  k l jh   TH m ^     4
J N
J N
(
 8  8 MPt 4 @   8 MPt   N' K  S   &    RS  d <@ #Y l 4
+^ 
D.%s*84m[8!0 Ek
+   +" !C y
"   =
  t
" 1 r 30 +" 9  h C 0 2H 0  .r* O" h" P" "  < P  1 & - " A M$%& 1 K
 M30 8 ._01B   M* !Q   
T P .3 & . ?
 W3 #" 30   y
  9  8 M  y
 . R
     < J0C .4
 #  ?
 #" 30   !C 8 ._01B  P" * + * y
  = ;50 5
 ^
w x yD <
 P & r  $  =   
  0   0ai9 5< G = 
 W 3 @  #  < P ) 
 ! M* 
 .g !"
&
 gG>Vl40  ^87 sq 0  4
  (   h s  ( d 4m ^
 S   d 
      w x  y ! 9   h  0  H 
8h -D( 4^
S [ t &#Vv^0  m
h10:90-92d 45%2 

!
E S0 l4mT 7'!8   
   h^
 4 6%
&  Tm
8 4!   ! S  0 4s !h   s  
153

  +
   

 U 8 gG  ^k2e S  4mgcgG       q  k2e


4hm 8gG [ S [ hm

 
     8 3 <  * 4  8    S  C  (  4  W D  i ^ 

-C6
 0 4 (Two dimensional)F *4qr
 8gu
4hm-CS* 0 4m r (Three dimensional)F
 W 4 > r   0          6  Q  4 
    S D   
4  {| %   4 m6 4    
  D@.D  4^1  *%z 
-C8Q
~ 8Qz -CL    m ^0 4 6: ~ 8  ^
4ksvT s
www.molon.de* &%

154

www.molon.de* 8
Q

  +
   

S%G 8

www.molon.de* #!

www.molon.de* 

  
S 4k<f88  LY[ m6 T ` 

!'#k "kkL 48<f 8? @L
155

  +
   

 
  lm 4k L      k   s  
  < -  8 m    s   k L  ,

0i 4- 88 0 W&:hmTH  4 @N 0
' K|
4 !GN 
(Script) JQ

 J-*4k#!8T sL  4 ^ #8Q 


0

 (Glyptic Art) MLKI0 488B% 55


9k
m  ^ 
0 4 (Hieroglyphs) Y4L J-Q4s #
80 4k 8 JT @msv
 J47mThS8   
8x   *   ## 7m ^ ##
 *g
4^ ##Vq.8C&kT4k C^ ##< 4
! -C    -C  c L   4m   gE  k
   |   I z
 D .
0 L  Iz* 0 4m!zR-8L  0 - RT s
4^ 8LSTqj^ 8-SDv
4mv-
z0  m 4#!g8  8S
 
g0 4s j g^ 8  s^ !  
4q
 -g 
 qmAs s 8 4q (Scroll)&E
#! v ^D4qe!-SD4! I 

 0  dI8 4kt^1  z


0  n 8I4
kk  `8%c 47t#-& Z 4#T 

 -0  47^  () 0 47t#-&
 
8 <^ U$#`()0 -X 47 m%8 
4t
#3z
0  n 8I4qe!-: T [ -4rmC *(
4   
  4    ^ 0   m    C C   8 I 
 4 C
156

  +
   

  4 7m @  v 8 ax


  q (L 
  8  -   <     ` % c 
I* 1<-47mM -  *^ T7mnI
N
N N Nl)
N N'
 4qC *$# 
%-I  47! 
k ax
4+$# +k2e `!
C    r   8 I    @ W 4  T  ^  4 W D  i ^ 
4WD-^4t

- Y8TWX
4m   ^  x   0    T$ V   W TWX D  k
 c   Z     V  W
  0  c# A   4 H ^ T6 Y . 8 m  V q - -  * 4m 
 -  Y  D
 
sS >m! 8   k%#4   !9
4
mfXS !m-t k4q7mp 
  Z9Q 8  )!  s Y
Z[
 0 qY '(.w*c4q y #r) l q
 4qmg  S 8  8  4m @%- W8 
%#47m m [8.R4m ah9Q L
 b y
4q7k%8 Zg > !^q
! !~8
4m   4q @Ws i CC
47mT s !
  ^      l  D 4   
 TWX `     C  
 -  0
N
N
Q
K
K
P
P
 
4q-
  8 

 4(L 8
Ql4-f
N
K
P
^ 
   8
Q*R p 7F-.^0  ml

^l4 -<. XGT  -8 l4m0 1
4k,,  F, Q4f,  D

157


MLK-Q!

>

158

  +
   

  +
   

i

8

159

  +
   

8

 gb G

160

  +
   

 S 

161

J N
8MPt

(
8N' K 

www.anubis4_2000.tripod.com*

www.panoramio.com *

  +
   

Q W
0 w  W 4% 8-
w  W 4!  W D
 -
- ] 4   gW 
 w  4t #f 6           W   .   k 6  
4kLC A1*~8%&' (\
mF 8 W kgX* . 
4 W   .w0
W84^TH!  x  c4k 
R
% 8 (Pyramid)  %G*! 
 8 0 45 8 ^ 
4
rT  25504kT6  x  ckT6  W  

 j  
0 {|   4B\gC
80 4s
   S T   m  * ^ 0  4k       i  ^ 
   4k  1  
 j!-{  gX%sQW&4rAs rw!-
  *mc S  *gX 4msw! ^  h
S  0 mT m#  S hmmg !E P
4
  6q W 8 54lT  4k0 W  -  W  x

7 
4g s S  wyk' lMK5' B W  4q(r^  8
4m7mC
wl( g&S ^0 4k
Vw  W *
 W  *{| 0 4 
  $ W > @#a
500
 %sQW&4kgC 8  8 W $*>4  T s^j  
8
m6 W mgo8S^
8 W ( 4m  8 *{|
+qe4 
"#$  4mT !80 8

    q%^%
0 S4&!m
lm 
4444^ RS d  b  m
  *gX 4q
162

  +
   
4m0[C
80 4s r ! W80   ( T6   Qv^ hdE

l H   0 4k L! Z  ^    W 48   W


4 7m @  8 0 
 9 k    7m y  8 0  ! 9 %G  
  8  l 4k L m

L8  W Z   ^  4k mr Tl  l 


4k @Tl  k
S  -ST &CC8  % W ^C  8
0  k% W 4m%8 
8 kT
47y^ 0 mmC @ 
S % W    > c   ^  8   W& 4q @ l ^ gC  8 $ BC  W  *
  W   y  @&   B     4         G   h  W&  0  D
4 5  v        r  W  ^ 9 C[    ~  0  48      
     Q  W  4      Q     s   
 ) lm  Q   %    g&
4m
lm%C
 W 

163

  +
   

 W 

(Sphinx) gb G

0^4m1 kZ 48 (Sphinx)gb G D( ^ W


4
< w
-kSD4qh8&
oW 0 ^
 4 h!
 m  G > ! S; *
gX   4m  z^ W / -.
4
N P
0 465  c20185*4 ^ mr^  N M sgb G
^>h
 0 4sr!E   h*
  S 4<8  >!
S
 -0 kc4qN  
@ 0 47- 
 % ^0  ! *   k2e 4ks ^qh
 
4s 
  ! C ( 4W^BC8 W DT8gb G
 gb G ( 4B!g4 k !   f   [  D 4  <
164

  +
   

4kL
oW  ^ C W
hq W -
dgb G

gb G

8
Z !Q
m^!s 4m ^lSD#
4km^U9TWX g4-( 4%

165

  +
   

U
o*)e z*#Y4 !9 s - 8T[^ 
l4sW!b P Q*^mI8!   * W8W !9v\ s
^_  4k*Y ^_  Qv^0 4sr^_  Qw0 4* W8j o
1^-  8Q*Y 
gX )e *#Y 0 %8
 U  m*R- 8 W0 4k#gQ^L k
4Um^gG k
R80 4-    l sWU
|11684 TWX
 @

   4r Z W*
 4
  s ( g&   #$ S**
4  0 UWTWX
j * 4     `
 W>  j 4 j (r ^ ) e   z  * #Y g4 -
T @80 4 j0 4k. )e *#Yr!'0 S
|642
48
  6~
|1875

)e z*#Y
8 b ci  d e  f e  gh g   z o  o 4q  @#  8 @  ) e   z  * #Y
8 4k  s  3 8 %
  8 w    o 4 
 b  o c    4k s    %
o
q A4# 
  o     %7

-  "e  -, !  o48% K8 D   e  


4
+ )e (*#Y

4q a   -j  \     r  g  
   g   ' e   *  e    o
o  47)
g )e *#Y% 8 4-^  -8 
)^  < m^)e %#Y%X8o
 4^w 

g

4g ]  4^


166

  +
   

[Q 3D  bci de f< nkH8)e *#Y


456H 'e *G #Y
0 4sr.  
T % *x4
4!.-f .e ghm*^0
=!~ 6   !t%o4A-Go)e G #Y
8) e T&G #Y 4C 'e  T&G  %#Y ^ 8 8     o
4s a8Qo)e *#Y!8o4.  o %

I
(
0 4 mN S s  0 4V S TUoC  
 !  4000 
  8  15000 8  4C
 % K8>> a 

A4
m. o4m&)e *#Y4 20000
l)^  s  ( 4w   <yE   i^ A  m
4m=


8QA*4k

o^ )e * 0 4*Y ^_  Q)e *#Y


|641
^ ^ N   g  o    0  4 -  Q o B\ 4sr^_  ^   WU
*#Yo48E)e *#Y!p@ 0 4s & -Q  o!p@ 48
-Tm0 %1*8B*oR80 4 8&    
4
v
wnC )e *#Yos 6)e *#Y^Q
4%
*80[lo4A-QT o
  )e *#Y4

z*j

L ' MO
 
   4 m y  $   j S 3 4 6   8  ) e   z  * j
4q- 8y ( :kT  
 j4j6 8m b > 4k
jD4 { (m 
j.

l4k^j 
 eY& 4m
  48j
 4m  8.l

4-X  , Q 
167

  +
   

   @
  [  4 As  Z   j 8 6 &  ^  &   j 
  m  ^ S
      - 4m         D ( 4   . o m L    0 
 
4s wV  j86& `
)e z*j

 z*j

168

  +
   

j86&
  -  !8  m F- * 4p 
-  j8de x6&
L 9 4 D%\  J !"C   P 
 [4
de x6& D -4! 8< sSG x 8 S
4Vj8
%     j 4 8 F *   d e  x 6 &  ! ' 0  4  8 
 |1891 j *
"-!  8j4 ! z W   j4k
 4kL,  6 
m6X2g&k & C j4k
4g
  X8.  
    D    8  W ^
   m  J H 4 % 8 # W      j
8{ de x  nC 8& s 8--B  4
# 8S 30 cSD4m    DT$*4
4q 8  #S^ 4^ r 0 #$
   q- 1+$#af!    `80 4F*

Q4sr 'lTX%  L4U-%s T7mM
4k~-k*

6  &
o
w4m 
w T
o4m 
|767ss150de x6  &
o   % 8 d e  x & &  4 m 56
  6  d e  x & &    ]    8  F
o4$^de x&  6 de x%G & ol40 0
4%z^e x%G &     & && TC 
4  %J   o  p  8 o ^ N   g4AX o^8L
*o488 &^0 o'C4*-X /o
169

  +
   

8 o 4     ( g   o ! r <  4   z  ( g  v ^   o 4 m g


 }
4(L !0 
  ()0 
47()
z0 cCy ()
6& j

 6j

170

  +
   

v\( r  9s


 6X 
 %G8de x6&
)T8 @co4s  [ [ -o|.D o4qT s

4k   g  }8o4# ^
4
-+^# sW
st g*
  !8de x6&

  n
4kL    ,  C  4 LD
  -4   ng4[ -(
4 B j4 
|18166~j*4i j!  
^  8TWX n*4- /ef my^w 8

$0 4 m y-[   9 k,   6  m T  4k
4r   DED^0 4 Dk * ^ n

 |1356   ?  j * 4 7m     %    m y  ? j W 
4ks ?^mn8j4 
 1  8 0   0  k W # ! * 4m    8 W  . S D     T 8    j
 
   0  ^      
 4       %G -      - 4
D( 4 W  - 4s yz
)lm( :- 8Q*s
/= 8W -x  j  4W .D -4m!<
4%G8

W .
l 4 ( (Specialization) 0  8  0  4 m
   &        W  .
  q  x 
 % cd lR47- F8
*4 m
|975gC 8 ef^( FTX
W .4m T s
 
4p@F
W  7m *8|  -4TX
 @T

171

  +
   

?j

j86~   n

172

  +
   

T   

- 8TWX

173

  +
   

W .

 %#

k!X  4  D 


|   W .
&
   T s
-   4"$#b# TX^ i 8  * W 80
174

  +
   

g (td( 80 %8%0 0 4  


^v
  %s %%%001T % C4m
4k0 c sF
 (   g 
 
g ( @c
 &  * 8g |^^

 k* 2L  4Tm (Obsolete)-H z&Tt
F 
t    T *!1  gY
W .
f   -
4qy (
L
#$R8 !\  $Hs*( gT 
N
gc ( 8 $b3 DMK' 3$mC(  $
 =gh  .$qg     q D g*
 q
$   
  b@-4 $  ! 8 hT @5$
#  !   N gc 
  T @ T  B8$: # h  ^Y
$6D^  $+$#m . 
8S   
$
m7i  8c L  4s v^( 70   | W .
T
 4B c ?   8}!g   E  g
4m %-8 o
+ ^ 80   a ^ | W .! W8g
8 o   (    m  m )  2 TX^ 
  E  8   4a  
   6D^      c V b^
4q
E8 0 G W 47* l *!W .
y
7- %*
Su   W {| 9   W .4q ^
 sF^W *
%  4si ^
  q: 
4qm-a^:;^  o| W 4*
175

  +
   

TH >) f    = < D& b  8 3 sS@ 


 9 k     W  W  .

' MO

L
!   0   zW& k%1  8%G8j4m
4
 8Q4qT-^.8 S* *  D
Q

 8;-x8 S* ?

 ' 0 4@! &
 & q ^V&8 ^ 84 z
4qw^@ Sas
 4s   Gmr8  ^  %{ Y[ 0
%{0^ 4
lm%C  ^ 8
 -^0 &8?
4q  7{ q
E  ?

 %#
Q 4kAl*4 C 4hSD l 
S  0 4(%GS !0  f
 W *L
PQ
S     4mNKM' L TX!%#^l4q5  0 8
 0 l sr 8   o [!8L48
4-  XTX

- 8s
48F6
8s iW^TWXkT   48s T D(
TX  "m . `     1 4   0 ! _ C C  9   0     s  D  0
+4myTTXlm( f>@m 
0 4s  T 
# `     `   %  *   4 -t k  *  0  k   !   x     0
 q V 6    B 9  s   i ^   S D 4 @T s  lT47t
4k   *
TWX48"m i sq#4
176

  +
   

*Y
S D 4  )    k L T$ * g   (     r m   1 ` m  ^ ) 4m    D   ,
s ^L SD *Y k ! v4) T =
   * R - 8 0  4  $       *Y  '   n  D    %  T @  T W
, g&Lk m
 0 T WL4 T s
@8S 
4 `
0 0
* 4  i  8 (Fayum Oasis) B  f   ^ l 4 ! > B (  S D   #
 k *Y D mm^>B4 @ X - l  B Q
! -@ ,  R< ! 0 -Q -@8Q*4 ! L> s-
4q

-@8Q
^% -@k @.*4!-@SD  g&$
V8^4kL$!-   >4L<
Z     C& Z  4 m  ! @       `   - 4k o  S   & f & f ! @
4kL7r
4kl

(\- ] sT BC >^C >D ?8a 

 (  4j s q h ^  D T     BC > $ !   -Q 4    m sh

  BC >
    !  8 140 ^ U      d    @    BC >
J N
@$>*40
tPQ^  -mE ED mFZ k4-
k4kL!!@V8W kG@k -*% 4

!

4 t#!@8-  @ ^@V   m


47m4!-@-$!k 
W4 s-@8 0 
177

  +
   

% 8  H X Fv 4 / -@-gx*


4a 5W H X Fm*^0 4q- yz
 ma*^U 
 - F.Y4q -@8k8  (\- ]

 -@8k 4K'-@--@^

g@%&8/  s t  7 ~  %4 ~ 8 %&L


87 ~ 8o   @-@-
% -8 -g!qo
4a^-@

W[ 6
WG  TWX  *4[ 6]k#!9-t!>G -W^TWX
#  Wn *
Q4!@D 8Aw x (\#9
4THW[ 6> 26q j!HD
% 
 0  m8 R8 Wks ?gI>m!9   >
(\- ]
 0 4q    k&  I>m* E X 4
C  - I>mT s^qz !LL  4qXd  

4U!>
%8b . RC >*7mi S
9T mV  
   0  - *
K|
k T> ss 
" '  C. ^0 
 4k  >   s *4kL
48l*R-80 4kx~8>>
-    l 48 -    > 
 4  m 0  % 8 + %   ^ > `
-4JLK* T  4 L
48%^ D-4Em,!1 /^D *
 #l4!T(g& *Y SD
s>4k)sGls- !L<
 -4k 50 *Y  h^0 4m m)-@
4s#Z D^l4s
178

  +
   

%&
i^  kT*4  4m 
*Y D(
'
8"N L-!9 0 4k%147 %&*4k 8
48B- mh Tx^

      4    8 % - l 4k     4m 


 -  D m #    
 m
4CV 
*Y  -8&*4k v^0 DkC
4C< ^|1860!l -*
4m8   G80 4^C!b  -

!G$

   -    m    0  7 * ^  4   % 8 M  TH V .   0


47
*4sr^_  Q8^   !#  Y  8Q(Alexandria)*Y
L al4k^_  Ta8Q4L^_  Q
  m6 6

4  - 6 ^ T    l    N ^ ^ L 
  4 m  L  x R   Q
4s ^_  ZW* T

 TWX
sr^_  QU8*Y  Q)e z*#Y

-W c 0LB *4km
lm%C  0LB *Y 4m(F
  < 80 4 v O 8i0 
"#$  4mTr
4klmPi**Y  0[
 |  Q47mT s
J@ l4 ^
QJ@*Y
%&  ^CC C
(g *Y 4q*Y   
47m
 8 - 8*Y 4qmQ

179

  +
   

-  -8*Y

T RTS

180

  +
   

RTS

0 *Y

181

  +
   

RTS
'. 

D  0 k !       r ma ^%&'( cS D

 k  As    p  ! C 
 !    4   ! C   T    i  8
m"m     T s!_4!_BY( D4RTS
4
0 
 -$CC C( D4k [< m 4
W4k8>  m  k mr   *4k%*p !C
 S D  k    T s l 4k    
 T M  !  C 4 g&  g&   T
4 ( 

 

 Z 0  


4k mrQ kTUC  
% *  D
 *Y  4  !     m  <  D 4 0 ^  0   q #$ # ! T o
S %& @l4  T 8TWXS l8
8 #t 08S TWX4^@!+  %& 
 (
4%
S? kTl4m ^
4kTl k mr

V  4VS m ^ 8T4l<U
-x  0 4m c1Tl4k 4kLT 
S k -1g&l~8TWX4m!m  8 T s^T s^lk WW8
4C U T s

Y
u u  
 0   #4 s Y W0 ^*Y
  t
w V! ^4  ^Q4s  
k^ 
m M m% W^`L.PN >C
X YSAs 
 ^ D 8As  R8Y 4mLL
182

  +
   

4qj ^Z
D^S iW48 S
j 4m Dm ^g&u!0  1
4 m ) !]    #T[| .*Y 4f> ] ^
 %  8    k m  *  k      0  ! 0     -  %  8  L   ^ zt   |
:8:  8 ^& S
47m7!#
(  zt  4
 (  8 8%^|
4s i|mg^T
4mL

183

  +
   

  Z [(\- ]^Q
>k*Z  x 4h^L TWX  4  C4klm$ -(
  x !E7 
4hVWhCC h^L Vfm^

 0 !^S kx 7


68s lk
i
4 ! !@SD^R< 4m m -  9

#T 7^\
`0 4 
s t v^ h ( SD mm^TWX
HE  4 (L  HE l  m    ^  "m 4k L T$ g      k  !E    
4k]C mr\ .sGf6*sC
D (  4k # n    h .  V N ` (     Bx 8 h  48  S  m  ^
  I % % (    $  *& cC.-. 4
 VS TUT
4kC#   -t!^4^Z T G

(U&}

 8 $ 4k p@  *       (U& }  k     ( }
   D v ^ (
8 0   m  $   4k L m }   $  B x ^    8 V 4 @ _  s T
4kL  
 4`
-=x

( +
%8 #ab Vm^C4m=(H_C >-Q
BC >8% 
  C8 km*

0 4k z c Tk98 C 

   .  q   a b       - 7 ^ C S Y[  0 


 (\ - ] 4   
 C  0 
    0 m gX %K  c
4m
184

  +
   

4s # W
4q#Q
8r!x  q T7m% *8S
  F C         S   4q   ! ^  *     * v  C     
7 s8. [  +$gX%0 L4q C x T
L  k2 e    
 % 8  X ^ q 4m   0  i   M   C  0  m y  (  
4t#mT ( 
- : VX% 4m
U  X % g *  
4+$
L X +$#^X  
  mX
  
%0  L,mC 8s @c 8X

L X  4+$c f@V%f   +$c !k2e ^ 8
0  miv 8     8#   7 h   0  
 X
   9         0     T
 gC i   W 4
 \   @1  l
4k
L
 %X 4  %X   -8 , k -*v ^~4 NSD
 .
 5 @  5 Tl
 "@  7  ~     l ` ^   4 Q %& S D   
40
N  
46Gd ^  S [(\4m 8TSD ~# Z ,
4 S^~ @L m T4klmS8e  <

eS
Q7l
<@f4 r & 
j48 eS
j8Tp 

,kFg f& 4kg  k $bci de f


4K'iT
   m% _h 7l
 m =  E   M  3     i   i, 4 n         S
48 1-.
0 m
!m*-Q 4k^ i
185

  +
   

 6G8Gd `    S 6s3CG!-8


d ` 1o T^ 
4s$Tl
D. &  .4ks
4&!0 ST+4 !G

% 
 Q
x  S ^`
$0   $4 sjD^Q
*      ` 9  4m  0  `  z  
    L    4 
4 m0 1~8Q
T
 Q4s T!8QVmnV0 *% !Q
 #>&Q
  6~4E- v8# #>&:
TQ4s T (!En 8   6 Q -d[4 m
4(  E8q B#
b Q8( .^

Z 8# * 
b   4- R!THk k k - 
4asT g v ^0 4  ( - P
 9    Z   :   ^   4   @  ,       0 
 Q
 n % 8 : 
y 4s l^EI-0 *
4qmlm1 
 9Z8yz
 S   0@ gA !      4 "   ^ TH . B#  8 Q  V y  |1990
   s
 y    4   ^ % f    8   4k   -    & 0  8 (  k
40^^  -8
-V|l z
 4mS3zD  
-Q
L 8|2000
E  ^ 0@ gA   - 8 Q 
   0  4 m  o  z 
      s ^
4L
m? ( T-QLi* 0 4qmE=
  ^=-x 4Lmj ^ 
 % 8If T L 
186

  +
   

  *gC( 4s j ^ ! m.B#. z{


mv nn
 0 4^T. x  j ^If  .s  
 

0 m[ 0 


-Q4q 0 % _ 
4

sCC -* y 


4qj YD
q0
hi 4mph-   *  3  
0[T, S4
4m?^@1   \v8


Gd
< efbR1#/$8G m^n4T$Gd  m.
    4 & 8  m o ^   4     A W
 G 0    R  4 R 1
4kaT^
d 4s
0 0 51~80 Gd 4T`m!-8
1S!9mn
8T( $P^Nh ~  G
N
4k m
 vkR hTwMP' M
b$ 
 4
^ @L4*L$# 
4yE !9k   G
 4  s ( 
%' 
$qo!
 0
4mT %     ^0 4s  . < !r
- ]    ^ T D (  4 m n     -L 8        ! T 8 P
 
(\- ]D A^  4k!m 0 ^lm 8> (\
   `4k *   k` g& 4k  ^   *  m
4mkp
1l4! WkLm0  4Cum D
(\- ]
LTqS l
]R4 1
 C
4q0 CJ
187

  +
   

 N

CN

188

  +
   

 Gd

 RS d b

  4koC *4m  0 % 


OTUW-qx (\- ]( SD
f% ^0 kcS C4 f#^% _1  @!9s- `m
189

  +
   

w  
a   m!4^  ! m  

I
OTU  m^ 4 !
g z % _T4^
4"m

K% 

$! -T D4-(  8T , 
OTU% k*T   
    S -Y<-   >4mN!$   4
j^ ClD  k. 04k Tl4k-q
 4 r
4mTHC
 kT*
0  
]$W
 48h XYo - g  -D
- m= x1% 8 
 q 4m%1s8    m
8 @
>4z-. ms Z4s w
N-`r  m-
4s T $ DQ 8 S8 ^

 
'D  ! 7X 6^w ^o*4
# P SD

m W67X- 47T W6k 6^^T W67X-x k Q^ \!'0 4k
  8  RS d [ #Y*4 8 RS d #Y! c0 
4rm
, fv  - S*
$.4
#
go# 4 T#^A8X7XS* Sz
 4x^o !9^
go#   RS d #Y48
] 1"  ! <3 C ] 1" " %3 $ 
 $"UNC w
" . A X"  0P   + |r   S   !o o 
7WS-  |" .X10 -" .K
 30 y
 !dc 
 ! ek z!   0P C & 8 A W3 ! <3 C  C !{" *= " M"A  
t{| \ 
g& D*s$ o!8  C D
J
h11:87 Wd $mT 
N  k '4m 
190

  +
   

#Y  k2 e       4 a  s T   g  v    u X   ! [  8  0  ^ (  0


* (
  B - ) "r  *C  >  T P  
  :i^Lm*o s A^l RS d
 i k- s wVg 
-.  1& 9 T' P  2 2B= ~
 . ) & - )  y
" K
R
 !
h7:93 \ d 47+ ^ig0 !0 
( 4s
  v^  m 0  s( e !0  i  RS d #Y
 (\r8 V 8   8( 0  m ! c7X4klm 8 s
    r0 4k' ^'0 (\4ma (

 o   ! oS  8o4 !E  % vC8 bci de fe gh
4-  i L S  &
J N
  k    4   
tPQ^ P
!   *  ^ W  S D  0    %C  Z  4h v    *  m  ! ! 4k
0 m o6l
c4r 
r8['  s)  42
4m !0 

LM8(\- ]
!   mD!  4m 8|QCC C( Di^P
N
N
'
4 W -*`  W  J
I N  4IJ
N '   0  sWRS   |Q4 
N
4k -@ 6 9 y 8J
I N ' D 
>
>
mm^ G  0 4i ]^'*4s: 
 -
ef  V T ^ OTU   a  s ^ 0  T    8  8 (\ - ] 4  T S D   .

4kn
D*4- m   ^m ef1100

k2e  T  
4klmnD .$ _^ C $0
_^@   |}  $   \m  8 6s p@
p@$8
|2009 48
^8oe |2  qTv%&'
4qjst!0 o3#$9
191

  +
   

192

  +
   

193

  +
   

194

You might also like