Atoms and Molecules Study Guide

Name_______________________
Science ________

What are the states of matter? ___solid ___________________,

_____________liquid______,
_____________gas_________________.
Show how matter changes when energy (heat) is added or taken away.

_______sublimation________________- changing from a

solid to a gas without first becoming a liquid. (Example- dry ice)

_______melting___

_______evaporation________

Energy Gained

____solid____________
__________gas________

liquid_______

Energy Lost
_____________freezing______

___condensation______

____deposition______________________- changing from

a gas to a solid without first becoming a liquid. (Example- frost)

The freezing point of water is ____32______F or _____0______ C.

The boiling point of water is ___212_______ F or _______100_____ C. When a
liquid reaches the boiling point, it changes to a gas.
When substances change state, their masses stay the same, but their
volume and density may change. For example, an ice cube will have the

same mass as the water it melts into, but the ice cube will take up more
space and float on the top of water.

The smallest particle of matter is the __atom_________.

Atoms are made up of _______protons_______, _________neutrons______, and
_____electrons__________. These are subatomic particles (small parts of the atom).
The ___nucleus__________ is the center of the atom. ____Protons_________ and
______neutrons________ are found in the nucleus.
Protons have a ___positive ______________ charge. Neutrons have __no______ charge.

Cover the picture and draw your own atom.

Label protons, neutrons, and electrons. Show the
charges of the subatomic particles.
___Electrons______________ are found outside the nucleus of the atom. They have a
_____negative_________ charge.
Electrons are found in the orbitals of the atom.

The __periodic_ ___table_______ arranges chemical _elements______ in order

of _atomic____ ___number_________. Groups of similar elements are arranged
in columns. It was designed by Dimitri __Meneleev_________.
The atomic number is the same as the number of _protons_____ and
__electrons_____.
The atomic mass is the number of __protons___ plus the number of
__neutrons_____. This is the mass of the nucleus.
Chemical symbols are usually the same as the first letter or two of the name
of the element.
Fill in the symbol of the element.
Helium

_____H__ Hydrogen

_____He____

____Na____ Sodium
Oxygen
___Au_____ Gold
Carbon

___Fe_____ Iron
_____Al___ Aluminum

______O____
_____C_____

Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called

_____periods__________________.

Rare earth elements are ____________ that are really not too __________ and
are used to make cell phones, dvds, batteries and computer memory.
Most elements on the periodic table are __metals_________.
Noble Gases are on the __right________ side of the periodic chart. They do
not ___react_________ with other elements. They make up the
_____atmosphere___________.
Nonmetals on the periodic table include ____oxygen________,
_________hydrogen_______,
________helium__________ and ___neon_________.
When 2 or more atoms are bonded together a __molecule_____________ is
formed. If the molecules are the same; an ___element________ is formed. If
the molecules are different; a ____compound____________ is formed.
Complete the blanks of these common compounds.
Water- _________
____________
State of matter____liquid___
of Matter solid_
Drawing of compound
compound

Composition(what is
Composition(what is
it made of)

Carbon Dioxide- __________

Salt-

State of matter_gas_____
Drawing of compound

State
Drawing of

Composition(what is
it made of)

it made of)

___Mixtures_______ are substances mixed together that can be

_separated_______, they do not cause a chemical reaction. Sand and water is
a mixture.
A _chemical____ __reaction______ is caused when a _compound______ is
formed. The two substances cannot be separated.
Rusting is a chemical reaction in which __iron___ and __oxygen_____ are
combined.
__Density_____ is how tightly packed molecules are in a substance. Water
has a ____density_ of ____1____. Anything less dense has a density of
____less____ than ____1____. Anything more dense has a density _more______
than ______1____.