Impacts of hockey and

how it impacts the

students of the Hockey
Federation

Name: Chaze Dacosta

Teacher; Mrs. tucker

School: Wolmers High School for Boys

Table of Contents
Title

Number

Statement of Problem
Aims and Objectives.
Literature Review
Research Design.
Sample.
Data Collection Instrument.....
Presentation of Data and Analysis
Findings, Discussion of Findings, Conclusion...
Recommendation
Appendix
Bibliography.

Statement of problem
Assessment of hockey and how it impacts the students of the Jamaica Hockey
Federation.
Aims:
1.to study the persistence of students who are on the hockey federation academic results
2.To decipher whether or not planned games/events will interrupt regular schooling
3.to find out if there are benefits to reap from co-curricular activities
4.To get a clear understanding of whether or not the co-curricular activities has a more of a
positive or negative impact on youths .
Objectives
1.To find out the benefits of co-curricular activities (if any)
2.To illustrate that doing co-curricular activities can influence some roles/aspects of a youths life
3.to prove that the benefits and rewards of co-curricular activities will reap later than in life than
right now .
4.To decipher if co-curricular activities should be compulsory

Literature Review
Historical Background

The Organization

The Jamaica Hockey Federation (JHF) was formed on January 31, 1998,
through the amalgamation of the Jamaica Men's Hockey Association and the
Jamaica Women's Hockey Association. The JHF is a member of the
international governing body of hockey. This brings us to the management
and organization of hockey in Jamaica in conformity with international
requirements that there be a single national association responsible for the
development and regulation of the sport in each country.
The JHF has its headquarters at Mona, and has recently installed
international all weather artificial playing field which now allows for the
development of players and the
sport to world class standards.
MISSION STATEMENT
To foster, encourage, develop, administer and play the game of hockey
locally, regionally and internationally, at the highest international and
professional level
Simeroth stated that extra-curricular activities are sponsored activities
outside the regular school hours and not part of the official school
educational program. This includes sports, clubs, and organised student
committee. However he takes this further and says that by partaking in

these activities, schools provide the chance to participation activities that

influence personality development and socialization. Steigberg 1988,
suggested that participation in extra-curricular activities was more likely to
enhance than interfere with high school students academic results
According to Feltz and Weiss (1984), students who participated the
most in extra-curricular activities were better able to manage their time and
achieve higher levels of performance in several different roles
simultaneously. This ability to develop time management skills helps the
individual not only in school but also in the world of work. This is so, as
Hanks, Echland (1976) said that participation in extra-curricular activities is
also considerable by employers and selective colleges to be evidence of
social adjustment and being well-rounded. However for a student to
participate in an extra-curricular activity there has to be some desire,
whether internal or external, to join, this is because the activities are about
the student. Miller et al commented that extra-curricular are studentcentred, in that students tend to select the activities in which they want to
participate, and to assume much of the responsibility for planning and
carrying out these activities.

The Research Design

The research of investigating how hockey impacts the students of the
Hockey Federation was conducted at Mona
This research is one of a Quantitative type which will produce
statistical data about the thesis statement.. Qualitative research method was
also chosen because the study is easily replicable; it is efficient as it save
time and money. It also allows for standard data to be collected and is easy
to quantify the data collected.

The main limitation which was

experienced during this research was experienced with the questionnaire.

This was done incorrect the first time as there were no open-end questions,
and the choices which were given were too limited. This cost the research
the wastage of ink on printing 20 sheets of incorrect questionnaires and the
wasting of those 20 pages of paper. This limited my research by cutting down
on the variety of the research as a few people did not return when the new
questionnaires were done. However there were other people there to help

with this lost and were easily replaced . the instrument that was used to
conduct this research was mainly Questionnaire and interviews in a minority.

Sample
The Random sampling method of this research was chosen on the
basis that the individuals that were chosen had to answer the questions
which were on the questionnaire, which allowed them to be relevant to the
subject being studied. This type of sampling was chosen because the subject
matter was only for a specific group of people who are small in number. The
organization is a very small one in comparison to other sports. This sapling
method is Purposive Sampling, and even though it is open to subjective
opinion it had to be done as no one else was there to chose another sample
to which could be applied.

In this Sampling of the population it only included members of the

Jamaica Hockey Federation. The sampling included 20 individuals. There
were 8 male and 12 female in this exercise.
In this sample the age group ranged from 16 to 22. For the females
there were 3 who were 18 years old, 4 who were 17 years old, 1 that was 19
years old as well as 1 who was 20 along with 1 that was 22years old and 2
who were 16 years old. These ladies social class range from upper- middle
class down to lower class. These members were all enrolled in a secondary
or tertiary institution. These secondary schools included St. Andrew High
School for Girls, Excelsior High School and Papine High School. There were
also female individuals who attended tertiary institutions including the
University of Technology and The University of the West Indies, Jamaica. The
males, there were three age groups which had 2 members in it. This group
consist of the age groups 17, 18 and 22. There were also the age groups 19
and 21 which had 1 individual in each group. The social class of these
individuals range from the middle class down to lower class. They were
students at Papine High, Mona High, Jamaica College for the secondary
institutions and the University of Technology and the University of the West
Indies

Data Collection Instrument

The Data Collection method used in this research project was a
Questionnaire for the main collection of data with minor interviews of
distinguished coach and also a psychologist. These interviews are just used
to make points in the research from a credible source to take home the
discussions.

A Questionnaire is a number of preset standard questions that can

contain open-ended questions as well as close-ended questions, which is
designed to gather statistical information. The questionnaire was the main
method of collecting the data is because they are easily administered along
with allowing for a large number of people to be reached. The questionnaire
also allows for time to be saved as a large sampling group has to be reached.
The main reason for the use of a questionnaire was mainly because the data
collected can easily be tabulated, measured and analyzed.
Even thought the use of an Unstructured Interview is a Qualitative
method of collecting data, the use of it in this research was to obtain primary
source information to aid in the discussions and conclusions of the research
project. The interviews were of distinguished hockey coach, Dr. Michelle Holt
and credible psychologist Ms. Marie Reynolds.
A copy of the Questionnaire can be seen in the Appendix.

Section
Three

Presentation and Analysis of Data

During the research of this study it was seen that the percentage of male
versus female that are members as well as players in the Jamaica Hockey
Federation. It was recorded that there was a 60% of females, which when converted
is 12 members and a 40% for the males, also when converted is 8 members. This

shows a drastic variation in the number of male and female in the sport, with
females being the dominant hockey team group.

Graph showing CXC results of members of the JHF

9
8
7
6
5

5
4

Grade 1
4

Grade 2

Grade 3

Other

3
2

0
Males

Females

In the males bar graph grouping, the eight men questioned, there
were mostly Grade 2s with 5 of them belonging to the males questioned.
There were also an equal level in the results of both Grades 1 and Grades 3
which was distributed among the 8 males. The females have exceeded the
males by twice the amount of both persons who got Grades 1 and Grades 2
in the male bar grouping where the females got 8 and 9 for the results of
Grades 1 an Grades 2, respectively. However the females were on the same
levels as the males for the Grade 3 results which were 4. However this four is
not the same as the boys, as out of 12 females there were only 4 Grade 3s.
There was also an other which may the result of Grade 4 to an ungraded.

Graph showing the CXC Grades attained

7-9 sub.
5

10

1
1

4-6 sub.

Males
Females

0-3 sub.

2
0

10

The females has received the highest amount of subjects which was 10
out of the 12 members who got 7-9 subjects, with most of those subjects
being of Grades 1 and 2 standards. This extraordinary documentation of data
has only left 2 persons to get 4-6 subjects and 0-3 subjects, respectively. The
males also have also done well with 5 out of the 8 persons questioned got 79 subjects followed by2 person getting 0-3 subjects and 1 person getting 4-6
subjects. In the diagram, the 4-6 subject grouping has the same number of
person in that group representing each gender with one person.

Graph showing the average Hours of Sleep each

groups get
4

3.5
3
2.5
2

2
1.5

Males
Females

0.5
0

Females
10 hrs

8 hrs

5 hrs

Males
less than 5 hrs

The graph above is showing that for the males, only one person gets
an average of 19 hours of sleep during his time at school doing whatever it
may be. With a high of 4 persons get an average of 8 hours of sleep which is
the minimum hours of sleep recommended which is received by half of the
males. Down to 2 persons from this high of 4 persons only get about 5 hours
of sleep, on average, during the school year. This decline continues with only
1 person being recorded to get less than 5 hours of sleep, on average, which
can be bad, good or just okay for this individual.
The females ratings begin on a low of zero, with no members getting
an average of 10 hours of sleep during school. However this changes where
these levels go up to 4 members, getting a maximum of 8 hours of sleep.
This trend continues with 4 more persons getting a maximum of 5 hours of

sleep. Then also, 4 more persons get less than 5 hours of sleep for females,
in comparison to the males 1 person.

Graph showing what is Learnt for the members of

the JHF
1

Other

Team Work

5
10

Responsibility

females

8
Time Management

males

4
8

Sportsmanship

5
0

11
4

10

12

Responsibility, Team Work, Time Management and Sportsmanship are

all taught through the participation in field hockey. This graph show what is
learnt by each individual who may have learnt 1 to 4 other principles from
hockey. For the males, Responsibility is the most learnt principle of Field
Hockey, with 6 persons learning this. This is followed by Team Work and
Sportsmanship where 5 persons, for each, also learned from playing Field
Hockey. Fourthly, Time Management is learnt by the males as a result of

playing hockey which is good to have obtained from the sport and lastly
there was 1 person that learnt other from hockey.
The females on the other hand have learnt Sportsmanship, with a
maximum of 11 out of the 12 persons in the group learning this. Followed by
this, is Team Work, where 10 persons said that they have learnt this
principle. Thirdly, Responsibility and Time Management were learnt as a
result of playing hockey with each principle receiving 8 persons learning
these. Finally, there were 3 persons that learnt other things and principles
from hockey.

Pie Chart showing the Ratings of Field on a Scale of

1-10

1
2

1
1
1

10

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

The ratings of 1-10 were used to rate how much each person thought
about hockey in general, with 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest.
Half of 50% of the members of the Jamaica Hockey Federation have rated the
sport to be a 10, which is the highest score to receive. Followed by this, are
the ratings of 7 and 8 which is a total of 20% of the ratings given. However
there were various persons that rated hockey 1 through 6 which is a total of
25%, all together. The remaining 5% goes to the rating of 9 for Field Hockey.
There was no rating of 3, which is the reason for it not being represented on
the pie chart, but is seen in key of the chart. No one graded hockey as 3 out
of 10.

Section Four

Findings, Discussions of Findings and Conclusion

When members of the Jamaica Hockey Federation were answering their
individual questionnaires, the section, question 7, simply asked if the person
got Grade 1, 2, 3 and other. As a result people ticked off their grades
received in their CXC, CSEC exams, with no specifications of how much
Grades 1, 2, 3 or other. However the results from this still provide that there
were a 97% pass rate among all members of the Federation, with 35%
receiving distinctions and 40% receiving a Grade 2 leaving 22% receiving
credits.
This statistics show that even with intense training as many members
train at least 3 times per week to up to 5 days a week, for one individual, top

grade can still be achieved. There was high grade results from both genders
as even though the males were lower than the females is a result of only 8
males answering the questionnaires in comparison to the 12 females that
answered. The males have excelled just as well as the females. This statistics
prove that what Steiberg, 1988 was saying was completely right, as extracurricular....is likely to enhance than interfere with.academic aspiration and
achievement.
This statistical data also points to answer the next aim as stated above
as if these are the results of the students in their external examinations then
there is no interference by school games or training to a further extent. Not
illustrated in the research project, the members were asked in question 9, if
school games interfered with studies, and it was found that 70% or 14 of the
members stated that this did not happen. This again also proves that
Steiberg, 1988 was right again about sports enhancing academic
achievement.
The graph illustrating the CXC grades attain also show that 75% of the
entire sampling group got 7-9 subjects which are mostly grades 1 and 2 with
a few 3s for these passed subjects. Feltz & Weiss, 1984 also said that extracurricular activities better ablehigher achieved levels of performance. This
again proves that it is beneficial to participate in an extra-curricular activity.
This also is not impacted by the fact that members do not get the minimum
required amount of sleep and a few who gets a minimum of 5 hours with a

possible maximum of 8 hours. They may eventually catch up some of the

sleep which is lost on weekends and on holiday breaks.
Doing an extra-curricular activity does not only benefit the members of
the activity academically, but it also teaches them the principles of team
work, responsibility, time management and sportsmanship. Teaching Team
Work is an important principle taught as everywhere in life, especially in the
working world, the individual will need to be able to work and co-operate
with their team to be productive. This team may be a team of people to
produce a presentation or it may be the team of the entire working office to
daily produce work for whoever needs it. This is shown in the graph with 75%
of the members learning this. Time Management is also an important
principle taught by extra-curricular activities as with doing school work and
these extra activities will need a balance between them and time
management teaches this. It teaches the individual to divide their time
efficiently among each activity so as to be able to multitask and be able to
be productive in each aspect of their activities. This is shown on the graph
with 60% of the members learning this. Ms. Marie Reynolds from Family Life
Ministries agrees that proper Time Management can be beneficial to the
individual as it allows for success as there is a balancing of everything that
the person is doing.
The members are also taught the principles of Sportsmanship and
Responsibility. Sportsmanship teaches the person to be competitive to want

to win and become successful in a competition. This lesson of

competitiveness allows the individual to compete to be the best in life and
the best in what they do as a person. Competition is in everyday life
especially in the work world and also in applying for tertiary education. They
may compete to get a promotion in the office or organisation and they may
have to compete to get accepted into a tertiary institution by getting the
highest grades. Sportsmanship also teaches the individual how to lose and
accept defeat as not everything in life they will be successful. According to
Miller et al, 1956 says that doing an extra-curricular activity allows
individuals to assume much responsibility for these activities. These
responsibilities may including starting the activity on time, finding out where
the coach of club supervisor is, assisting the adults in charge as well as other
things which need to be done to ensure the effective running of the extracurricular activity.
In regards to Hanks, Eckland, 1976 says that with the active
participation of extra-curricular activities, employers and selective colleges
will accept you based on the fact that you do an extra activity during your
school or personal life. This is because with doing these activities, you have
become a well-rounded individual, which I who these persons want in their
organisations and institutions. This is one of the additive benefits with doing
an extra-curricular activity. There are other benefits of doing extra-curricular
activities.

These additive benefits are, you feel energized and able to be

productive in whatever you do because your body is health and fit. This is
seen in the responses of the members of the Jamaica Hockey Federation
where there were 10 responses to feeling energetic when doing hockey.
Another benefit is that you are health internally as your body is getting the
required amount of exercise which it needs. This exercising also helps the
individual to maintain a positive weight which prevents the occurrence of
obesity among students in this age group.

Recommendation Page
Based on my findings, as the researcher, there is nothing to be
changed as Field Hockey has a positive impact on its members of the
Jamaica Hockey Federation as the members are producing good grades and
are learning positive principles, which are life lessons, which will create the
well-rounded individual that Hanks, Eckland speaks about.
The only things that I recommend to be changed are that there be
continue of improving the working team which include umpires and coaches
to make the sport better. There also should be some time and money being
pumped into the activity to help endorse the sport so that other people can
experience the positive benefits which Field Hockey can offer. Improvement
should also be placed in the building and maintenance of equipment which is
used in training and playing the game. This includes more balls, sticks,
protection gear (shin guards, mouth guards) and goal-keeper gears.

Appendix
Questionnaire
This questionnaire seeks to investigate if field hockey impacts the members
of the Jamaica Hockey Federation positively or negatively. I thank you for your time
in answering it.
Please place a tick (

1. Gender. ___Male

) on the lines below.

____Female

2. Age. _____

3. On a scale of 1-10, how much do you rate hockey? ___________

4. How often do you play hockey.

____Once per week

____Twice per week

5. At what level of hockey do you play?

_____Three times per week

____other

____School
_____International

______Club

______National

6. How many subjects did you attained/have in CXC?

____0-3 subjects
and over subjects

______4-6 subjects

______6-9 subjects

_____10

7. What were your grades in the CXC examination?

____Grade 1
_____Others

______Grade 2

______Grade 3

8. What was your effective time management strategy during hockey season.
____Do assignment after practice
_____Others

_____Do assignment after practice

9. Did school games interfere with your studies? (getting class notes, doing
homework, etc.)
____Yes

____No

10. Has school work piled up on you, or not done because of hockey?
____Yes

____No

11. What feelings do you experience as a result of playing hockey?

____Fatigue (tired)

_____Energetic

_____Feelings do not change

12. How many hours of sleep do you receive on an average?

____10 hours
than 5 hours

____8 hours

____5 hours

____less

13. Do your parents think hockey was interfering with your studies?
____Yes
____No

14. Are you enrolled in or went to a tertiary institution? ____Yes

____No

14i. If yes, which institution. __________________________________

15. What have you learnt as a result of playing hockey?

____Sportsmanship
_____Team work

____Time management

____Responsibilities

____Other

Bibliography
http://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/26856
http://www.jamaicahockeyfed.org/
Minutes of the Jamaica Hockey Federation Planning Retreat, January 15, 2011
Mustapha, N.(2009).Sociology for Caribbean Students.Jamaica.Ian Randle
Publishers