Best Practice For Data Modeling With HANA PDF

DMM103 New and Best Practices for Data
Modeling with SAP HANA
Christoph Morgen / SAP HANA Product Management, SAP SE
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This presentation outlines our general product direction and should not be relied on in making a
purchase decision. This presentation is not subject to your license agreement or any other agreement
with SAP. SAP has no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this presentation or to
develop or release any functionality mentioned in this presentation. This presentation and SAP's
strategy and possible future developments are subject to change and may be changed by SAP at any
time for any reason without notice. This document is provided without a warranty of any kind, either
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particular purpose, or non-infringement. SAP assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this
document, except if such damages were caused by SAP intentionally or grossly negligent.
2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
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Agenda
Data Modeling in SAP HANA
New Approaches
Best Practices
Future Look
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Data Modeling with SAP HANA

Overview SAP HANA Information Views
SAP HANA Information Views
Virtual Data Modeling approach as a key SAP HANA concept
Virtual Data Flow Models
Operational Reporting | Applications | Analytics
SAP HANA PLATFORM

HANA Views
Physical Tables
Database Layer
No Aggregations | single atomic copy of detail ata

In-Memory Engines | Performance
Multidimensional Reporting Models
Enterprise Application Virtualize Data Models
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Virtual Data Models for Multidimensional Scenarios

Reporting Tools can usually
directly consume HANA
Calculation Views or
Analytic Views.
Calculation View
Multidimensional Tools
support Hierarchies for
Navigation, Filtering and
Aggregation and HANA
Prompts (Variables & Input
Parameters) for efficient
Pre-Filtering of Data.
Calculation Views
are usually build upon
Analytic-, AttributeViews, and Column
Tables
Analytical View
Attribute View
Column Table
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Virtual Data Models for Normalized Data Model Scenarios

SAP HANA Calculation
Views provide the
means to model
sophisticate views based
on normalized data
structures.
SAP HANA Calculation Views

typically feed data to Business
Applications, like SAP HANA
XS build Applications
Complex Calculation
Views demand a
more explicit intent
and control of the
modeled set-based
data flow, i.e. slicing,
aggregation and
filtering of sets as
input to joins, unions
etc.
See SAP Note 1857202

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Flavors of View Modeling Approaches
Attribute Views
Analytic Views
Calculation View
Compose a dimensional view
with a series of attributes derived

from a collection of tables
e.g. Master Data Views
Highly re-used and shared in
Analytic- and Calculation Views

Used to build Hierarchies
Hierarchies are key elements in
use with Analytic View for multidimensional reporting
Combines Fact-Tables with

Great flexibility for advanced use
Attribute-Views to Star-Schema- Approach to model custom
or OLAP Cube-like objects for
scenarios like
multidimensional reporting.
Combined use of Multiple-Fact
Stores no aggregates and mass- Tables/Analytics Views
aggregates on the fly
Build Models on Normalized Data
Hierarchies are key for multi Re-Use and stack views
dimensional access (navigation, Make use of custom scripted views
filtering, slicing and aggregation)
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SAP HANA Attribute Views
Modeling Attribute Information in Data Models

What is an Attribute View?
... are the reusable dimensions objects adding context
to data in the analysis or data flow.
Can be regarded as Master Data-Views
Build a semantic attribute information collection
from various source tables (e.g. join Plant to Material)
Measures cannot be modeled
Re-used as dimensions in multidimensional scenarios
(Analytic Views) or
re-used to model complex master in normalized data model
approach and master data reporting scenarios
Cannot be directly consumed
by multidimensional reporting clients
Semantic Attribute Information
Attribute Data Foundation
SAP AG 2011
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SAP HANA Attribute Views
Modeling Attribute Information in Data Models

What are the capabilities of Attribute Views?
Attribute Views support
Data Foundation join model (various joins types)
Calculated Attributes (static or dynamic calculations)
Description Mapping & Text-Join Lookup master data tables
e.g. used for handling of multi-language master data
Time Dimension Attribute Views
Sematic-Type specification
Hierarchies (Level, Parent-Child), hierarchy-use behavior
Define filter values on attributes & columns
incl. use of Input Parameters
Embedded search properties
SAP AG 2011
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SAP HANA Analytic Views
Modeling Facts and Dimensions as a Multidimensional Data Model

What is an Analytic View?
Can be regarded as Cube-/OLAP Star Schema-like data model
Without storing aggregated data
consumed using multi-dimensional clients or
re-used in complex data flows
Fact data from the Data Foundation is joined

against modeled Dimensions (Attribute Views)
Analytical View
Fact Table
N
N
fact table contain the key figures
Measures
Dimensions describe the
key figures and enrich the data
Cardinality in star schemas is generally N:1 fact to dimension, Left Outer Joins
Left Outer
N
N
N
1
SAP AG 2011
OLAP models are not designed to handle complex join operations
HANA Analytical Views are highly optimized for aggregating mass data
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SAP HANA Analytic Views
Modeling Facts and Dimensions as a Multidimensional Data Model

What are the capabilities of Analytic Views?
Data Foundation Model for Star Schema Fact data
Measure facts derive from only one data foundation table
Measure definition from Data Foundation Facts

Distinct Count Measures, Calculated & Restricted Measures,
Currency- and Unit Conversion-Measures

Default Aggregation (sum, max, count, ...)
Re-use of slowly changing dimension data

Temporal join btw Facts and dimension data
Variables and Input Parameters

Dynamic filtering and parameter-driven calculations
UI-prompts in use with multidimensional reporting clients
SAP AG 2011
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Modeling custom Data Flow Scenarios
What is a Calculation View?
Application UI
Calculation Views are composite views and can be used to combine other views
Can consume other Analytical-, Attribute-, other Calculation Views & tables
Approach to model custom scenarios like
Combined use of Multiple-Fact Tables/Analytics Views
Build Models on Normalized Data
Re-Use and stack views
Calculation View
Make use of custom scripted views
Great flexibility for advanced use

Modeling Approaches: Graphical Modeler or
SQLScript-based Editor
SAP AG 2011
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Modeling custom Data Flow Scenarios
What are the capabilities of graphical modeled Calculation Views?

Graphical Calculation Views
Views as client-consumable multidimensional query objects or
internal re-use objects or views without measures
Builds a composite view with facts from multiple sources
Calculation View
Embeds Analytical-, Attribute-, Calculation Views & tables

Data operation nodes for Union, Join, Projection & Aggregation
(No SQL or SQL Script knowledge required)
Great flexibility to build complex Virtual Data Models*
and unique capabilities like dynamic joins, .
Attribute View
Analytical View
Calculation View-data flows

Will get optimized and exploit underlying engines
(i.e. OLAP Engine) where possible, prune data flow,
push-down filters
Calculation View
Column Table
*SAP HANA Live

SAP AG 2011
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Scripting custom Data Flow Scenarios
SQL Scripts-based Calculation Views
Use of custom SQLScript coding to build Calculation Views
Utilize SQLScript CE-functions or standard SQL-statements (do not mix)

Side-effect free structures / READ-ONLY functions
Consume data from raw tables, modeled views, stored procedures, decision tables,
Semantic output structure is graphically
modeled
Graphical modeled View versus CE Functions

Result in equal performance
(e.g. field pruning, parallelization,
join omission, .)
Scripted
SAP AG 2011
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New Approaches
SAP HANA Information Models
New approaches for SAP HANA Data Modeling
Value Help Views Variable and Input Parameter

Referencing data structures for value help definitions
Variable and Input Parameter support external views or tables to
generate value help lists-of-values
Supported with Analytic- and Calculation Views
View Variables and Input Parameter can be mapped to variables

and input parameters from external views or tables
Allows filtering and customizing value help LOVs from external views
e.g. by passing to values of initially selected variables, a LOV for a
dependent variable is generated as a dynamically filtered LOV
Out-source Value Help Information to dedicated views

Benefit from faster value help dialogs
Provide consistent LOVs across consuming views
*was introduced with a revision previous to SPS07

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Modeling Dimension-Calculation Views

Dimension-Type Calculation View
Similar capabilities to Attribute Views
cannot be directly consumed by multidimensional reporting clients
Composing Dimension-Attributes and -Hierarchies

based on a custom CalcView-data flow
Hierarchies supporting dynamic input structures
Attribute columns used within hierarchies can ne input parameter-driven
Hierarchy properties like Root Node (e.g. Parent-Child Hierarchies) can be
input parameter-driven
Usage Scenario
Dynamic hierarchy structures and properties are required
Star-Join Calculation Views (details see following slides)
Dynamically mapped attributes
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New Practices for SAP HANA Data Modeling
Modeling Star Join-Calculation Views

Calculation Views with Star Join capabilities
Joining fact input data flows with multiple dimension views in a single node
Fact Input flow can be any custom calculation flow of nodes
Other, only Calculation Views of Data Category-Dimension are allowed as input
Dimension Properties
All DIM-View Attributes are automatically part of the StarJoin (incl. Hierarchies)
DIM-Views are added as shared (referenced) dimensions, changes to dimension
views are immediately available
Local hierarchies can also be defined
Measures, like Counters use the dimension reference, hence can reference
to attributes hidden from the output
UseCase
Make use of special Calculation View Dimension capabilities
(e.g. parameterized Hierarchies) or multiple fact-table input
Important Note: Star Join-Views currently cannot regarded a replacement for Analytic View
capability, especially as they have not been yet fully optimized for aggregation performance. Further,
Star Join-Views cannot be consumed by other Calculation Views.
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Modeling with Virtual Tables

Consuming remote data in SAP HANA Views
Smart Data Access allows
To access remote data like local data
Specific HANA query optimization and execution handles functional SQL
compensation, automatic data type translations, filter push-down, in
order to push query processing to the underlying data source system
To enable consumption
Remote data structures are registered and referenced as virtual tables
Virtual tables can also be consumed as data sources within HANA
Calculation Views.
Supported external systems and restrictions are documented in SAP note 1868209
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Introducing performance analysis capabilities

Performance Analysis Mode in Modeling Environment
Introduction of performance analysis hints and indicators inside
the HANA Model Editor
Manually switched on or defaulted switched on
Hints and indicators about table partitioning and
number of rows (threshold as preference)
Scenario indicators for

partitioned tables (icon)
and
exceeded row thresholds
Switching on
performance analysis
mode
View details pane: indication about partitioning

type by icon (hash, range, )
Performance analysis: more partitioning and row
count information.
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Enhanced Plan Visualization for detailed analysis

SQL Editor > Context Menu
Explain Plan
Time Line View root cause analysis

New Operator List View
Summarized & Filter
Visualize Plan
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Modeling Productivity Error Handling/HANA Answers Integration

Extended Error Handling with SAP HANA Answers (http://answers.saphana.com/)
In extension to documentation and help, the SAP HANA Answers-plugin to SAP HANA Studio
enables crawling external sources of information
e.g. adds information from SCN and others
Displays crowed-sourced information
embedded in HANA Studio or outside
Integrated with HANA Studio views (job log, ),
editors, wizards. Called via key from selected text
or feature.
Independent feature-plugin to install

F10 as your new friend
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Best Practices
SAP HANA Modeling Best Practices
General Modeling Performance Guidelines

Avoid transfer ring large result sets between the HANA
Database and client application
Reduce data transfer between views follow the volcano
approach
Procedures
Calculation View
Analytical View
Attribute View
Analytical Privileges
Column
Store Tables
Do calculation after aggregation & avoid calculations before

aggregation on line item level
Aggregate data records (e.g using GROUP BY, Keep flags,
reducing columns, .)
Filter data amount as early as possible in the lower layers ..
use
Constraint filters
WHERE clause / Parameters
Analytical Privileges
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Modeling Scenario Multidimensional Model or not?!

Analytical View (including Attribute views)
Calculation View
STAR SCHEMA MODEL
AGGREGATION
WITH OR WITHOUT
WHERE CLAUSES
Multidimensional, Star Schema

Attribute View (independent)
Combine multiple Analytical Models using Unions

(Similar Dimensions)
Calculation View
MULTIPLE QUERY OJECTS

NORMALZED MODEL
COMPLEX JOINS WITH
WHERE CLAUSES
Complex Joins
Complex Joins including facts

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Things to watch our for Data Movement

SelectWhere Matnr = DPC1017 Group By Spart
Refrain from moving

large datasets
between views & to
the front-end
Filters pushed
down
Aggregation
SELECT SPART, MATNR, WERKS, SUM(KWMENG) FROM AV

WHERE WERKS = ? AND MATNR = ? GROUP BY
While re-using Analytic Views

in Calculation Views,
carefully select, prune, filter
and slice data from a wide
and multidimensional detaillevel data structure
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Things to watch our for Implicit Filter Push Down

SELECT WERKS, SUM(KWMENGA), SUM(KWMENGB), SUM(TOTAL) FROM CV WHERE MATNR = DPC1017 GROUP BY WERKS
Review the Visualize Plan

to make sure filters are
pushed down
Filter applied late
Select Werks, Matnr, Sum(KwMeng) From Sales_Av
Filter applied early
Select From Sales_Av Where

Werks = 100 & Matnr = DPC1017
Select From Sales_Av Where

Werks = 1000 & Matnr = DPC1017
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Things to watch our for Column & Row Store operators
Review the Explain Plan!

Limit the number of records used by
ROW store operators (through
Aggregation & Filters)
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Things to watch our for Scripted Calculation Views

SELECT FIELDA, SUM(COUNT) FROM MODEL GROUP BY FIELDA WHERE FIELDA IN Apple, Orange, Banana
SQL is static and is always executed as defined and

intermediate result sets will be materialized
FIELDA
COUNT
Apple
3000000
Banana
4000000
Orange
9000000
Filter applied & columns pruned late
CE Functions will try to exploit underlying database engines and will push
filters down, prune columns and omit joins where possible
FIELDA
COUNT
Apple
3000000
Banana
4000000
Orange
9000000
Filters applied & columns pruned early.

Aggregation performed by OLAP engine
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Tips and Tricks Input Parameters (Explicit filter push down)

SELECT CATEGORY, SUM(YEAR1), SUM(YEAR2) FROM MODEL GROUP BY CATEGORY
WITH PARAMETERS (
'PLACEHOLDER' = ('$$YEAR_1$$', '2011'),
'PLACEHOLDER' = ('$$YEAR_2$$', '2012'))
Define Input Parameters in the

Data Foundation to explicit and
compulsory Filter the data
Constraint Filter
$$YEAR_1$$
Constraint Filter
$$YEAR_2$$
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Tips and Tricks Input Parameters (Explicit filter push down)

SELECT CATEGORY, SUM(YEAR1), SUM(YEAR2) FROM MODEL GROUP BY CATEGORY
WITH PARAMETERS (
'PLACEHOLDER' = ('$$YEAR_1$$', '2011'),
'PLACEHOLDER' = ('$$YEAR_2$$', '2012'))
Define Input Parameters in the

Data Foundation to explicit and
compulsory Filter the data
Constraint Filter
$$YEAR_1$$
Constraint Filter
$$YEAR_2$$
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Tips and Tricks Union with Constants for Input Source Pruning
SELECT
ORDER
SALESORG
DIVISION
AMOUNT
QUANTITY
GROUP_CONSTANT
Constant Column
FROM VIEW
WHERE
(GROUP_CONSTANT = A AND ORDER IN 1, 2,3)
OR
(GROUP_CONSTANT = B AND ORDER IN 6,7,8)
Filtering on Constant Column will prune input sources. (i.e.

Model C, D, E, F are NOT executed)
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Tips and Tricks Union with Constant Values (Pivot Data)
Standard Union
Pivot table using Union with Constant values

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Tips and Tricks if joining Analytics Models is required

Join Analytic Models
with caution.
Use WHERE clauses/filters to
minimize the amount of
records used in the join.
Slicing / pruning of columns
Variables or Input Parameters

for explicit filtering
exposed as UI prompts
Optimized join
Where clause(s) filters data-set
before Join occurs
Variable (Created On)

pushed down using
WHERE clause
Variable (Delivery Date)

pushed down using
WHERE clauses
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Modeling Scenario Normalized Data Models / Virtual Data Models

Building complex relational Model Scenarios
Identify
reproducible
pattern
Split big
models into
smaller parts
Do not build
monolithic
models
Demands a more explicit intent and control of the modeled setbased data flow, i.e. slicing, aggregation and filtering of sets as
input to joins, unions etc.
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SAP HANA Live! Virtual Data Models for SAP Business Suite
Open Interfaces https | oData | SQL | MDX
SAPdelivered
Query
Views
Personalized
Views
Personalized
Views
Completely build on
Personalized
Views
Customer Extensions
Reuse Views
Private Views
Physical Tables
SAP HANA Live (VDM)
Query Views
Top of the SAP HANA Live view
hierarchy (VDM) and provide
consumable output fields
Query Views are consumed by reports
or analytical applications
Reuse Views
Re-use of
Real-Time
Views
are for use in Query Views, not for

direct consumption by reports or
analytical applications
Reuse Views represent the actual data
model by exposing or translating
original SAP Business Suite source
tables into Views
Private Views
encapsulate SQL transformations on
single or multiple data base tables or
Reuse views
Private Views are comparable to
subroutines
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Modeling Scenario Normalized Data Models / Virtual Data Models

Optimized execution for Queries in complex relational Model Scenarios
For stacked Calculation View data
models, the Calculation Engine can
generate an optimized SQL
statement at runtime if SQL Engine
execution-flag is used
See SAP Note 1857202 for considerations and constraints

i.e. Only Tables and Calculation views are supported etc.
Improved Join ordering
Note, the optimized execution of SQL

Engine- flagged models does allow for
implicit OLAP Engine push-down in
certain scenarios.
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Outlook
Future Directions for SAP HANA Data Modeling
Planned Innovations and Future Direction

Planned Innovations
Editor usability
Value help entity reference
Calculation Views
Rank node
Table function as data sources
Script-based CV enhancements
Table function support
Output column structure import
History Views support (time

travel support)
Spatial support: spatial joins,
spatial expressions in filters
Harmonize Development- and
Modeler- Studio perspectives
Future Direction
Harmonize object naming
Supportability
Debugging Views with drill-down
analysis, join cardinality
Logging and tracing for modeler
plugins (preferences)
Productivity / object re-usability

Replace node / replace node with a
data source / ..
Propagate semantics from data
sources / extract semantics
WebIDE
Calculation View editor
Analytic Privilege editor
Further unification of Attribute,

Analytics, Calculation View into a
unified model
Consumption framework for
Application Function Library
Procedures
Continuous Usability enhancements
Drive easiness, enhance modeler

productivity, reduce complexity,
separate modeling intent from
model optimization
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Further Information
SAP Public Web

scn.sap.com http://scn.sap.com/community/developer-center/hana
www.sap.com www.saphana.com
SAP Education and Certification Opportunities

www.sap.com/education
Watch SAP TechEd Online

www.sapteched.com/online
Related Workshops/Lectures at SAP TechEd 2014

DMM161 - Introduction to Data Modeling in SAP HANA, Hands-On Workshop
DMM270 Advanced Data Modeling in SAP HANA, Hands-On Workshop
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DMM103.
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Thank you
Contact information:
Christoph Morgen
SAP HANA Product Management
SAP SE | Dietmar-Hopp-Allee 16 | 69190 Walldorf | Germany
christoph.morgen@sap.com | www.sap.com

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DMM103 New and Best Practices for Data

Modeling with SAP HANA

Christoph Morgen / SAP HANA Product Management, SAP SE

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

Data Modeling with SAP HANA

SAP HANA Information Views

Virtual Data Modeling approach as a key SAP HANA concept

Virtual Data Flow Models

Operational Reporting | Applications | Analytics

SAP HANA PLATFORM

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

No Aggregations | single atomic copy of detail ata

SAP HANA Information Views

Virtual Data Models for Multidimensional Scenarios

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

SAP HANA Information Views

Virtual Data Models for Normalized Data Model Scenarios

SAP HANA Calculation Views

See SAP Note 1857202

SAP HANA Information Views

Compose a dimensional view

with a series of attributes derived

Analytic- and Calculation Views

Combines Fact-Tables with

SAP HANA Attribute Views

Modeling Attribute Information in Data Models

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

Semantic Attribute Information

Attribute Data Foundation

SAP HANA Attribute Views

Modeling Attribute Information in Data Models

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

SAP HANA Analytic Views

Modeling Facts and Dimensions as a Multidimensional Data Model

Fact data from the Data Foundation is joined

OLAP models are not designed to handle complex join operations

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

SAP HANA Analytic Views

Modeling Facts and Dimensions as a Multidimensional Data Model

Measure definition from Data Foundation Facts

Currency- and Unit Conversion-Measures

Re-use of slowly changing dimension data

Variables and Input Parameters

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

SAP HANA Calculation Views

Make use of custom scripted views

Great flexibility for advanced use

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

SAP HANA Calculation Views

What are the capabilities of graphical modeled Calculation Views?

Embeds Analytical-, Attribute-, Calculation Views & tables

Calculation View-data flows

*SAP HANA Live

SAP HANA Calculation Views

Utilize SQLScript CE-functions or standard SQL-statements (do not mix)

Graphical modeled View versus CE Functions

2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

New approaches for SAP HANA Data Modeling

Value Help Views Variable and Input Parameter

View Variables and Input Parameter can be mapped to variables

Out-source Value Help Information to dedicated views