Name Geology & NRE 1. At the convergence of two oceanic plates, one would expect to find 1. the subduction of a continental plate TL atrench IIL. minimal volcanic activity A) Tonly B) Wonly ©) Monly D) Tand I only E) L Wand Il 2. Which type of soil allows water to permeate too quickly for most crops to use? A) Clay B) Gravel C) Loam D) Sand E) Silt 3. Which type of soil consists of very fine particles that make permeability of water low? A) Clay B) Gravel C) Loam D) Sand E) Silt Base your answers to questions 4 through 6 on the following types of plate boundaries. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all (A) Oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries (B) Oceanic-continental convergent boundaries (© Continental-continental convergent boundaries (©) Divergent plate boundaries © transform plate boundaries 4, New crust is formed at these boundaries 5. The earth's crust is neither formed nor destroyed at these ‘boundaries. 6. Volcanic arcs are often formed at these plate boundaries 7. Humus is found in which soil horizon? AA BB OC DE HO 8. Which two soil horizons together comprise the leaching"? ‘zone of A) Omda B) AandB © AandE D) Band E) AandC 9. Which of the following soil horizons consists of weathered parent rock? AA BB OC DE Ha 10, Which of the following is the correct order of horizons in a soil profile? A)ABCD,O B)OECBA ©) 0,A4,E,B,C D) AEC,B,O E) EOABC 11. The high nutrient-retaining capacity of clay is caused by A) high compactibility B) negative surface charges C) small surface area D) both a and b E) abande 12, Nutsient retention is highest in soils containing large amounts of A) clay B) humus C) loam D) sand E) silt 13, Which of the following is NOT a sedimentary rock? A) Bituminous coal BY Granite C) Lignite D) Limestone E) Shale 14. The layers of the earth starting from the core are A) liquid, solid, solid B) liquid, solid, liquid C) solid, solid, liquid D) solid, solid, solid E) solid, liquid, solid15. Which of the following is correct? A) The lighter granite filled continental crust floats on top of the heavier basaltic oceanic crust. B) The lighter basaltic continental c of the heavier granite ocean crust. C) The lighter granite filled ocean crust floats on top of the heavier basaltic continental crust D) The lighter basaltic ocean crust floats on top of the heavier granite continental crust. E) The lighter basaltic ocean crust floats on top of the heavier basaltic continental crust 16, Which of the following is often associated with earthquakes? st floats on top 1 Urban fires IL Flooding caused by sinking of land II. Tsunamis A) Ionly C) Monly E) I, Il, and IIL 17. Which of the following lists the three most prevalent elements in the Earth's crust in order from greatest to least abundance? B) Ionly D) Land IIT only A) Oxygen, silicon, aluminum B) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen C) Silicon, carbon, aluminum D) Oxygen, aluminum, carbon E) Oxygen, silicon, carbon Base your answers to questions 18 and 19 on on the following concepts related to energy. (A) First law of thermodynamics (B) Second law of thermodynamics (C) Potential energy (D) Kinetic energy (© Heat low 18. The rate at which energy is transferred depends on the temperature difference AA BB OC DD HE 19. Energy is always degraded to lower quality energy after itis used to do work. AA BB qe D)D EVE Keeping in mind the Second Law of Thermodynamics, how much energy in alight bulb is actually used to produce light as opposed to being lost as heat? A) 5% —B) 45% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100% ‘Which form of coal has the highest sulfur content? A) Bituminous coal B) Subbituminous coal C) Lignite D) Anthracite E) Bituminolignous coal ‘Which form of coal has the lowest heat content? A) Bituminous coal B) Lignite C) Anthracite D) Subbituminous coal E) Bituminolignous coal Which energy source uses control rods? A) Hydrodle: B) Wind C) Solar D) Nuclear E) Oil ‘Which of the following forms of energy is a non-renewable resource? A) Solar C) Geothermal E) Fossil Fuels B) Biomass D) Hydroelect Ifa sample of radioactive waste has an activity level of 4 curies and ahalflife of 5 years, after how many years will the activity level of the sample be reduced to 0.50 cure? ATS Bs C30 D)45 Nonrenewable energy sources include E) 60 A) waste C) hydroclectricity E) hydrogen Consequences of the Exxon-Valdez oil spill did NOT include B) biomass D) nuclear energy A) widespread shoreline contamination B) decline in bird populations C) passage of the Oil Pollution Act D) disruption of salmon migration E) reduction in humpback whale population28. Reductions in sulfur release from bumed coal by were prompted by A) Clean Air Amendments B) Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act C) Price-Anderson Act D) US. Public Utility Regulatory Act E) Energy Policy Act 29. The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) does NOT promote A) B) preservation of national parks C) restrictions on mountaintop removal D) restoration of actively mined areas E) conversion of former mining areas into biological habitats jamation of abandoned coal mines 30. Consequences of surface mining that are detrimental to the ecosystem include A) mountaintop removal B) exposed toxic spoil banks C) creation of sedimentation ponds D) bothaandb E) abande 31, Compared to underground coal mining, which of the following statements is NOT true of surface mining? A) more expensive B) causes acidic water pollution C) greater disruption of land D) safer for miners E) more thorough coal removal 32. The U.S. ishighly vulnerable to energy crises b A) About 50% of U.S. oil use is supported by imports. B) Only 4% of world oil reserves are U.S. -owned. C) The U.S. consumes 33% of the world's oil. D) all of theabove E) none of the above 33. The world's highest concentration of natural gas can be found in A) Iran c) us E) Russia B) Saudi Arabia D) Nigeria 34. In resolving our current energy crisis, whatis the general consensus on what the first step should be? A) Searching for more oil B) Buming more coal and synthetic liquid made from coal C) Switching to hydrogen gas D) Improving energy efficiency E) Tapping the earth's geothermal energy Base your answers to questions 35 through 38 on the below diagram of a nuclear powerplant, ‘POWERPLANT DIAGRAM. end Wa econ) 35. What is represented by A? A) Condenser B) Cooling tower C) Reactor core D) Containment shell E) Heat exchanger 36. What is represented by B? A) Generator B) Stream driven turbine C) Condenser D) Heat exchanger E) Moderator 37. What is represented by C? A) Moderator B) Pressure shield C) Coolant passage —_D) Hot water input E) Control rod 38, What is represented by D? A) condenser B) heat exchanger C) emergency cooling system D) control rod E) nuclear fuel39. Which of the following is not an advantage of using coal as an energy source? A) Prices remain low due to government subsidies B) Coal produces ahigh net energy yield C) Coal mining is relatively easy and safe. D) Currently, there is an abundant source E) Coal is easily convertible to other energy forms 40. Fossil fuels produce all of the following except A) acid rain B) air pollution C) energy supply D) global warming E) nuclear energy supply 41. Which of the following is (are) not a fossil fuel? 1. Coa, Il, Ethane II]. Methane IV. Uranium A) only ©) Land mI E) All are fossil fuels 42. Which of the following statements about nuclear power is true? B) Ilonly D) Wand IV ‘A) Nuclear fuel is a cheap and abundant resource B) Nuclear power plants last longer and are cheaper to decommission than conventional power plants C) Nuclear plants prodi conventional plants D) Nuclear waste can be used to create dangerous weapons E) None of the above 43. Oil shale needs to undergo which of the following processes in order to extract hydrocarbons for fuel? e less dangerous waste than A) Primary production B) Secondary recovery C) Destructive distillation D) Fractional distillation E) Scrubbing 44. Compared to nuclear power plants, coal-fired power plants A) disrupt less land due to surface mining B) have higher costs C) are more efficient D) give offless CO2 E) are less dangerous to humans Electric Power Industry Net Generation (3,820 million megawatthours) +000 A 45. Based on the above graph made in 1998, whic nonreneweble resource most likely is represented by A? A) Oil B) Hydropower C) Nuclear D) Coal E) Natural gas 46. Which of the following statements about nuclear power is TRUE? A) Ithas higher CO2 emissions than coal B) It disrupts less land from surface mining. C) There is a higher supply of uranium than coal D) It emits more air pollution than coal. E) Itkills more people without accidents 47. Which of the below substances is NOT derived from petrochemicals? A) PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes B) weed killer C) polyester D) asphalt E) spandex48. 49 50 51 53 All of the combustible fuels such as oil, gas, and coal all mainly consist of which element? A) Carbon, B) Oxygen C) Hydrogen D) Nitrogen E) Sulfur ‘Which of the following energy sources have the largest environmental impact ifno accidents occur? A) Petroleum B) Natural gas C) Coal D) Nuclear E) Oil ‘Which of the following types of energy sources are often separated into different components by differing boiling points through distillation producing petrochemicals that are used in products such as pesticides, plastics, medicines, and paint? A) Coal B) Crude oil C) Natural gas D) Tar sand E) Kerogen Nowadays, the US derives most of its commercial energy fom A) oil C) coal E) nuclear energy B) natural gas D) wind energy Base your answer to the following question on the following countries (A) China (©) Brazil (©) United States of America (©) Spain © Russia Country that is the world's largest user of coal AA BB Qc DD HE ‘The most serious nuclear reactor accident in the United States occurred at A) Indien Point C) Chemobyl E) Mount Saint Helens B) Three Mile Island D) Los Alamos 54 58 56 57. In the United States, the majority of coal-buming plants are located A) in the Midwest B) in the Pacific Northwest C) in the Northeast D) in the Southeast E) in the Southwest Mining companies are able to remove mineral resources worth $2-3 billion dollars per year on once-public land that they bought at very low prices under a certain US law. Also there is no provision in the law forcing the companies to pay for environmental cleanup in this law, which will cost US taxpayers $33-72 billion, ‘Which law allows mining companies to do this? A) Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 B) General Mining Law of 1872 C) Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 D) Homestead Act of 1862 E) Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965 The "dust bow!" of the 1930's led to the enactment of which of the following legislation? A) The Soil Conservation Act B) The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act C) The Waste Reduction Act D) The Homestead Act E) The National Park Service Act ‘Which of the following would have the most beneficial impact on the environment? A) Discovery of new oil reserves B) Decreased infant mortality rates in developing nations C) Effective population control D) Increased livestock production in developing nations E) Switching from coal energy to nuclear energy58. Which of the following is NOT a way in which oil spills are commonly cleaned up? A) Pumping oil into water processing plants along the shore B) Using coagulating agents to cause floating oil to clump together for easier pickup C) Buming the oil D) Using absorbent pads or large mesh pillows to soak up oil E) Using dispersing agents to break up oil slicks 59. According to conservationists, opening the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil extraction would definitely result in A) damage to the natural habitat that would require expensive restoration B) little damage to the natural balance C) large reserves of oil that would replace foreign imports D) extreme decreases in primary consumer populations E) along-term solution for U.S. energy needs 60 ‘A farmer complains that her soil for a potted plant does not aerate well enough and absorbs water too slowly ‘What kind of soil should she mix up with the soil in the pot? A) Silty clay B) Gravel C) Clay D) Silt E) Sand Base your answer to the following question on the following soil horizons. (A) Ahorizon (©) B horizon (© Chorizon (©) Ohorizon © Ehorizon Most of the humus and small insects can be found in the AA B)B C) AandD D) Band E) AandEAnswer Key Geology and NRE ef +f of +] 2] |e] &] 4] =| <| <| ol =| «| |=] | =] «| 2] <| <| 4] 4] 54 55 56 57. 58 59 0. 61 <4 2 2] «ll «|| <] 4] =| «| <|=|4| +] =| 2] 4] <9] 2| «| >|] =| =| =| 10. u 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 0. 1 SASSRRARRARRARAR