Red Bull

1. carbonated water- water and carbon dioxide which hydrates the

cells in the body along with a slight side effect of bloating or discomfort.
2. sucrose- simple sugar, can be converted into a form for entry into
the primary metabolic pathway in which the chemical energy of its bonds is
converted into ATP, the primary energy molecule in the body.
3. glucose- simple sugar, enters the primary metabolic pathway in
which the chemical energy of its bonds is converted into ATP, the primary
energy molecule in the body.
4. sodium citrate- acid, sodium citrate regulates the acidity of a food
or drink.
5. taurine- non-essential amino acid, improved reaction time,
concentration and memory, essential amino acid for cats.
6. glucuronolactone- simple saccharide (sugar), it is a normal human
metabolic byproduct formed from glucose. glucuronolactone is found in
connective tissue in animals. also regulates formation of glycogen. small
amounts shouldnt be harmful.
7. caffeine- stimulant, improve memory and reasoning responses on
test; 3-9mg of caffeine an hour before exercise improves endurance running and
cycling in athletes. no adverse effects in humans have been documented.
8. inositol- vitamin b (sugar), controls cholesterol levels and has
potential antioxidant capabilities.
9. niacin- vitamin, derivatives such as NADH are required for
metabolism. it is said to aid in the synthesis of amino acids, the subunits of
proteins. it has not been directly linked to improving athletic performance.
10. D-pantothenol11. pyridoxine HCL- synthetic vitamin b-5, precursor of coenzyme a.
helps you use fats and carbs to make molecules used for energy. involved in
more than 100 different metabolic pathways including energy metabolism of
carbs, proteins and lipids, and the synthesis of lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid
hormones, porphyrins, and hemoglobin. It's found in a wide array of energy
drinks and supplements, but its toxicity has not been evaluated.
12. vitamin B12- vitamin, water soluble, performs a key role in brain
functioning and the formation of blood.
13. artificial flavors14. colors- sugar/carbs, oxidized until desired color is reached.

Sobe Adrenaline Rush

1. filtered water- water, hydrates the body.

2. high fructose corn syrup- processed sugar, isnt broken down
easily.
3. citric acid- organic acid, it is a precursor for the citric acid cycle,
which is a major pathway in the cells production of chemical energy.
4. taurine- non-essential amino acid, improved reaction time,
concentration and memory, essential amino acid for cats.
5. d-ribose- sugar, found largely in nature, is the backbone for RNA.
6. 1-carnitine- amino acid, carries long fatty chains to the
mitochondria so it can be oxidized and create energy.
7. natural flavor- made in labs to create a good flavor.
8. inositol- vitamin b (sugar), controls cholesterol levels and has
potential antioxidant capabilities.
9. sodium citrate- acid, gives a sour salty flavor, used to preserve
and flavor.
10. ascorbic acid- vitamin c, humans dont produce it but we do need
to eat it to get it.
11. caffeine- stimulant, improve memory and reasoning responses on
test; 3-9mg of caffeine an hour before exercise improves endurance running and
cycling in athletes. no adverse effects in humans have been documented.
12. monopotassium phosphate- salt,
13. salt- NaCl, used to preserve food, affects kidneys and allows the
body to hold more water which increases blood pressure.
14. gum arabic- sugar, thickens liquids (also used in glue, paints, and
gum)
15. ester gum- used so oil stays suspended in water.
16. siberian ginseng root extract- used to enhance athletic abilities,
like the amount of time that they can endure.
17. pyridoxine hydrochloride- vitamin b6, dietary supplement
18. guarana seed extract- plant that is grounded down to power and
provides a lot of caffeine.
19. caramel color- sugar, made with carbs or paired with an acid.
20. beta-carotene- red-orange pigment found naturally in many plants.
21. folic acid- vitamin, required for metabolism of carbon compounds,
nucleic acids, and amino acids.
22. cyanocobalamin- vitamin b12, important for growth, cell
reproduction, blood formation, and protein and tissue synthesis.

XS Citrus Blast

Carbonated Water- carbon dioxide with water, eases symptoms of indigestion, bloating
1-taurine-amino acid, protein building, builds muscle, may improve athletic performance
1-glutamine-amino acid, decrease mental and physical stress, build muscles
Citric Acid- organic acid, stops bacteria from growing, preservative
Eleutherococcus-aids body in responding to stress, maintain homeostasis, siberian ginseng
Senticosus-helps body respond to stress
Panax Ginseng- maintain homeostasis
Panax- quinquefolium- american ginseng
Echinacea purpurea- fights infection, helps immune system, helps cells become more efficient
Schisandra- fruit, helps maintain homeostasis, helps body deal with stress
Astragalus- boosts body's immune system
Reishi-help with liver problems, arthritis
Acesulfame Potassium-sweetener, doesnt harm the body, 200x more potent than real sugar
caffeine- stimulant to CNS, doesnt replenish energy
sodium benzoate-acid, worsen hyperactivity
potassium sorbate-acid, stop fungal from going
sucralose-sugar substitute, birth defects and immune dysfunction may accumulate over time
niacin-vitamin, improve cholesterol levels, maintain metabolism
pantothenic- vitamin B complex, helps body use fat
pyridoxine HCL-vitamin, enzyme for synthesis of amino acids, energy production
yellow 5-food coloring, increase hyperactivity
cyanocobalamin- vitamin, important for growth, maintain metabolism
Impulse
Carbonated Water-carbon dioxide mixed with water, helps indigestion
Sucrose-sugar, converts into ATP
taurine-non-essential amino acid, improve reaction time and concentration
caffeine-psychoactive substance, CNS stimulant
citric acid-organic acid, pathway in cell production of chemical energy
pyridoxine hcl-vitamin B-6, energy production, healthy nervous system
niacinamide-water soluble vitamin, metabolism
inositol-sugar in vitamin B, control cholesterol levels
glucuronolactone-sugar, human metabolic byproduct formed by glucose

1. When we say that something gives us energy, what does that mean? What is a
biological definition of energy?

Your metabolism burns calories which results in energy. The strength and vitality required for
sustained physical or mental activity.
2. What is the physiological role of each of the molecules in your table?
a. Which ingredients provide energy? How do they do that?
Caffeine, Glucose, Glucuronolactone, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxine HCL,
Sucrose, and Taurine provide energy.
b. Which ingredients contribute to body repair, help build or rebuild
muscle tissue?
Taurine, water, glucuronolactone, niacin, pyridoxine HCL, and pantothenic contribute to
muscle repair.
3. In what ways might the one(s) that does (do) not have a metabolic energy source
(caffeine) provide the perception of increased energy after consumption?
Studies for caffeine have shown ingesting 3-9mg of caffeine an hour before physical activity
improves endurance.Other ingredients such as glucose, sucrose, glucuronolactone, and inositol
are types of sugars that produce energy. Pantothenic Acid helps make molecules out of fats and
carbohydrates for energy. Pyridoxine HCL is used for energy production also.
4. How are the ingredients in these drinks helpful to someone expending a lot of
energy, e.g., a runner?
The ingredients in these drinks would benefit a long distance runner because it would rebuild
their cells and allow her the energy to keep going.
5. Does your analysis substantiate the claim that this is an energy drink? If so,
what molecules are the sources of energy?
Due to all the ingredients in Red Bull that provide energy, this is an "energy drink." Also because
it has high levels caffeine, sugar, and other stimulants. The marketing claims Rhonda presented
are true. It is for periods of physical and mental exertion, mainly physical. Caffeine and Taurine
does improve your concentration and reaction speed. Niacin, Pantothenic acid, and Pyridoxine
HCL do stimulate your metabolism.
6. Could your drink serve different purposes for different consumers? Explain.
Yes, We all need that little boost of energy to get us through the day. Red Bull can be that little
push to help us accomplish any activities throughout the day. Anybody who drinks it will get the
same purpose, energy. No matter who drinks it.
7. What is the normal physiological response to increased intake of sugars? to
increased intake of caffeine?
Sugars: It results in an increase of insulin production, and extra stored glucose in your liver. If
the stored glucose is not used it turns into fat.
Caffeine: Heart rate is increased, insomnia occurs, get the "jitters" and your blood pressure is
increased.
8. Is there such a thing as a sugar high? Explain your answer.
"Sugar high" is the term used to describe the energetic behavior after eating foods with a high
level of sugar. The answer is no, there is no such thing as a "sugar high." When glucose enters
the body, the pancreas releases insulin.
If the pancreas releases in excess amount of insulin, it is known as hypoglycemia. Which is the
complete opposite of a sugar high.

9. Evaluate, in terms of basic physiology and biochemistry, the statement: A lack of

sleep causes a lack of energy.
Sleep loss affects the body's metabolism. It doesn't store carbohydrates and the body isn't able
to disperse the ATP throughout the body. Resulting in the body not having enough energy.
10. Are the product claims legitimate? Why?
Any of various types of beverage that are considered a source of energy containing a high
percentage of sugar and/or caffeine or other stimulant.
11. Should you simply buy a can of Coke rather that one of these energy drinks?
Why/why not?
In terms of calories, all the other drinks have less than 140 calories besides sobe adrenaline
rush and Coke has 140 they both have carbonated water, sucrose and caffeine. The difference
is Coke has phosphoric acid and natural flavors but no glucose, sodium citrate, taurine,
glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, D-pantothenol, pyridoxine HCL, vitamin B12, artificial flavors,
and colors so, Red Bull is better than Coca Cola if you want more energy.