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3. The 4.5 billion UK confectionary industry is dominated by three big firms.

Cadbury with26.8% market share , Mass with 19.1% and Nestle with 15.6%. One
way in which they compete by supplying lots of different brands. All three spend
heavily on TV advertising. For example , in 2009 Nestle launched a 21 million
advertising campaign.
(a) Identify two evidences that suggest that UK confectionary industry is oligopoly.
(2)
(b) Firms can compete by non price competition. Briefly explain two types of nonprice competition.(4)
(c) What is geographical collusion?
(2)
4. Show time Arabia and Orbit are both pay TV channels. In 2009, the two broad
casters merged. The deal brings together the two core network operators
comprising programming ,marketing, distribution, broad-cast technology and
subscribe management system.
(a)What type of integration is described in this case? Explain briefly.
(3)
(b) How might the business could benefit from the merger?
(3)

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