ARYAMAN VIKRAM BIRLA INSTITUTE OF LEARNING, HALDWANI.

A PROJECT SUBMITTD FOR

C.B.S.E. PHYSICS PRACTCAL
EXAMINATION- 2016

Full Wave Rectifier

Submitted toDr. Gagan Majhi
Teacher (Physics)

Compiled ByRaunak Pant

XII c

CERTIFICATE
This is hereby to certify that the original and genuine investigation work has been carried
out to investigate about the subject matter and the related data collection and investigation
has been completely solely, sincerely and satisfactorily by LAVISH YADAV of class-XII(A),
NATIONAL ACADEMY, regarding his project titled FULL-WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIERThis is a
bonafied work carried out by the above candidate under my supervision and guidance.
I glad fully approved hIS work.

DR. GAGAN KUMAR MAJHI

PGT PHYSICS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
From the depth of my heart I express my deep sincere gratitude to the Almighty for the
Blessings that had bestowed upon me to do this work. THIS PROJECT IS DEEPLY
DEDICATED TO Dr. GAGAN MAJHI WHO HAS GUIDED ME VERY WELL TO COMPLETE
THIS PROJECT. I THANK HIM FOR HIS SUPPORT AND GUIDANCE WHICH HE HAS GIVEN

ME. ALSO I WANT TO THANK My parents FOR THEIR INTENSIVE SUPPORT.AND my

FRIENDS FOR their help
THANKS A LO T..!!

CONTENTS:

THEORY

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CONSTRUCTION

WORKING OF BRIDGE RECTIFIER

GRAPH

MERITS AND DEMERITS OF FULL WAVE RECTIFIER OVER HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

Aps

INTRODUCTION
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which
periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one
direction. The process is known as rectification.

A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one of constant polarity
(positive or negative) at its output. Full-wave rectification converts both polarities of the
input waveform to DC (direct current), and is more efficient. However, in a circuit with a
non-center tapped transformer, four diodes are required instead of the one needed for half-

wave rectification. Four diodes arranged this way are called a diode bridge or bridge
rectifier:

Circuit Diagram:-

Construction:The diodes labelled D1 to D2 are arranged in "series pairs" with only two diodes conducting
current during each half cycle. During the positive half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and
D4 conduct in series while diodes D2 and D3 are reverse biased and the current flows
through the load as shown below.
Working of Bridge Rectifier:During the positive input half cycle terminal M of the secondary is positive and N is
negative. Diode D1 and D3 becomes forward bias where as D2 and D4 are reversed bias.
Hence the current flows along point M, E, A, B, C, F and N producing a drop across

RL.During the negative input half cycle secondary terminal N becomes positive

and M is negative. Now D2 and D4 are forward bias and D1 and D3 are reversed
bias. Now the current flows along points N, E, A, B, C, F and M. Hence we find that
current keeps flowing through load resistance RL in the same direction (A, B).
during both half cycles of the AC input the point A of the bridge rectifier always
acts as an anode and point C as cathod. It frequency is twice that of supply
frequency.

Graph:-

Merits and Demerits of Full-wave Rectifier over Half-Wave Rectifier:-

Merits:. The rectification efficiency of full-wave rectifier is double of that of a half-wave rectifier.
.The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency in case of a full-wave rectifier so simple filtering circuit is
required.
.Higher output voltage higher output power and higher TUF in case of a full-wave rectifier.
.In a full-wave rectifier, there is no problem due to dc saturation of the core because the dc currents in the two
halves of the transformer secondary flow in opposite directions.
Demerits:Full-wave rectifier needs more circuit elements and is costlier.

Applications
The primary application of rectifiers is to derive DC power from an AC supply. Virtually all electronic
devices require DC, so rectifiers find uses inside the power supplies of virtually all electronic equipment.

Converting DC power from one voltage to another is much more complicated. One method of DC-to-DC
conversion first converts power to AC (using a device called an inverter), then use a transformer to change
the voltage, and finally rectifies power back to DC.
Rectifiers also find a use in detection of amplitude modulated radio signals. The signal may be amplified
before detection, but if un-amplified, a very low voltage drop diode must be used. When using a rectifier for
demodulation the capacitor and load resistance must be carefully matched. Too low a capacitance will result
in the high frequency carrier passing to the output and too high will result in the capacitor just charging and
staying charged.
Rectifiers are also used to supply polarised voltage for welding. In such circuits control of the output
current is required and this is sometimes achieved by replacing some of the diodes in bridge rectifier with
thyristors, whose voltage output can be regulated by means of phase fired controllers.
Thyristors are used in various classes of railway rolling stock systems so that fine control of the traction
motors can be achieved. Gate turn-off thyristors are used to produce alternating current from a DC supply,
for example on the Eurostar Trains to power the three-phase traction motors.
THE END