Biology Investigatory Project

Effects of Fertilisers, Manure and Polythene

on therate of elongation of the Hypocotyl

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that SHAHBAN ALIof Class XII

Science has prepared the investigatory chemistry
project entitled To Study the digestion of starch
by salivary amylase and effect of temperature
and pH on it. The report is the result of his efforts &
endeavors.
The report is found worthy of acceptance as final project
report for the subject Chemistry of Class XII. He has
prepared the report under my guidance.

(Mr. S.P. Gupta)

PGT (Chemistry)
Department of Chemistry
Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria.

Department of Chemistry
Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria
CERTIFICATE

The investigatory project entitled

To Study the digestion of starch by
salivary amylase and effect of
temperature and pH on it
Submitted by SHAHBAN ALI ofClass XII
Science for the C.B.S.E Senior Secondary
Examination
class
XII
of
Chemistry
Practical at Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria
has been examined.

SIGNATURE OF
EXAMINER

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work
entitled
To Study the digestion of starch
by salivary amylase and effect of
temperature and pH on it,
submitted toDepartment of
Chemistry, Kendriya Vidyalaya
Khagaria is prepared by me.

SHAHBAN ALI
Class XII
Science

ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT
I would like to express a deep sense of thanks & gratitude to my
project guide Mr. S.P. GuptaSir for guiding me immensely through the
course of the project. He always evinced keen interest in my work. His
constructive advice & constant motivation have been responsible for the
successful completion of this project.
My sincere thanks go to Shri Yeshdeep Rohilla, Our principal sir,
for his co-ordination in extending every possible support for the
completion of this project.
I also thanks to my parents for their motivation & support. I must
thanks to my classmates for their timely help & support for compilation
of this project.
Last but not the least; I would like to thank all those who had
Helped directly or indirectly towards the completion of this project.

SHAHBAN ALI

Class: XII Science

CONTENTS
1. Certificate by Teacher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Certificate by Examiner. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Acknowledgement. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Material Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.
11.

CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

Selection
The given topic was selected by me as I
found this to be achallenging task to
complete and also very important
knowledge to gain from it. It is nowadays
noticed that in the pollution is increasing
in our environment, and it is extremely
important for all of us to know its effects
on ourselves and the naturalsurroundings.
Plants are the only source to purify our
atmosphere and provide food to this
world. Even the carnivorous animals are

indirectly dependent on plants for their

food.
It is very important for us to know the
best way of living in this universe without
harming
it
and
ultimately
living
peacefully. Therefore, I have selected this
topic as my project as it gives the
answers to my questions.

Contents
1)
Objective...................................................
.........
2)
Introduction...............................................
........

3) Materials
acquired.
4)
Methodology
.
5)
Observation
.
6)
Graph
..
7)
Results
.
8) Data
Analysis
..
9)
Conclusion
..

10)
Recommendation
..
11)
Bibliography

Objective
Main Objective: - To study the effect
of fertiliser, manure and polythene
on the growth of the hypocotyl of a
seed.

Specific
Objective:Through
continuous
observation
of
the
growth of plants in fertiliser, manure
and polythene the most suitable soil
conditions for a typical plant can be
observed. By observing such soil
conditions, the productivity and
growth of plants can be checked.

Introduction
Three anthocyanins were found in Vigna
radiata (greengram) accessions with
black seed coat, but were absent in
cultivars having green seed coat. Vigna
mungo (blackgram) had only one of them.
The same 3 anthocyanins were found in
cultivars with purple red hypocotyl of

Vigna radiata accessions but were absent

in the ones with green hypocotyls.Vigna
mungo with purple red hypocotyls
showed
the
presence
of
two
anthocyanins. One common to both was
identified as delphinidin-3-glucoside and
the
other
is
probably
cyanidin-3glucoside. Among the two accessions of
Vigna radiata varsublobata examined,
one was similar to Vigna radiata
accessions with black seed coat having
delphinidin-3-glucoside and two other
anthocyanins, while the other resembled
Vigna mungo having only delphinidin-3glucoside in seed coat and both
delphinidin and cyanidin-3-glucosides in
hypocotyl. Chlorophyll content of the seed
coats was in the following decreasing
order: green, black, brown and yellow.

Materials
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Pots- 3
Gram seeds 10-12
Fertiliser
Manure
Polythene

6)
7)

Beaker
Soil

Methodology
During the Making of this project, the
following steps were followed: Pots, gram seeds, along with fertiliser,
manure and polythene and other
materials were brought and the pots
were prepared to be sown.

 Seeds were planted and watered.

Fertiliser was added to the first pot,
named as Pot A. Observations were
recorded for that day.
Manure was added to the second pot,
named as Pot B the next day.
Polythene was added to the third pot,
named as Pot C the following day,
and regular observations were made.
Watering and regular observation was
being taken for 27 days.
After the observation of plants and
their
growth,
observation
was
compiled and data analysis was made.
Conclusion was drawn from the data
analysis for the three cases of planted
gram seeds.

Observations
Observations were recorded regularly for
27 days and the following data was
gathered:Number of seeds planted in

1)
2)
3)
DAY 1
S. No.

Pot A- 4
Pot B- 5
Pot C- 3
Length of Hypocotyl (in cm)
POT B(Manure)
POT C(Polythene)

1.

POT
A(Fertiliser)
3

2.

3.

4.

(not germinated)

DAY 2
5.

6.

7.

8.

Not germinated

11

10.

11

11.

15

12.

10
5
2
Died

20
18
16
20
11

23
24
25

12
5
2

22
20
18
14
23

25
17
25

DAY 3
9.

4
4

DAY 8

DAY 9

DAY

10
15
6
2

23
22
20
15
25

25
29
24

18
15
Died

25
19
30
24
Died

24
Died
Died

18
16

25
20
25
32

25

16

20

Died

Died

32
Died
Died

17

21
35

Died

Died

37

Died

DAY
15

DAY
16

DAY
18

DAY
19

DAY
27

There are some gaps in the

observation as the school was closed
during that time and I am unable to
record the observations.

Graph
180

160

140

120
Day 27
Day 19
100

Day 18
Day 16
Day 15
Day 10

80

Day 9
Day 8
Day 3
Day 2

60

40

20

Day 1

Data Analysis
According to the above observations, the
following analysis was made:
Due to access of fertiliser, some
plants in POT A died.

Due to lack of water for some

continued days, some plants had
dried.

Seeds germinated in POT C died

soon because of polythene present in
the pot, which hampered their proper
absorption of nutrients.

Plants in POT B were best grown in

height and persisted for a long time.

Growth of plants planted in POT A

was medium all over and can be
considered as average.

Water consumption by the gram

seeds was considerably low.

Conclusion
From the above data analysis, following
conclusions can be drawn: Access of fertiliser can be harmful for
germinating seeds. However, if used in
an appropriate amount, fertilisers can
be beneficial for plants.
Growth of plants can be observed
best in manure, as it is a natural
extract, and can supply better quality
of nutrients to the plants.
Presence of polythene is harmful for
plants, and it hampers the pathway for
the plants absorption of nutrients.
Therefore, it can be concluded that
pollution can be very harmful to the
natural environment and, ultimately it
affects the humans.

Lack
of
water
is
extremely
undesirable when plants or trees are

growing, as water is an essential part

of their nutrition and is important in
the developmental process.

Recommendation
Through the observations recorded and
conclusion drawn from the collected data,
it is clear that, planters should use
manure the most in amount for the
proper growth of plants. Fertilizers are
also extremely useful for the growth of
plants, but, if used in excess amount,
then it can be harmful for the plants.
Therefore, the amount of fertilizers used
should be checked. Also pollutants, such
as polythene, should be removed from
the planting area, as these pollutants are
harmful for the growth of plants and
hampers their proper elongation. Also,
regular watering is an essential criterion
for growing plants, because this provides
them with necessary elements and

compounds for photosynthesis. At the

same time, excess of water should not be
provided to the plants, because of the
probability of contamination.

Bibliography
1) Ask.com
2) http://repository.ias.ac.in/
3) Class- 11th Biology Text
Book(NCERT)