Strut Design Sheet

Typical Strutting Calculation
Straight Strut
AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD

DESIGN OF SINGLE AND COMPOUND STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000
Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011
TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (SBK LINE) - MERDEKA STATION
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF TWIN LACED STRUT OF STEEL S355 (Grade 50B)
SECTION REF. : STRUT CAPACITY
Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :
1) The benevolent effects of splay (knee strut) is not taken into account.
2) Recommended as per CIRIA Special Publication 95 and CIRIA C517,
a) Allow for eccentricity of axial load due to connection is taken to be approximately
10% of overall dimension of strut in the vertical plane.
b) Accidental loading is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The accidental loading is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = 50 kN in any direction.
c) Thermal load due to the temperature effects is considered in the design of proposed temporary strutting system.
=> The temperature difference is assumed as per DC/16/12 Section 16.10 = +/- 10 Degrees Celsius.
Proposed laced strut section
SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Design (SLS) load (Normal)
Design (SLS) load (Redundancy)
Proposed strutting interval, Ls
The incidence angle of strut,
Number of struts per laced section
=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY :
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
406x260x148.8kg/m
Proposed effective length, Lxx

Proposed effective length, Lyy
Distance between laced section
Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
11.50
10.00
1000
2340
Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA
7.79E+06
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
Section root radius, r

Depth between the fillets, d
Proposed sectional area, Ag
Proposed section mass, Ms
=
=
=
=
10.2
360.6
19000.0
148.8
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut
Section moment of inertia, Iyy

Section plastic modulus, Syy
Section elastic modulus, Zyy
Section radius of gyration, ryy
=
=
=
=
7.75E+07
8.99E+05
5.86E+05
63.90
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut
B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED DOUBLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Ixx
=
1.24E+09 mm4 per lace section
Section plastic modulus, Sxx
=
Section elastic modulus, Zxx
=
Section radius of gyration, rxx
=
1.80E+02 mm per lace section
=
38000
mm2 per lace section

=
=
=
=
9.66E+09
1.89E+07
1.53E+07
504.1

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section
2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Section design strength, y
=
345.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.893
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ]
Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
Interactive Relationship :
720
1020
6.000
0.000
2
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees
per compound lace section
Local Interactive Relationship

0.53 + 0.183 + 0 = 0.712
Overall Interactive Relationship
0.823 + 0.17 + 0 = 0.993
0.69 + 0.197 + 0 = 0.886
1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

Proposed section depth, D
=
Proposed section width, B
=
Section flange thickness, T
=
Section web thickness, t
=
431.0
264.8
25.0
14.9
A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

=
6.18E+08
=
3.25E+06
=
2.87E+06
=
180.0
Outstand element of compression flange, b/T

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.550
Web subject to Axial Compression and Bending (Generally)
Plastic =
35.71
Compact =
35.71
Semi-compact =
51.01
8.035
8.928
13.39
Flange is Plastic.
Proposed section actual b/T =
5.296
Hence, the proposed section is Non-slender, hence no reduction for design strength.
Section is classified as Class 1 &2
Proposed section actual d/t =

Section web reduced strength,
y' =
24.20
Web is Plastic.
345.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
3.1.1 Excavation Load
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Normal)
=
4320.0
Axial Strut Force, Fc (Redundancy)
=
6120.0
3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx

3.2.1 Bending due to self-weight, Mx1
Self weight of proposed strut
Mx1
=
=
3.0
49.2
kN
kN
3.1.2 Temperature Load

Thermal coeff. of expansion,
Degree of restraint against wall
Variation in strut temperature, T
Temperature Load, FT
=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
747.8
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm
3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2

Imposed load onto section, w
1.5
=
kN/m
49.6
=
kNm
3.2.3 Bending due to eccentricity waler to strut connection, M x3
The minimum strut eccentricity, 1
=
43.10
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
186
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
264
kNm
3.2.4 Bending due to deflection induced by selfweight (P-delta effect)+ imposed load, M x4
Self weight + imposed load onto section, Pv,s
=
5.976
kN/m per lace section
=
5.37
mm
Strut deflection, 2=5wL4/384EI
strut capacity 2X406X260X148.8
Allowable deflection based on L/1000
Mx4 (Normal)
3.2.5 Bending due to accidental load, M x5
Accidental load in major directions, Facc,x
Mx5
3.3 BENDING ABOUT MINOR AXIS, M y
Accidental load in minor directions, Facc,y
Mx6
=
=
12
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
143.8
kN
kNm
50.00
125.0
kN
kNm
=
=
2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm
4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.1 Load factors (ULS)
Load Combs (ULS)
LC1 : Normal Working Conditions
LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction)
LC2b: Accidental Load (y-direction)
LC3 : Redundancy (1-strut Failure)
Excavation Temperature
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00
4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

Load Combs (ULS)
6048
897
4536
785
4536
785
6426
785
Mx1
69
52
52
52
Mx2
79
25
25
25
Mx3
261
196
196
277
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
151
0
0
My1
0
0
131
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
3473
2661
2661
3606
204
211
136
177
0
0
66
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.712
LC1 governs!
4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
6945
5321
5321
7211
409
423
272
353
0
0
131
0
5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

Compression resistance, Pc
Section moment capacity, Mcx
Section moment capacity, Mcy
=
=
=
LACED
13110
2240
5267
SINGLE
6555
1120
5267
kN
kNm
kNm
I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction expression : Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0
Fc/Pc
=
0.530
=
0.406
=
0.406
LC3 : 1-strut Failure
=
0.550
Mx/Mcx
0.183
0.189
0.121
0.158
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.025
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.712
0.595
0.552
0.708
II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

A) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
The strut slenderness, xx

The Robertson constant,
The limiting slenderness, LO
The section Perry factor,
Section Euler strength, pE
The value of strength
Compressive strength, pcx
Compression resistance, Pcx (Laced)
Compression resistance, Pcx (Single)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
63.75
5.500
15.32
0.266
497.9
487.7
230.6
8762
4381
B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

The equivalent slenderness, LT
= u
(
The value of parameter w

Section torsional index, x
Section buckling parameter, u
The value of slenderness, /x
Section slenderness factor,
Equivalent slenderness, LT,y
The Robertson constant, LT
Section Perry coefficient, LT
The value of strength LT
Section bending strength, pb
Buckling resistance moment,Mb
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.884
17.24
0.887
2.974
0.913
39.01
30.63
7.00
0.059
1329
876
320.2
2079
Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement

The strut slenderness, yy
=
19.84
Lacing slenderness, c
=
36.62
CHECK: c <50
36.62
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
Design Strut Slenderness, yy
=
51.27
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.32
=
0.198
2
=
770
N/mm
2
=
633.5
N/mm
Compressive strength, pcy
=
265.1
N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcy (Laced)
=
10072
kN
Compression resistance, Pcy (Single)
=
5036
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
0.5
where
For Class 1 Plastic or Class 2 Compact cross sections, w = 1.00
For Class 3 Semi-compact cross section, If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where
If Mb = pbZx in Clause 4.3.6.4, where
For Class 4 Slender cross section, w = Zx,eff / Sx
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pc + mxMx / Mcx + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (1)
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
For Major axis In-plane Buckling
=
0.989
=
0.793
0.196
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx
The moment coefficient, mLT

The moment coefficient, mx
The moment coefficient, my
=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.810
0.740
0.993
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.993
LC4 governs!
III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The Interaction Expression : Fc/Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy < 1.0 -------------------- Equation (2)
Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
For Lateral-Torsional Buckling
=
0.886
=
0.690
0.197
0.000
=
0.528
0.203
0.000
0.732
0.682
=
0.528
0.131
0.022
0.886
=
0.716
0.170
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.886
LC1 governs!
=
=
=
0.607
0.607
0.823
0.203
0.131
0.170
0.000
0.002
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY :
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
406x260x148.8kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
11.50
10.00
1000
2340
1.17E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
10.2
360.6
19000.0
148.8
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
7.75E+07
8.99E+05
5.86E+05
63.90
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut
B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED TRIPLE LACED STRUT SECTION

=
=
=
=
=
57000

=
=
=
=
3.82E+10
3.89E+07
3.38E+07
819.0

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
345.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.893
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
1090
1540
6.000
0.000
3
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.534 + 0.184 + 0 = 0.718
0.828 + 0.17 + 0 = 0.998
0.695 + 0.198 + 0 = 0.893

=
=
=
=
431.0
264.8
25.0
14.9

=
6.18E+08
=
3.25E+06
=
2.87E+06
=
180.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.830
Plastic =
35.71
Compact =
35.71
Semi-compact =
40.28
8.035
8.928
13.39
Flange is Plastic.
5.296

y' =
24.20
Web is Plastic.
345.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
6540.0
=
9240.0

Mx1
=
=
4.5
73.8
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
1121.8
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
74.4
=
kNm
=
43.10
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
282
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
398
kNm
=
8.964
=
5.37
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
12
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
143.8
kN
kNm
50.00
125.0
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
9156
1346
6867
1178
6867
1178
9702
1178
Mx1
103
77
77
77
Mx2
119
37
37
37
Mx3
395
296
296
418
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
151
0
0
My1
0
0
131
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
3501
2682
2682
3627
206
187
137
178
0
0
44
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.718
LC1 governs!

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
10502
8045
8045
10880
617
562
411
533
0
0
131
0

=
=
=
LACED
19665
3360
11648
SINGLE
6555
1120
11648
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.534
=
0.409
=
0.409
=
0.553
Mx/Mcx
0.184
0.167
0.122
0.159
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.011
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.718
0.576
0.543
0.712


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
63.75
5.500
15.32
0.266
497.9
487.7
230.6
13143
4381

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.884
17.24
0.887
2.974
0.913
39.01
30.63
7.00
0.059
1329
876
320.2
3119
0.5

=
12.21
=
36.62
CHECK: c <50
36.62
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
51.27
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.32
=
0.198
2
=
770
N/mm
2
=
633.5
N/mm
=
265.1
N/mm2
=
15109
kN
=
5036
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.996
=
0.799
0.197
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.792
0.744
0.998
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.998
LC4 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.893
=
0.695
0.198
0.000
=
0.532
0.180
0.000
0.713
0.674
=
0.532
0.132
0.010
0.891
=
0.720
0.171
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.893
LC1 governs!
=
=
=
0.612
0.612
0.828
0.180
0.131
0.170
0.000
0.001
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY :
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x305x179.0kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
11.50
10.00
1000
2340
9.35E+06
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
16.5
540.0
22800.0
179.0
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
1.14E+08
1.14E+06
7.43E+05
70.70
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
45600

=
=
=
=
1.16E+10
2.26E+07
1.78E+07
505.0

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
345.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.893
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
1040
1450
6.000
0.000
2
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.641 + 0.192 + 0 = 0.833
0.796 + 0.182 + 0 = 0.978
0.796 + 0.204 + 0 = 0.999

=
=
=
=
620.2
307.1
23.6
14.1

=
1.53E+09
=
5.55E+06
=
4.94E+06
=
259.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.641
Plastic =
35.71
Compact =
35.71
Semi-compact =
46.97
8.035
8.928
13.39
Flange is Plastic.
6.506
Section is classified as Class 3

y' =
38.30
Web is Semi-compact.
345.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
6240.0
=
8700.0

Mx1
=
=
3.6
59.2
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
897.4
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
49.6
=
kNm
=
62.02
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
387
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
540
kNm
=
6.580
=
2.39
mm
strut capacity 2X610X305X179
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
12
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
143.8
kN
kNm
50.00
125.0
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
8736
1077
6552
942
6552
942
9135
942
Mx1
83
62
62
62
Mx2
79
25
25
25
Mx3
542
406
406
567
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
151
0
0
My1
0
0
131
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
4906
3747
3747
5039
352
322
247
327
0
0
66
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.833
LC4 governs!

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
9813
7494
7494
10077
704
644
493
653
0
0
131
0

=
=
=
LACED
15732
3404
6138
SINGLE
7866
1703
6138
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.624
=
0.476
=
0.476
=
0.641
Mx/Mcx
0.207
0.189
0.145
0.192
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.021
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.831
0.666
0.643
0.833


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
44.39
5.500
15.32
0.160
1026.6
767.9
282.6
12888
6444

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.889
26.28
0.886
1.763
0.965
37.35
30.63
7.00
0.047
1451
932
325.3
3210
0.5

=
19.80
=
33.10
CHECK: c <50
33.10
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
46.34
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.32
=
0.171
2
=
942
N/mm
2
=
724.1
N/mm
=
277.8
N/mm2
=
12667
kN
=
6334
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.971
=
0.775
0.196
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.771
0.731
0.978
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.978
LC4 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.994
=
0.775
0.219
0.000
=
0.592
0.201
0.000
0.792
0.765
=
0.592
0.154
0.019
0.999
=
0.796
0.204
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.999
LC4 governs!
=
=
=
0.592
0.592
0.796
0.180
0.138
0.182
0.000
0.002
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY :
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x305x179.0kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
11.50
10.00
1000
2340
1.40E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
16.5
540.0
22800.0
179.0
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
1.14E+08
1.14E+06
7.43E+05
70.70
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
68400

=
=
=
=
4.59E+10
4.67E+07
3.98E+07
819.6

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
345.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.893
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
1570
2060
6.000
0.000
3
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.642 + 0.189 + 0 = 0.831
0.795 + 0.202 + 0 = 0.997
0.795 + 0.2 + 0 = 0.995

=
=
=
=
620.2
307.1
23.6
14.1

=
1.53E+09
=
5.55E+06
=
4.94E+06
=
259.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.915
Plastic =
35.71
Compact =
35.71
Semi-compact =
37.86
8.035
8.928
13.39

6.506
Hence, the proposed section is Slender.
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
Flange is Plastic.

y' =
38.30
Web is Slender.
337.2
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
9420.0
=
12360.0

Mx1
=
=
5.4
88.8
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
1346.1
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
74.4
=
kNm
=
62.02
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
584
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
767
kNm
=
9.870
=
2.39
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
12
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
143.8
kN
kNm
50.00
125.0
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
13188
1615
9891
1413
9891
1413
12978
1413
Mx1
124
93
93
93
Mx2
119
37
37
37
Mx3
818
613
613
805
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
151
0
0
My1
0
0
131
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
4934
3768
3768
4797
354
298
248
312
0
0
44
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.831
LC1 governs!

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
14803
11304
11304
14391
1061
895
744
935
0
0
131
0

=
=
=
LACED
23065
5612
13430
SINGLE
7688
1871
13430
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.642
=
0.490
=
0.490
=
0.624
Mx/Mcx
0.189
0.159
0.133
0.167
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.010
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.831
0.650
0.632
0.791


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
44.39
5.500
15.49
0.159
1026.6
763.5
276.9
18942
6314

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.889
26.28
0.886
1.763
0.965
37.35
30.98
7.00
0.045
1451
926
319.0
5309
0.5

=
12.20
=
33.10
CHECK: c <50
33.10
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
46.34
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.49
=
0.170
2
=
942
N/mm
2
=
719.7
N/mm
=
272.3
N/mm2
=
18623
kN
=
6208
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.997
=
0.795
0.202
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.777
0.749
0.951
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.997
LC1 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.995
=
0.795
0.200
0.000
=
0.607
0.169
0.000
0.776
0.756
=
0.607
0.140
0.009
0.949
=
0.773
0.176
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.995
LC1 governs!
=
=
=
0.607
0.607
0.773
0.170
0.142
0.178
0.000
0.001
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY :
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x324x241.1kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
11.50
10.00
1000
2340
1.26E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
12.7
547.6
30800.0
241.1
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
1.84E+08
1.73E+06
1.12E+06
77.40
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
61600

=
=
=
=
1.58E+10
3.07E+07
2.37E+07
506.0

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
345.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.893
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
1490
2050
6.000
0.000
2
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.657 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.844
0.809 + 0.188 + 0 = 0.997
0.801 + 0.18 + 0 = 0.981

=
=
=
=
635.0
329.1
31.0
17.9

=
2.15E+09
=
7.67E+06
=
6.78E+06
=
264.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.668
Plastic =
35.71
Compact =
35.71
Semi-compact =
45.88
8.035
8.928
13.39
Flange is Plastic.
5.308

y' =
30.59
Web is Plastic.
345.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
8940.0
=
12300.0

Mx1
=
=
4.8
79.7
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
1212.3
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
49.6
=
kNm
=
63.50
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
568
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
781
kNm
=
7.822
=
2.02
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
12
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
143.8
kN
kNm
50.00
125.0
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
12516
1455
9387
1273
9387
1273
12915
1273
Mx1
112
84
84
84
Mx2
79
25
25
25
Mx3
795
596
596
820
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
151
0
0
My1
0
0
131
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
6985
5330
5330
7094
493
428
352
464
0
0
66
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.844
LC1 governs!

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
13971
10660
10660
14188
986
856
705
929
0
0
131
0

=
=
=
LACED
21252
5292
8186
SINGLE
10626
2646
8186
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.657
=
0.502
=
0.502
=
0.668
Mx/Mcx
0.186
0.162
0.133
0.175
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.016
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.844
0.663
0.651
0.843


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
43.49
5.500
15.32
0.155
1069.9
790.3
284.9
17547
8773

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.885
20.48
0.888
2.066
0.953
33.68
30.63
7.00
0.021
1784
1083
336.2
5157
0.5

=
19.76
=
30.23
CHECK: c <50
30.23
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
42.33
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.32
=
0.149
2
=
1129
N/mm
2
=
821.1
N/mm
=
287.7
N/mm2
=
17720
kN
=
8860
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.996
=
0.796
0.200
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.781
0.752
0.997
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.997
LC4 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.980
=
0.788
0.191
0.000
=
0.602
0.166
0.000
0.767
0.753
=
0.602
0.137
0.014
0.981
=
0.801
0.180
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.981
LC4 governs!
=
=
=
0.608
0.608
0.809
0.174
0.143
0.188
0.000
0.001
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY :
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x324x241.1kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
11.50
10.00
1000
2340
1.89E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
12.7
547.6
30800.0
241.1
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
1.84E+08
1.73E+06
1.12E+06
77.40
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
92400

=
=
=
=
6.22E+10
6.33E+07
5.34E+07
820.2

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
345.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.893
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
2240
3080
6.000
0.000
3
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.659 + 0.187 + 0 = 0.845
0.81 + 0.189 + 0 = 0.998
0.802 + 0.18 + 0 = 0.982

=
=
=
=
635.0
329.1
31.0
17.9

=
2.15E+09
=
7.67E+06
=
6.78E+06
=
264.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
1.003
Plastic =
35.71
Compact =
35.71
Semi-compact =
35.71
8.035
8.928
13.39
Flange is Plastic.
5.308

y' =
30.59
Web is Plastic.
345.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
13440.0
=
18480.0

Mx1
=
=
7.2
119.6
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
1818.4
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
74.4
=
kNm
=
63.50
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
853
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
1173
kNm
=
11.733
=
2.02
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
12
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
143.8
kN
kNm
50.00
125.0
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
18816
2182
14112
1909
14112
1909
19404
1909
Mx1
167
126
126
126
Mx2
119
37
37
37
Mx3
1195
896
896
1232
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
151
0
0
My1
0
0
131
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
6999
5340
5340
7104
494
403
353
465
0
0
44
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.845
LC1 governs!

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
20998
16021
16021
21313
1481
1210
1059
1395
0
0
131
0

=
=
=
LACED
31878
7938
18413
SINGLE
10626
2646
18413
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.659
=
0.503
=
0.503
=
0.669
Mx/Mcx
0.187
0.152
0.133
0.176
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.007
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.845
0.655
0.643
0.844


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
43.49
5.500
15.32
0.155
1069.9
790.3
284.9
26320
8773

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.885
20.48
0.888
2.066
0.953
33.68
30.63
7.00
0.021
1784
1083
336.2
7735
0.5

=
12.19
=
30.23
CHECK: c <50
30.23
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
42.33
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.32
=
0.149
2
=
1129
N/mm
2
=
821.1
N/mm
=
287.7
N/mm2
=
26580
kN
=
8860
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.998
=
0.798
0.200
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.772
0.753
0.998
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.998
LC4 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.981
=
0.790
0.191
0.000
=
0.603
0.156
0.000
0.759
0.746
=
0.603
0.137
0.006
0.982
=
0.802
0.180
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.982
LC4 governs!
=
=
=
0.609
0.609
0.810
0.164
0.143
0.189
0.000
0.001
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY :
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x324x341.0kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
11.50
10.00
1000
2340
1.78E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
16.5
540.2
43500.0
341.0
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
2.71E+08
2.52E+06
1.63E+06
79.00
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
87000

=
=
=
=
2.23E+10
4.32E+07
3.34E+07
506.2

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
335.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.906
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
2060
2820
6.000
0.000
2
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.664 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.85
0.795 + 0.203 + 0 = 0.998
0.789 + 0.187 + 0 = 0.976

=
=
=
=
661.0
333.0
43.9
24.4

=
3.19E+09
=
1.11E+07
=
9.65E+06
=
271.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.671
Plastic =
36.24
Compact =
36.24
Semi-compact =
46.41
8.154
9.060
13.59
Flange is Plastic.
3.793

y' =
22.14
Web is Plastic.
335.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
12360.0
=
16920.0

Mx1
=
=
6.8
112.7
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
1712.2
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
49.6
=
kNm
=
66.10
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
817
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
1118
kNm
=
9.820
=
1.71
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
12
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
143.8
kN
kNm
50.00
125.0
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
17304
2055
12978
1798
12978
1798
17766
1798
Mx1
158
118
118
118
Mx2
79
25
25
25
Mx3
1144
858
858
1174
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
151
0
0
My1
0
0
131
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
9679
7388
7388
9782
690
576
501
659
0
0
66
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.850
LC1 governs!

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
19359
14776
14776
19564
1381
1152
1001
1318
0
0
131
0

=
=
=
LACED
29145
7430
11204
SINGLE
14573
3715
11204
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.664
=
0.507
=
0.507
=
0.671
Mx/Mcx
0.186
0.155
0.135
0.177
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.012
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.850
0.662
0.653
0.849


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
42.47
5.500
15.54
0.148
1121.9
811.5
279.8
24343
12171

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.870
15.06
0.890
2.754
0.923
31.77
31.09
7.00
0.005
2004
1174
333.1
7388
0.5

=
19.76
=
29.62
CHECK: c <50
29.62
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
41.47
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.54
=
0.143
2
=
1177
N/mm
2
=
839.7
N/mm
=
282.1
N/mm2
=
24542
kN
=
12271
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.998
=
0.795
0.203
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.776
0.755
0.997
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.998
LC1 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.976
=
0.789
0.187
0.000
=
0.602
0.156
0.000
0.758
0.748
=
0.602
0.135
0.011
0.975
=
0.797
0.178
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.976
LC1 governs!
=
=
=
0.607
0.607
0.804
0.169
0.147
0.194
0.000
0.001
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY :
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x324x341.0kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
11.50
10.00
1000
2340
2.68E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
16.5
540.2
43500.0
341.0
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
2.71E+08
2.52E+06
1.63E+06
79.00
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
130500

=
=
=
=
8.78E+10
8.95E+07
7.53E+07
820.3

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
335.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.906
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
3090
4240
6.000
0.000
3
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.673 + 0.178 + 0 = 0.85
0.805 + 0.194 + 0 = 0.999
0.799 + 0.179 + 0 = 0.978

=
=
=
=
661.0
333.0
43.9
24.4

=
3.19E+09
=
1.11E+07
=
9.65E+06
=
271.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
1.009
Plastic =
36.24
Compact =
36.24
Semi-compact =
36.24
8.154
9.060
13.59
Flange is Plastic.
3.793

y' =
22.14
Web is Plastic.
335.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
18540.0
=
25440.0

Mx1
=
=
10.2
169.1
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
2568.2
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
74.4
=
kNm
=
66.10
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
1225
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
1682
kNm
=
14.730
=
1.71
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
12
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
143.8
kN
kNm
50.00
125.0
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
25956
3082
19467
2697
19467
2697
26712
2697
Mx1
237
178
178
178
Mx2
119
37
37
37
Mx3
1716
1287
1287
1766
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
151
0
0
My1
0
0
131
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
9679
7388
7388
9803
690
551
501
660
0
0
44
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.850
LC4 governs!

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
29038
22164
22164
29409
2071
1652
1502
1980
0
0
131
0

=
=
=
LACED
43718
11145
25218
SINGLE
14573
3715
25218
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.664
=
0.507
=
0.507
=
0.673
Mx/Mcx
0.186
0.148
0.135
0.178
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.850
0.655
0.647
0.850


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
42.47
5.500
15.54
0.148
1121.9
811.5
279.8
36514
12171

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.5
0.870
15.06
0.890
2.754
0.923
31.77
31.09
7.00
0.005
2004
1174
333.1
11082

=
12.19
=
29.62
CHECK: c <50
29.62
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
41.47
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.54
=
0.143
2
=
1177
N/mm
2
=
839.7
N/mm
=
282.1
N/mm2
=
36813
kN
=
12271
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.998
=
0.795
0.203
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.769
0.755
0.999
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.999
LC4 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.976
=
0.789
0.187
0.000
=
0.602
0.149
0.000
0.751
0.742
=
0.602
0.135
0.005
0.978
=
0.799
0.179
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.978
LC4 governs!
=
=
=
0.607
0.607
0.805
0.162
0.147
0.194
0.000
0.000
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY :
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x324x415.0kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
11.50
10.00
1000
2340
2.17E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
16.5
539.8
53000.0
415.0
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
3.43E+08
3.16E+06
2.03E+06
80.40
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
106000

=
=
=
=
2.72E+10
5.28E+07
4.06E+07
506.4

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
335.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.906
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
2520
3440
6.000
0.000
2
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.667 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.852
0.794 + 0.205 + 0 = 0.999
0.787 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.973

=
=
=
=
679.0
338.0
53.1
29.5

=
4.01E+09
=
1.37E+07
=
1.18E+07
=
275.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.672
Plastic =
36.24
Compact =
36.24
Semi-compact =
46.38
8.154
9.060
13.59
Flange is Plastic.
3.183

y' =
18.30
Web is Plastic.
335.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
15120.0
=
20640.0

Mx1
=
=
8.3
137.2
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
2086.1
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
49.6
=
kNm
=
67.90
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
1027
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
1401
kNm
=
11.300
=
1.57
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
12
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
143.8
kN
kNm
50.00
125.0
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
21168
2503
15876
2190
15876
2190
21672
2190
Mx1
192
144
144
144
Mx2
79
25
25
25
Mx3
1437
1078
1078
1472
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
151
0
0
My1
0
0
131
0

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
23671
18066
18066
23862
1709
1398
1247
1640
0
0
131
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
11836
9033
9033
11931
854
699
623
820
0
0
66
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.852
LC1 governs!

=
=
=
LACED
35510
9192
13613
SINGLE
17755
4596
13613
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.667
=
0.509
=
0.509
=
0.672
Mx/Mcx
0.186
0.152
0.136
0.178
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.010
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.852
0.661
0.654
0.850


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
41.83
5.500
15.54
0.145
1156.1
829.1
281.3
29813
14906

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.860
12.79
0.889
3.186
0.902
30.31
31.09
7.00
0.000
2202
1269
335.0
9192
0.5

=
19.75
=
29.10
CHECK: c <50
29.10
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
40.75
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.54
=
0.139
2
=
1219
N/mm
2
=
861.3
N/mm
=
283.7
N/mm2
=
30076
kN
=
15038
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.999
=
0.794
0.205
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.774
0.757
0.998
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.999
LC1 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.973
=
0.787
0.186
0.000
=
0.601
0.152
0.000
0.753
0.745
=
0.601
0.136
0.009
0.972
=
0.793
0.178
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.973
LC1 governs!
=
=
=
0.606
0.606
0.800
0.168
0.150
0.197
0.000
0.001
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY :
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x324x415.0kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
11.50
10.00
1000
2340
3.26E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
16.5
539.8
53000.0
415.0
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
3.43E+08
3.16E+06
2.03E+06
80.40
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
159000

=
=
=
=
1.07E+11
1.09E+08
9.16E+07
820.5

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
335.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.906
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
3780
5170
6.000
0.000
3
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.667 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.852
0.794 + 0.205 + 0 = 0.999
0.795 + 0.179 + 0 = 0.974

=
=
=
=
679.0
338.0
53.1
29.5

=
4.01E+09
=
1.37E+07
=
1.18E+07
=
275.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
1.010
Plastic =
36.24
Compact =
36.24
Semi-compact =
36.24
8.154
9.060
13.59
Flange is Plastic.
3.183

y' =
18.30
Web is Plastic.
335.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
22680.0
=
31020.0

Mx1
=
=
12.5
205.8
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
3129.1
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
74.4
=
kNm
=
67.90
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
1540
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
2106
kNm
=
16.950
=
1.57
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
12
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
143.8
kN
kNm
50.00
125.0
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
31752
3755
23814
3286
23814
3286
32571
3286
Mx1
288
216
216
216
Mx2
119
37
37
37
Mx3
2156
1617
1617
2212
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
151
0
0
My1
0
0
131
0

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
35507
27100
27100
35857
2563
2021
1870
2465
0
0
131
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
11836
9033
9033
11952
854
674
623
822
0
0
44
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.852
LC1 governs!

=
=
=
LACED
53265
13789
30671
SINGLE
17755
4596
30671
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.667
=
0.509
=
0.509
=
0.673
Mx/Mcx
0.186
0.147
0.136
0.179
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.852
0.655
0.649
0.852


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
41.83
5.500
15.54
0.145
1156.1
829.1
281.3
44719
14906

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.5
0.860
12.79
0.889
3.186
0.902
30.31
31.09
7.00
0.000
2202
1269
335.0
13789

=
12.19
=
29.10
CHECK: c <50
29.10
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
40.75
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.54
=
0.139
2
=
1219
N/mm
2
=
861.3
N/mm
=
283.7
N/mm2
=
45114
kN
=
15038
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.999
=
0.794
0.205
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.768
0.756
0.999
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.999
LC1 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.973
=
0.787
0.186
0.000
=
0.601
0.147
0.000
0.747
0.740
=
0.601
0.136
0.004
0.974
=
0.795
0.179
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.974
LC4 governs!
=
=
=
0.606
0.606
0.802
0.162
0.150
0.198
0.000
0.000
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY :
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x324x455.0kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
11.50
10.00
1000
2340
3.56E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
16.5
540.2
57900.0
455.0
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
3.81E+08
3.50E+06
2.24E+06
81.10
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
173700

=
=
=
=
1.17E+11
1.19E+08
1.00E+08
820.5

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
335.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.906
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
4130
5650
6.000
0.000
3
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.673 + 0.179 + 0 = 0.853
0.8 + 0.199 + 0 = 0.999
0.793 + 0.179 + 0 = 0.972

=
=
=
=
689.0
340.0
57.9
32.0

=
4.45E+09
=
1.51E+07
=
1.29E+07
=
277.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
1.010
Plastic =
36.24
Compact =
36.24
Semi-compact =
36.24
8.154
9.060
13.59
Flange is Plastic.
2.936

y' =
16.88
Web is Plastic.
335.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
24780.0
=
33900.0

Mx1
=
=
13.7
225.7
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
3418.4
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
74.4
=
kNm
=
68.90
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
1707
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
2336
kNm
=
18.150
=
1.51
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
12
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
143.8
kN
kNm
50.00
125.0
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
34692
4102
26019
3589
26019
3589
35595
3589
Mx1
316
237
237
237
Mx2
119
37
37
37
Mx3
2390
1793
1793
2452
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
151
0
0
My1
0
0
131
0

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
38794
29608
29608
39184
2825
2218
2067
2727
0
0
131
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
12931
9869
9869
13061
942
739
689
909
0
0
44
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.853
LC4 governs!

=
=
=
LACED
58190
15196
33484
SINGLE
19397
5065
33484
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.667
=
0.509
=
0.509
=
0.673
Mx/Mcx
0.186
0.146
0.136
0.179
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.853
0.655
0.649
0.853


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
41.47
5.500
15.54
0.143
1176.3
839.6
282.1
48998
16333

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.5
0.855
11.90
0.889
3.395
0.892
29.63
31.09
7.00
0.000
2305
1320
335.0
15196

=
12.19
=
28.85
CHECK: c <50
28.85
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
40.39
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.54
=
0.137
2
=
1240
N/mm
2
=
872.2
N/mm
=
284.5
N/mm2
=
49423
kN
=
16474
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.998
=
0.792
0.207
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.767
0.756
0.999
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.999
LC4 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.971
=
0.785
0.186
0.000
=
0.599
0.146
0.000
0.745
0.739
=
0.599
0.136
0.004
0.972
=
0.793
0.179
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.972
LC4 governs!
=
=
=
0.604
0.604
0.800
0.162
0.151
0.199
0.000
0.000
0.000

Diagonal Strut

SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL STRUT CAPACITY
Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x305x179.0kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
14.70
14.70
1000
2340
9.35E+06
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
16.5
540.0
22800.0
179.0
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
1.14E+08
1.14E+06
7.43E+05
70.70
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
45600

=
=
=
=
1.16E+10
2.26E+07
1.78E+07
505.0

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
345.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.893
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
1140
1600
3.500
45.000
2
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.571 + 0.222 + 0 = 0.792
0.787 + 0.211 + 0 = 0.997
0.709 + 0.235 + 0 = 0.944

=
=
=
=
620.2
307.1
23.6
14.1

=
1.53E+09
=
5.55E+06
=
4.94E+06
=
259.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.588
Plastic =
35.71
Compact =
35.71
Semi-compact =
49.21
8.035
8.928
13.39
Flange is Plastic.
6.506

y' =
38.30
Web is Semi-compact.
345.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
5642.7
=
7919.6

Mx1
=
=
3.6
96.7
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
897.4
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
81.0
=
kNm
=
62.02
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
350
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
491
kNm
=
6.580
=
6.38
mm
DS capacity 2X610X305X179
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
15
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
183.8
kN
kNm
50.00
183.8
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
7900
1077
5925
942
5925
942
8316
942
Mx1
135
102
102
102
Mx2
130
41
41
41
Mx3
490
367
367
516
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
193
0
0
My1
0
0
193
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
4488
3434
3434
4629
377
351
255
329
0
0
96
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.792
LC1 governs!

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
8977
6867
6867
9258
755
702
510
658
0
0
193
0

=
=
=
LACED
15732
3404
6138
SINGLE
7866
1703
6138
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.571
=
0.437
=
0.437
=
0.588
Mx/Mcx
0.222
0.206
0.150
0.193
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.031
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.792
0.643
0.618
0.782


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
56.75
5.500
15.32
0.228
628.3
558.2
250.2
11411
5705

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.889
26.28
0.886
1.763
0.965
37.35
30.63
7.00
0.047
1451
932
325.3
3210
0.5

=
29.11
=
33.10
CHECK: c <50
33.10
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
46.34
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.32
=
0.171
2
=
942
N/mm
2
=
724.1
N/mm
=
277.8
N/mm2
=
12667
kN
=
6334
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.997
=
0.787
0.211
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.798
0.747
0.995
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.997
LC1 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.944
=
0.709
0.235
0.000
=
0.542
0.219
0.000
0.761
0.729
=
0.542
0.159
0.028
0.936
=
0.731
0.205
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.944
LC1 governs!
=
=
=
0.602
0.602
0.811
0.196
0.142
0.184
0.000
0.003
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x324x241.1kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
14.70
14.70
1000
2340
1.26E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
12.7
547.6
30800.0
241.1
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
1.84E+08
1.73E+06
1.12E+06
77.40
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
61600

=
=
=
=
1.58E+10
3.07E+07
2.37E+07
506.0

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
345.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.893
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
1580
2200
3.500
45.000
2
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.584 + 0.19 + 0 = 0.774
0.795 + 0.204 + 0 = 0.999
0.7 + 0.195 + 0 = 0.895

=
=
=
=
635.0
329.1
31.0
17.9

=
2.15E+09
=
7.67E+06
=
6.78E+06
=
264.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.598
Plastic =
35.71
Compact =
35.71
Semi-compact =
48.79
8.035
8.928
13.39
Flange is Plastic.
5.308

y' =
30.59
Web is Plastic.
345.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
7820.6
=
10889.4

Mx1
=
=
4.8
130.2
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
1212.3
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
81.0
=
kNm
=
63.50
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
497
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
691
kNm
=
7.822
=
5.39
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
15
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
183.8
kN
kNm
50.00
183.8
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
10949
1455
8212
1273
8212
1273
11434
1273
Mx1
182
137
137
137
Mx2
130
41
41
41
Mx3
695
521
521
726
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
193
0
0
My1
0
0
193
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
6202
4742
4742
6353
504
446
349
452
0
0
96
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.774
LC1 governs!

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
12404
9485
9485
12707
1007
892
699
903
0
0
193
0

=
=
=
LACED
21252
5292
8186
SINGLE
10626
2646
8186
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.584
=
0.446
=
0.446
=
0.598
Mx/Mcx
0.190
0.168
0.132
0.171
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.024
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.774
0.615
0.602
0.769


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
55.59
5.500
15.32
0.221
654.8
572.4
253.4
15611
7806

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.885
20.48
0.888
2.066
0.953
33.68
30.63
7.00
0.021
1784
1083
336.2
5157
0.5

=
29.05
=
30.23
CHECK: c <50
30.23
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
42.33
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.32
=
0.149
2
=
1129
N/mm
2
=
821.1
N/mm
=
287.7
N/mm2
=
17720
kN
=
8860
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.999
=
0.795
0.204
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.789
0.751
0.997
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.999
LC1 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.895
=
0.700
0.195
0.000
=
0.535
0.173
0.000
0.708
0.692
=
0.535
0.135
0.021
0.892
=
0.717
0.175
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.895
LC1 governs!
=
=
=
0.608
0.608
0.814
0.181
0.142
0.183
0.000
0.002
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x324x341.0kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
14.70
14.70
1000
2340
1.78E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
16.5
540.2
43500.0
341.0
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
2.71E+08
2.52E+06
1.63E+06
79.00
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
87000

=
=
=
=
2.23E+10
4.32E+07
3.34E+07
506.2

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
335.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.906
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
2200
3050
3.500
45.000
2
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.594 + 0.188 + 0 = 0.781
0.793 + 0.205 + 0 = 0.998
0.705 + 0.189 + 0 = 0.894

=
=
=
=
661.0
333.0
43.9
24.4

=
3.19E+09
=
1.11E+07
=
9.65E+06
=
271.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.606
Plastic =
36.24
Compact =
36.24
Semi-compact =
49.17
8.154
9.060
13.59
Flange is Plastic.
3.793

y' =
22.14
Web is Plastic.
335.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
10889.4
=
15096.7

Mx1
=
=
6.8
184.2
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
1712.2
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
81.0
=
kNm
=
66.10
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
720
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
998
kNm
=
9.820
=
4.57
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
15
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
183.8
kN
kNm
50.00
183.8
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
15245
2055
11434
1798
11434
1798
15852
1798
Mx1
258
193
193
193
Mx2
130
41
41
41
Mx3
1008
756
756
1048
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
193
0
0
My1
0
0
193
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
8650
6616
6616
8825
698
591
495
641
0
0
96
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.781
LC1 governs!

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
17300
13232
13232
17649
1395
1183
990
1282
0
0
193
0

=
=
=
LACED
29145
7430
11204
SINGLE
14573
3715
11204
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.594
=
0.454
=
0.454
=
0.606
Mx/Mcx
0.188
0.159
0.133
0.173
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.017
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.781
0.613
0.604
0.778


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
54.28
5.500
15.54
0.213
686.6
584.0
250.8
21820
10910

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.870
15.06
0.890
2.754
0.923
31.77
31.09
7.00
0.005
2004
1174
333.1
7388
0.5

=
29.04
=
29.62
CHECK: c <50
29.62
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
41.47
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.54
=
0.143
2
=
1177
N/mm
2
=
839.7
N/mm
=
282.1
N/mm2
=
24542
kN
=
12271
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.998
=
0.793
0.205
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.780
0.753
0.997
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.998
LC1 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.894
=
0.705
0.189
0.000
=
0.539
0.160
0.000
0.699
0.689
=
0.539
0.134
0.015
0.893
=
0.719
0.173
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.894
LC1 governs!
=
=
=
0.606
0.606
0.809
0.174
0.145
0.188
0.000
0.002
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x324x415.0kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
14.70
14.70
1000
2340
2.17E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
16.5
539.8
53000.0
415.0
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
3.43E+08
3.16E+06
2.03E+06
80.40
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
106000

=
=
=
=
2.72E+10
5.28E+07
4.06E+07
506.4

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
335.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.906
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
2700
3740
3.500
45.000
2
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.597 + 0.186 + 0 = 0.784
0.807 + 0.192 + 0 = 0.999
0.719 + 0.174 + 0 = 0.893

=
=
=
=
679.0
338.0
53.1
29.5

=
4.01E+09
=
1.37E+07
=
1.18E+07
=
275.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.609
Plastic =
36.24
Compact =
36.24
Semi-compact =
49.02
8.154
9.060
13.59
Flange is Plastic.
3.183

y' =
18.30
Web is Plastic.
335.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
13364.3
=
18512.1

Mx1
=
=
8.3
224.2
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
2086.1
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
81.0
=
kNm
=
67.90
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
907
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
1257
kNm
=
11.300
=
4.18
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
15
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
183.8
kN
kNm
50.00
183.8
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
18710
2503
14033
2190
14033
2190
19438
2190
Mx1
314
235
235
235
Mx2
130
41
41
41
Mx3
1270
953
953
1320
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
193
0
0
My1
0
0
193
0

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
21213
16223
16223
21628
1714
1422
1229
1596
0
0
193
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
10607
8111
8111
10814
857
711
614
798
0
0
96
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.784
LC1 governs!

=
=
=
LACED
35510
9192
13613
SINGLE
17755
4596
13613
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.597
=
0.457
=
0.457
=
0.609
Mx/Mcx
0.186
0.155
0.134
0.174
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.014
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.784
0.612
0.605
0.783


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
53.48
5.500
15.54
0.209
707.5
595.1
252.9
26807
13403

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.860
12.79
0.889
3.186
0.902
30.31
31.09
7.00
0.000
2202
1269
335.0
9192
0.5

=
29.03
=
29.10
CHECK: c <50
29.10
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
40.75
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.54
=
0.139
2
=
1219
N/mm
2
=
861.3
N/mm
=
283.7
N/mm2
=
30076
kN
=
15038
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.997
=
0.791
0.206
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.776
0.754
0.999
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.999
LC4 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.892
=
0.705
0.186
0.000
=
0.539
0.155
0.000
0.694
0.686
=
0.539
0.134
0.013
0.893
=
0.719
0.174
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.893
LC4 governs!
=
=
=
0.605
0.605
0.807
0.171
0.148
0.192
0.000
0.001
0.000

Soil Load
Direction
Assumptions made :

=
=
=
=
=
Steel S275
Steel S355
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-2012
Strut Force
Direction
, incidence angle
Lacing Pitch,
of strut
L1
610x324x415.0kg/m

Lacing Pitch, L1
=
=
=
=
14.70
14.70
1000
2340
3.26E+07
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
16.5
539.8
53000.0
415.0
mm per strut
mm per strut
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
3.43E+08
3.16E+06
2.03E+06
80.40
mm4 per strut

3
mm per strut
3
mm per strut
mm per strut

=
=
=
=
=
159000

=
=
=
=
1.07E+11
1.09E+08
9.16E+07
820.5

3
mm per lace section
3
mm per lace section
mm per lace section

=
335.0
N/mm2
0.5
=
0.906
205.0
SUMMARY OF DESIGN
4060
5610
3.500
45.000
3
kN/m
kN/m
metres
Degrees

0.599 + 0.187 + 0 = 0.785
0.793 + 0.206 + 0 = 0.999
0.707 + 0.187 + 0 = 0.894

=
=
=
=
679.0
338.0
53.1
29.5

=
4.01E+09
=
1.37E+07
=
1.18E+07
=
275.0

Plastic =
Compact =
Semi-compact =
OK!
metres
metres
mm
mm
kN
OK!
OK!
mm2 per strut

kg/m per strut
kN/mm2
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
1.000
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.914
Plastic =
36.24
Compact =
36.24
Semi-compact =
38.46
8.154
9.060
13.59
Flange is Plastic.
3.183

y' =
18.30
Web is Plastic.
335.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)

3.1 AXIAL LOAD
=
20096.0
=
27768.1

Mx1
=
=
12.5
336.3
kN
kN

=
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.800
10.00
3129.1
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
kN
kN/m
kNm

1.5
=
kN/m
121.6
=
kNm
=
67.90
mm
Mx3a (Normal)
=
1365
kNm
Mx2
Mx3a (Redundancy)
1885
kNm
=
16.950
=
4.18
mm
Mx4 (Normal)
Mx5
Mx6
=
=
15
0
mm
kNm
=
=
50.00
183.8
kN
kNm
50.00
183.8
kN
kNm
=
=
Mx4 (Redundancy)
0 kNm

Load Combs (ULS)
1.40
1.20
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx1
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx2
1.60
0.50
0.50
0.50
Mx3
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx4
1.40
1.05
1.05
1.05
Mx5
0.00
1.05
0.00
0.00
My1
0.00
0.00
1.05
0.00

Load Combs (ULS)
28134
3755
21101
3286
21101
3286
29156
3286
Mx1
471
353
353
353
Mx2
194
61
61
61
Mx3
1910
1433
1433
1980
Mx4
0
0
0
0
Mx5
0
193
0
0
My1
0
0
193
0

Compound:
Axial
Mx
My
31889
24386
24386
32442
2576
2040
1847
2394
0
0
193
0
Single:
Axial
Mx
My
10630
8129
8129
10814
859
680
616
798
0
0
64
0
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.785
LC1 governs!

=
=
=
LACED
53265
13789
30671
SINGLE
17755
4596
30671
kN
kNm
kNm

Fc/Pc
=
0.599
=
0.458
=
0.458
=
0.609
Mx/Mcx
0.187
0.148
0.134
0.174
My/Mcy
0.000
0.000
0.006
0.000
kN
kNm
kNm
0.785
0.606
0.598
0.783


=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
53.48
5.500
15.54
0.209
707.5
595.1
252.9
40210
13403

= u
(

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w)
0.5
0.860
12.79
0.889
3.186
0.902
30.31
31.09
7.00
0.000
2202
1269
335.0
13789

=
17.92
=
29.10
CHECK: c <50
29.10
*(max( yy, 1.4 c)
=
40.75
5.500
=
Curve (c)
=
15.54
=
0.139
2
=
1219
N/mm
2
=
861.3
N/mm
=
283.7
N/mm2
=
45114
kN
=
15038
kN
Curve (c)
N/mm
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
kN
where
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
kNm
Fc/Pc
mxMx/PyZx myMy/PyZy
=
0.999
=
0.793
0.206
0.000
w
w
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx

=
=
=
1.000
0.950
0.900
OK!

0.770
0.755
0.999
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.999
LC1 governs!

Fc/Pcy
mLTMx/Mb myMy/PyZy
=
0.894
=
0.707
0.187
0.000
=
0.541
0.148
0.000
0.688
0.680
=
0.541
0.134
0.006
0.893
=
0.719
0.174
0.000
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
0.894
LC1 governs!
=
=
=
0.606
0.606
0.807
0.163
0.148
0.192
0.000
0.001
0.000

Waler
Waler Capacity Table

Straight Waler
Proposed Waler Sizes
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Section
No
W18
W18
W18
W18
W18
Proposed Waler Arrangement
X
X
X
X
X
Weight
(kg/m)
148.8
172.0
179.0
241.1
341.0
X
X
X
X
X
X
Weight
(kg/m)
148.8
172.0
179.0
241.1
341.0
415.0
Nominal Size
406
400
610
610
610
X
X
X
X
X
260
400
305
324
324
Lxx (m)
Lyy (m)
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
2 No. Waler
Normal,
Redundancy,
(kN/m)
(kN/m)
2160
1620
1860
1390
2300
3070
3050
4070
4210
5610
Diagonal Waler
Proposed Waler Sizes
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Section
No
W18
W18
W18
W18
W18
W18
Proposed Waler Arrangement
Nominal Size
406
400
610
610
610
610
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. Forces shown are at 0.99 capacity

2. Forces are in increment of 10s
260
400
305
324
324
324
Lxx (m)
Lyy (m)
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
3
3
3
3
3
3
2 No. Waler
Normal,
Redundancy,
(kN/m)
(kN/m)
1670
1250
1490
1110
1820
2430
2440
3250
3360
4490
4180
5570

Waler (Straight Strut)
MAUNSELL CONSULTANTS (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD

DESIGN OF WALERS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 1990/2000
Version 3.0 (A) updated on 31-12-2006
TITLE OF PROJECT : KL METRO SBK LINE - MERDEKA STATION (DD STAGE)

DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 406x260x148.8kg/m of STEEL S355 (Grade 50B)
SECTION REF. : Waler Capacity
(With axial force from splay)
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Assumptions made :
2
1) The waling should be continuous over two or more supports and shall be designed for a maximum bending moment of wL /8, where w is the waling
load per unit length and L is the horizontal waler spacing.
2) The notional moment in y-y axis is taken to be =10 kN/m.
= Double Walers
The load factor (Base case),

The load factor (Exception),
=
=
1.400
1.050
The effective length factor,

=
=
1.000
1.000
Proposed section root radius, r

The depth between the fillets, d
The proposed sectional area, Ag
The proposed section mass, Ms
=
=
=
=
10.20
360.6
18917
148.8
mm
mm
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm

=
=
=
=
7.75E+07
8.98E+05
5.85E+05
63.99
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm
N/mm2
205.0
= 406x260x148.8kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design (SLS) load (Basic)
Design (SLS) load (Exception)
Ultimate design waling load, Pu
=
=
=
1620.0
2160.0
1134.0
kN/m
kN/m
=
=
=
2.000
3.000
2.000
metres
metres
metres

Tributary width from splay load
Steel S275
Steel S355
Number of waling beam, N
Proposed waler section
Local Interactive relationship

0.348 + 0.609 + 0.041 = 0.998
=
=
=
=
6.15E+08
3.23E+06
2.85E+06
180.3
2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
345.0
yy
OK!
1. MEMBER PROPERTIES (SINGLE WALING SECTION)

=
431.0
mm
=
264.8
mm
=
25.00
mm
=
14.90
mm
xx
3. SECTION CLASSIFICATION
mm
kg/m
kN/mm2
=
0.306
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
0.174
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
Web subject to compression throughout, d/t
Plastic =
54.69
Compact =
61.20
Semi-compact =
79.5
0.5
=
0.893
Plastic =
8.035
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39
Proposed section actual b/T

=
5.30
Flange is Plastic.
Proposed section actual d/t
24.20
Web is Plastic.
(Clause 3.6.5)

4. LOADING ONTO THE WALING BEAMS
BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DUE TO WALING LOAD
Moment due to waling load, Mx
Moment due to waling load, My
=
567.0
kNm
Shear due to the waling load, F
=
1247.4
kN
(Sufficient shear connectors needed to be provided)
Axial force onto waling beam, P
=
2268
kN
5. MOMENT AND SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK
(A) SHEAR CAPACITY CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.3)
Proposed waler shear area, Av
=
6422
mm2
Available shear capacity, Fc
kN
=
1329.3
=
0.769
Modulus reduction factor,
Plastic modulus of shear area
=
6.92E+05 mm3
=
y'
345.0
N/mm
10.00
kNm
High shear load, a reduction in proposed section moment capacity !
(B) MOMENT CHECK (AS PER CLAUSE 4.2.5 and 4.2.6)

=
930.3
kNm, for plastic or compact sections as per Clause 4.2.5 and 4.2.6
Moment capacity Mc = ySv
=
kNm, for semi-compact section
Moment capacity, Mc = yZ
=
kNm, for slender section
Moment capacity Mc = yrZ
6) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.2
=
6526
kN
=
930.3
kNm
=
242.2
kNm
The Interaction expression :
7) DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable beam deflection,
Waling beam deflection,
Fc/Pc + Mx / Mcx + My / Mcy < 1.0

Fc / P c +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.348
0.609
=
0.998
=
=
10.00
1.874
mm
mm
My / Mcy
0.041
OK!
OK!
Waler 2x406x260x148.8


DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Assumptions made :
2
= Double Walers

=
=
1.400
1.050

=
=
1.000
1.000

=
=
=
=
22.00
314.0
21454
172.0
mm
mm
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm

=
=
=
=
2.24E+08
1.70E+06
1.12E+06
102.20
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm
N/mm2
205.0
= 400x400x172.0kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
1390.0
1860.0
976.5
kN/m
kN/m
=
=
=
2.000
3.000
2.000
metres
metres
metres

Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.264 + 0.484 + 0.022 = 0.769
=
=
=
=
6.54E+08
3.60E+06
3.27E+06
174.5
345.0
yy
OK!

=
400.0
mm
=
400.0
mm
=
21.00
mm
=
13.00
mm
xx
mm
kg/m
kN/mm2
=
0.347
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
0.132
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
Plastic =
53.04
Compact =
58.74
Semi-compact =
84.8
0.5
=
0.893
Plastic =
8.035
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39

=
9.52
Flange is Semi-compact.
24.15
Web is Plastic.
(Clause 3.6.5)

=
488.3
kNm
=
1074.2
kN
=
1953
kN
=
5200
mm2
kN
=
1076.4
=
0.992
=
5.20E+05 mm3
=
y'
345.0
N/mm
10.00
kNm

=
=
1008.9
=
=
7402
kN
=
1008.9
kNm
=
463.8
kNm
7) DEFLECTION CHECK

Fc / P c +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.264
0.484
=
0.769
=
=
10.00
1.518
mm
mm
My / Mcy
0.022
OK!
OK!
Waler 2x400x400x172


DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Assumptions made :
2
= Double Walers

=
=
1.400
1.050

=
=
1.000
1.000

=
=
=
=
16.50
540.0
22574
179.0
mm
mm
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm

=
=
=
=
1.14E+08
1.14E+06
7.43E+05
71.08
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm
N/mm2
205.0
= 610x305x179.0kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
2300.0
3070.0
1611.8
kN/m
kN/m
=
=
=
2.000
3.000
2.000
metres
metres
metres

Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.414 + 0.552 + 0.033 = 0.998
=
=
=
=
1.51E+09
5.48E+06
4.87E+06
258.8
345.0
yy
OK!

=
620.2
mm
=
307.1
mm
=
23.60
mm
=
14.10
mm
xx
mm
kg/m
kN/mm2
=
0.307
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
0.207
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
Plastic =
54.66
Compact =
61.14
Semi-compact =
75.8
0.5
=
0.893
Plastic =
8.035
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39

=
6.51
Flange is Plastic.
38.30
Web is Plastic.
(Clause 3.6.5)

=
805.9
kNm
=
1772.9
kN
=
3224
kN
=
8745
mm2
kN
=
1810.2
=
0.919
=
1.36E+06 mm3
=
y'
345.0
N/mm
10.00
kNm

=
1461.0
=
=
=
7788
kN
=
1461.0
kNm
=
307.5
kNm
7) DEFLECTION CHECK

Fc / P c +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.414
0.552
=
0.998
=
=
10.00
1.084
mm
mm
My / Mcy
0.033
OK!
OK!
Waler 2x610x305x179


DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Assumptions made :
2
= Double Walers

=
=
1.400
1.050

=
=
1.000
1.000

=
=
=
=
12.70
547.6
30661
241.1
mm
mm
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm

=
=
=
=
1.84E+08
1.72E+06
1.12E+06
77.56
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm
N/mm2
205.0
= 610x324x241.1kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
3050.0
4070.0
2136.8
kN/m
kN/m
=
=
=
2.000
3.000
2.000
metres
metres
metres

Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.404 + 0.531 + 0.022 = 0.956
=
=
=
=
2.14E+09
7.63E+06
6.75E+06
264.4
345.0
yy
OK!

=
635.0
mm
=
329.1
mm
=
31.00
mm
=
17.90
mm
xx
mm
kg/m
kN/mm2
=
0.316
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
0.202
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
Plastic =
54.28
Compact =
60.57
Semi-compact =
76.3
0.5
=
0.893
Plastic =
8.035
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39

=
5.31
Flange is Plastic.
30.59
Web is Plastic.
(Clause 3.6.5)

=
1068.4
kNm
=
2350.4
kN
=
4274
kN
=
11367
mm2
kN
=
2352.9
=
0.996
=
1.80E+06 mm3
=
y'
345.0
N/mm
10.00
kNm

=
2012.9
=
=
=
10578
kN
=
2012.9
kNm
=
464.0
kNm
7) DEFLECTION CHECK

Fc / P c +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.404
0.531
=
0.956
=
=
10.00
1.013
mm
mm
My / Mcy
0.022
OK!
OK!
Waler 2x610x324x241.1


DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Assumptions made :
2
= Double Walers

=
=
1.400
1.050

=
=
1.000
1.000

=
=
=
=
16.50
540.2
43223
341.0
mm
mm
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm

=
=
=
=
2.71E+08
2.52E+06
1.63E+06
79.16
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm
N/mm2
205.0
= 610x324x341.0kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
4210.0
5610.0
2947.0
kN/m
kN/m
=
=
=
2.000
3.000
2.000
metres
metres
metres

Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.407 + 0.526 + 0.015 = 0.948
=
=
=
=
3.17E+09
1.10E+07
9.59E+06
270.9
335.0
yy
OK!

=
661.0
mm
=
333.0
mm
=
43.90
mm
=
24.40
mm
xx
mm
kg/m
kN/mm2
=
0.334
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
0.204
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
Plastic =
54.35
Compact =
60.38
Semi-compact =
77.3
0.5
=
0.906
Plastic =
8.154
Compact =
9.06
Semi-compact =
13.59

=
3.79
Flange is Plastic.
22.14
Web is Plastic.
(Clause 3.6.5)

=
1473.5
kNm
=
3241.7
kN
=
5894
kN
=
16128
mm2
kN
=
3241.8
=
1.000
=
2.67E+06 mm3
=
y'
335.0
N/mm
10.00
kNm

=
2800.8
=
=
=
14480
kN
=
2800.8
kNm
=
654.0
kNm
7) DEFLECTION CHECK

Fc / P c +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.407
0.526
=
0.948
=
=
10.00
0.944
mm
mm
My / Mcy
0.015
OK!
OK!
Waler 2x610x324x341

Waler (Diagonal Strut)


SECTION REF. : DIAGONAL WALER CAPACITY
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Assumptions made :
2
= Double Walers

=
=
1.400
1.050

=
=
1.000
1.000

=
=
=
=
10.20
360.6
18917
148.8
mm
mm
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm

=
=
=
=
7.75E+07
8.98E+05
5.85E+05
63.99
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm
N/mm2
205.0
= 406x260x148.8kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
1250.0
1670.0
876.8
kN/m
kN/m
=
=
=
2.500
3.000
1.750
metres
metres
metres

Maximum diagonal spacing
Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.235 + 0.717 + 0.041 = 0.993
=
=
=
=
6.15E+08
3.23E+06
2.85E+06
180.3
345.0
yy
OK!

=
431.0
mm
=
264.8
mm
=
25.00
mm
=
14.90
mm
xx
mm
kg/m
kN/mm2
=
0.236
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
0.134
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
Plastic =
57.76
Compact =
65.90
Semi-compact =
84.4
0.5
=
0.893
Plastic =
8.035
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39

=
5.30
Flange is Plastic.
24.20
Web is Plastic.
(Clause 3.6.5)

=
685.0
kNm
=
1205.5
kN
=
1534
kN
=
6422
mm2
kN
=
1329.3
=
0.662
=
6.92E+05 mm3
=
y'
345.0
N/mm
10.00
kNm

=
955.7
=
=
=
6526
kN
=
955.7
kNm
=
242.2
kNm
7) DEFLECTION CHECK

Fc / P c +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.235
0.717
=
0.993
=
=
12.50
3.537
mm
mm
My / Mcy
0.041
OK!
OK!
DWaler 2x406x260x148.8


DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Assumptions made :
2
= Double Walers

=
=
1.400
1.050

=
=
1.000
1.000

=
=
=
=
22.00
314.0
21454
172.0
mm
mm
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm

=
=
=
=
2.24E+08
1.70E+06
1.12E+06
102.20
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm
N/mm2
205.0
= 400x400x172.0kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
1110.0
1490.0
782.3
kN/m
kN/m
=
=
=
2.500
3.000
1.750
metres
metres
metres

Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.185 + 0.606 + 0.022 = 0.813
=
=
=
=
6.54E+08
3.60E+06
3.27E+06
174.5
345.0
yy
OK!

=
400.0
mm
=
400.0
mm
=
21.00
mm
=
13.00
mm
xx
mm
kg/m
kN/mm2
=
0.278
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
0.106
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
Plastic =
55.90
Compact =
63.02
Semi-compact =
88.4
0.5
=
0.893
Plastic =
8.035
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39

=
9.52
24.15
Web is Plastic.
(Clause 3.6.5)

=
611.1
kNm
=
1075.6
kN
=
1369
kN
=
5200
mm2
kN
=
1076.4
=
0.997
=
5.20E+05 mm3
=
y'
345.0
N/mm
10.00
kNm

=
=
1008.2
=
=
7402
kN
=
1008.2
kNm
=
463.8
kNm
7) DEFLECTION CHECK

Fc / P c +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.185
0.606
=
0.813
=
=
12.50
2.969
mm
mm
My / Mcy
0.022
OK!
OK!
DWaler 2x400x400x172


DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Assumptions made :
2
= Double Walers

=
=
1.400
1.050

=
=
1.000
1.000

=
=
=
=
16.50
540.0
22574
179.0
mm
mm
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm

=
=
=
=
1.14E+08
1.14E+06
7.43E+05
71.08
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm
N/mm2
205.0
= 610x305x179.0kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
1820.0
2430.0
1275.8
kN/m
kN/m
=
=
=
2.500
3.000
1.750
metres
metres
metres

Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.287 + 0.674 + 0.033 = 0.993
=
=
=
=
1.51E+09
5.48E+06
4.87E+06
258.8
345.0
yy
OK!

=
620.2
mm
=
307.1
mm
=
23.60
mm
=
14.10
mm
xx
mm
kg/m
kN/mm2
=
0.243
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
0.164
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
Plastic =
57.47
Compact =
65.44
Semi-compact =
80.7
0.5
=
0.893
Plastic =
8.035
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39

=
6.51
Flange is Plastic.
38.30
Web is Plastic.
(Clause 3.6.5)

=
996.7
kNm
=
1754.2
kN
=
2233
kN
=
8745
mm2
kN
=
1810.2
=
0.880
=
1.36E+06 mm3
=
y'
345.0
N/mm
10.00
kNm

=
1479.4
=
=
=
7788
kN
=
1479.4
kNm
=
307.5
kNm
7) DEFLECTION CHECK

Fc / P c +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.287
0.674
=
0.993
=
=
12.50
2.094
mm
mm
My / Mcy
0.033
OK!
OK!


DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Assumptions made :
2
= Double Walers

=
=
1.400
1.050

=
=
1.000
1.000

=
=
=
=
12.70
547.6
30661
241.1
mm
mm
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm

=
=
=
=
1.84E+08
1.72E+06
1.12E+06
77.56
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm
N/mm2
205.0
= 610x324x241.1kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
2440.0
3250.0
1708.0
kN/m
kN/m
=
=
=
2.500
3.000
1.750
metres
metres
metres

Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.283 + 0.662 + 0.022 = 0.966
=
=
=
=
2.14E+09
7.63E+06
6.75E+06
264.4
345.0
yy
OK!

=
635.0
mm
=
329.1
mm
=
31.00
mm
=
17.90
mm
xx
mm
kg/m
kN/mm2
=
0.253
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
0.161
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
Plastic =
57.02
Compact =
64.75
Semi-compact =
81.0
0.5
=
0.893
Plastic =
8.035
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39

=
5.31
Flange is Plastic.
30.59
Web is Plastic.
(Clause 3.6.5)

=
1334.4
kNm
=
2348.5
kN
=
2989
kN
=
11367
mm2
kN
=
2352.9
=
0.993
=
1.80E+06 mm3
=
y'
345.0
N/mm
10.00
kNm

=
2014.9
=
=
=
10578
kN
=
2014.9
kNm
=
464.0
kNm
7) DEFLECTION CHECK

Fc / P c +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.283
0.662
=
0.966
=
=
12.50
1.977
mm
mm
My / Mcy
0.022
OK!
OK!
DWaler 2x610x324x241.1


DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Assumptions made :
2
= Double Walers

=
=
1.400
1.050

=
=
1.000
1.000

=
=
=
=
16.50
540.2
43223
341.0
mm
mm
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm

=
=
=
=
2.71E+08
2.52E+06
1.63E+06
79.16
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm
N/mm2
205.0
= 610x324x341.0kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
3360.0
4490.0
2357.3
kN/m
kN/m
=
=
=
2.500
3.000
1.750
metres
metres
metres

Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.285 + 0.657 + 0.015 = 0.958
=
=
=
=
3.17E+09
1.10E+07
9.59E+06
270.9
335.0
yy
OK!

=
661.0
mm
=
333.0
mm
=
43.90
mm
=
24.40
mm
xx
mm
kg/m
kN/mm2
=
0.267
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
0.163
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
Plastic =
57.21
Compact =
64.70
Semi-compact =
82.0
0.5
=
0.906
Plastic =
8.154
Compact =
9.06
Semi-compact =
13.59

=
3.79
Flange is Plastic.
22.14
Web is Plastic.
(Clause 3.6.5)

=
1841.6
kNm
=
3241.2
kN
=
4125
kN
=
16128
mm2
kN
=
3241.8
=
0.999
=
2.67E+06 mm3
=
y'
335.0
N/mm
10.00
kNm

=
2801.3
=
=
=
14480
kN
=
2801.3
kNm
=
654.0
kNm
7) DEFLECTION CHECK

Fc / P c +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.285
0.657
=
0.958
=
=
12.50
1.844
mm
mm
My / Mcy
0.015
OK!
OK!


DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Assumptions made :
2
= Double Walers

=
=
1.400
1.050

=
=
1.000
1.000

=
=
=
=
16.50
539.8
52793
415.0
mm
mm
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm

=
=
=
=
3.43E+08
3.16E+06
2.03E+06
80.60
mm4
mm3
mm3
mm
N/mm2
205.0
= 610x324x415.0kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
4180.0
5570.0
2926.0
kN/m
kN/m
=
=
=
2.500
3.000
1.750
metres
metres
metres

Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.29 + 0.665 + 0.012 = 0.967
=
=
=
=
3.99E+09
1.37E+07
1.17E+07
274.8
335.0
yy
OK!

=
679.0
mm
=
338.0
mm
=
53.10
mm
=
29.50
mm
xx
mm
kg/m
kN/mm2
=
0.274
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
=
0.165
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
Plastic =
56.88
Compact =
64.20
Semi-compact =
81.7
0.5
=
0.906
Plastic =
8.154
Compact =
9.06
Semi-compact =
13.59

=
3.18
Flange is Plastic.
18.30
Web is Plastic.
(Clause 3.6.5)

=
2285.9
kNm
=
4023.3
kN
=
5121
kN
=
20031
mm2
kN
=
4026.1
=
0.997
=
3.40E+06 mm3
=
y'
335.0
N/mm
10.00
kNm

=
3438.0
=
=
=
17686
kN
=
3438.0
kNm
=
815.8
kNm
7) DEFLECTION CHECK

Fc / P c +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.290
0.665
=
0.967
=
=
12.50
1.821
mm
mm
My / Mcy
0.012
OK!
OK!

Splay
Splay Capacity Table
Proposed Splay Sizes

No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Section
No
W18
W18
W18
W18
W18
W18
Nominal Size
406
400
610
610
610
610
X
X
X
X
X
X
Notes:
1. Forces shown are at 0.99 capacity
2. Forces are in increment of 10s
260
400
324
324
324
324
X
X
X
X
X
X
Weight
(kg/m)
148.8
172.0
241.0
341.0
415.0
455.0
Proposed Splay arrangement

Lxx
Lyy
Spacing Angle
(m)
(m)
(m)
(deg.)
2.83
2.83
6
45
2.83
2.83
6
45
2.83
2.83
6
45
2.83
2.83
6
45
2.83
2.83
6
45
2.83
2.83
6
45
Normal,
(kN/m)
Redundancy,
(kN/m)
250
380
520
750
940
1000
360
510
700
1000
1240
1360
AECOM PTE LTD

DESIGN OF KNEE STRUTS WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000
SECTION REF. : SPLAY CAPACITY
REVISION : -
Proposed knee strut section
= 406x260x148.8kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Design axial (SLS) load (Basic)
Tributary spacing of strut, Ls
=
=
=
250.0
360.0
6.000
kN/m
kN/m
metres
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.514 + 0.166 + 0.184 = 0.864
OK!

0.626 + 0.188 + 0.184 = 0.998
0.626 + 0.186 + 0.184 = 0.996
OK!
OK!
1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED KNEE STRUT SECTION

=
431.0
mm per strut
=
264.8
mm per strut
=
25.00
mm per strut
=
14.90
mm per strut
=
10.20
mm per strut
=
360.6
mm per strut
=
18917
mm2 per strut
=
148.8
kg/m per strut
=
345.0
N/mm2
0.893
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] 0.5 =

=
=
=
2.830
2.830
45.00

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
6.15E+08
7.75E+07
3.23E+06
2.85E+06
8.77E+05
5.85E+05
180.3
63.99
205.0
metres
metres
Degrees
mm4 per strut

mm4 per strut
3
mm per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm
mm
kN/mm2
=
1.000
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.514
Plastic =
35.71
Compact =
35.71
Semi-compact =
52.83

Plastic =
8.035
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39
5.30
Flange is Plastic.

y'
24.20
Web is Plastic.
345.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
3. LOADING INFORMATION
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.300
10.00
The load factor (Basic),

The load factor (temp),
=
=
=
1.400
1.050
1.200
=
=
=
Strut Load
(kN)
2970
2546
3207
Load Combinations
(3 Load Cases)
LC1 : 1.4xSL
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
Thermal L.
(kN)
0.000
167.5
146.6
A) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO SELF-WEIGHT AND ECCENTRICITY

Imposed load onto section
=
0.500
kN/m
Service load onto section, Pv,s
=
1.988
kN/m per section
Ultimate load onto section, Pv,u
=
2.087
kN/m per section
0.013
mm
Strut deflection, 1 = 5wL4/384EI =
The minimum strut eccentricity, 2 =
43.10
mm
=
43.11
mm
Total eccentricity, ecc,T = 1+ 2
Moment due to eccentricity, M1
=
144.60
kNm
Moment due to the strut wt, M2
=
2.886
kNm
Moment from accident load, M3
=
37.14
kNm
Total moment, Mx = M1+ M2 + M3 =
184.6
kNm
Total ultimate (ULS) load, Pult
3354
kN
B) BENDING MOMENT DUE TO ACCIDENTAL LOAD

Assumed accidental load, Pa
=
50.00
kN
Moment from accidental load,My
=
37.14
kNm
Splay 406x260x148.8
4. DESIGN OF KNEE STRUT / SPLAY AND ITS CONNECTION

A) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1
=
6526
kN
=
1113.8
kNm
=
201.9
kNm
The Interaction Expression :

Fc / Pc +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.514
0.166
=
0.864
My / Mcy
0.184
OK!
B) OVERALL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

I) SECTION COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.7.4)
=
15.70
Curve (c)
=
5.500
=
15.32
=
8213
N/mm2
=
0.002
2
=
4287
N/mm
=
344.2
N/mm2
Compression resistance, Pcx
=
6512
kN

Compression resistance, Pcy
II) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

The equivalent slenderness, LT = u
( w) 0.5 where
=
=
=
=
=
1.000
0.887
0.931
308.2
995.0
N/mm2
kNm

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w
w
44.22
5.500
15.32
1035
0.159
772
283.0
5354
Curve (c)
N/mm2
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx
=
=
=
1.000
1.000
1.000
F c / Pc +
mxMx / PyZx + myMy / PyZy
For Major axis In-plane Buckling =
=
0.626
0.188
0.184
=
0.998
OK!
Fc / Pcy + mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy
=
=
0.626
0.186
0.184
=
0.996
OK!
Splay 406x260x148.8
AECOM PTE LTD

REVISION : -
= 400x400x172.0kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
380.0
510.0
6.000
kN/m
kN/m
metres
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.636 + 0.203 + 0.096 = 0.935
OK!

0.686 + 0.203 + 0.096 = 0.985
0.686 + 0.203 + 0.096 = 0.985
OK!
OK!

=
400.0
mm per strut
=
400.0
mm per strut
=
21.00
mm per strut
=
13.00
mm per strut
=
22.00
mm per strut
=
314.0
mm per strut
=
21454
mm2 per strut
=
172.0
kg/m per strut
=
345.0
N/mm2
0.893

=
=
=
2.830
2.830
45.00

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
6.54E+08
2.24E+08
3.60E+06
3.27E+06
1.68E+06
1.12E+06
174.5
102.20
205.0
metres
metres
Degrees
mm4 per strut

mm4 per strut
3
mm per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm
mm
kN/mm2
=
1.000
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.636
Plastic =
35.71
Compact =
35.71
Semi-compact =
47.14

Plastic =
8.035
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39
9.52

y'
24.15
Web is Plastic.
345.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.300
10.00

=
=
=
1.400
1.050
1.200
=
=
=
Strut Load
(kN)
4514
3869
4544
Load Combinations
(3 Load Cases)
LC1 : 1.4xSL
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
Thermal L.
(kN)
0.000
190.0
166.2

=
0.500
kN/m
=
2.220
kN/m per section
=
2.331
kN/m per section
0.014
mm
40.00
mm
=
40.01
mm
=
188.47
kNm
=
3.212
kNm
=
37.14
kNm
228.8
kNm
4710
kN

=
50.00
kN
=
37.14
kNm
Splay 400x400x172

=
7402
kN
=
1127.5
kNm
=
386.5
kNm

Fc / Pc +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.636
0.203
=
0.935
My / Mcy
0.096
OK!

=
16.21
Curve (c)
=
5.500
=
15.32
=
7697
N/mm2
=
0.005
2
=
4040
N/mm
=
343.2
N/mm2
=
7364
kN


( w) 0.5 where
=
=
=
=
=
1.000
0.850
0.975
345.0
1127.5
N/mm2
kNm

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w
w
27.69
5.500
15.32
2638
0.068
1582
320.2
6869
Curve (c)
N/mm2
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx
=
=
=
1.000
1.000
1.000
F c / Pc +
=
0.686
0.203
0.096
=
0.985
OK!
=
=
0.686
0.203
0.096
=
0.985
OK!
Splay 400x400x172
AECOM PTE LTD

REVISION : -
= 610x324x241.1kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
520.0
700.0
6.000
kN/m
kN/m
metres
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.612 + 0.172 + 0.096 = 0.88
OK!

0.701 + 0.194 + 0.096 = 0.991
0.701 + 0.18 + 0.096 = 0.977
OK!
OK!

=
635.0
mm per strut
=
329.1
mm per strut
=
31.00
mm per strut
=
17.90
mm per strut
=
12.70
mm per strut
=
547.6
mm per strut
=
30661
mm2 per strut
=
241.1
kg/m per strut
=
345.0
N/mm2
0.893

=
=
=
2.830
2.830
45.00

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2.14E+09
1.84E+08
7.63E+06
6.75E+06
1.68E+06
1.12E+06
264.4
77.56
205.0
metres
metres
Degrees
mm4 per strut

mm4 per strut
3
mm per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm
mm
kN/mm2
=
1.000
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.612
Plastic =
35.71
Compact =
35.71
Semi-compact =
48.17

Plastic =
8.035
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39
5.31
Flange is Plastic.

y'
30.59
Web is Plastic.
345.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.300
10.00

=
=
=
1.400
1.050
1.200
=
=
=
Strut Load
(kN)
6177
5295
6237
Load Combinations
(3 Load Cases)
LC1 : 1.4xSL
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
Thermal L.
(kN)
0.000
271.5
237.6

=
0.500
kN/m
=
2.911
kN/m per section
=
3.057
kN/m per section
0.006
mm
63.50
mm
=
63.51
mm
=
411.15
kNm
=
4.180
kNm
=
37.14
kNm
452.5
kNm
6474
kN

=
50.00
kN
=
37.14
kNm
Splay 610x324x241

=
10578
kN
=
2632.8
kNm
=
386.7
kNm

Fc / Pc +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.612
0.172
=
0.880
My / Mcy
0.096
OK!

=
10.70
Curve (c)
=
5.500
=
15.32
=
17659
N/mm2
=
0.000
2
=
9002
N/mm
=
345.0
N/mm2
=
10578
kN


( w) 0.5 where
=
=
=
=
=
1.000
0.888
0.964
329.0
2510.5
N/mm2
kNm

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w
w
36.49
5.500
15.32
1520
0.116
1021
301.2
9236
Curve (c)
N/mm2
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx
=
=
=
1.000
1.000
1.000
F c / Pc +
=
0.701
0.194
0.096
=
0.991
OK!
=
=
0.701
0.180
0.096
=
0.977
OK!
Splay 610x324x241
AECOM PTE LTD

REVISION : -
= 610x324x341.0kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
750.0
1000.0
6.000
kN/m
kN/m
metres
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.638 + 0.177 + 0.068 = 0.884
OK!

0.726 + 0.203 + 0.068 = 0.997
0.726 + 0.184 + 0.068 = 0.978
OK!
OK!

=
661.0
mm per strut
=
333.0
mm per strut
=
43.90
mm per strut
=
24.40
mm per strut
=
16.50
mm per strut
=
540.2
mm per strut
=
43223
mm2 per strut
=
341.0
kg/m per strut
=
335.0
N/mm2
0.906

=
=
=
2.830
2.830
45.00

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3.17E+09
2.71E+08
1.10E+07
9.59E+06
2.43E+06
1.63E+06
270.9
79.16
205.0
metres
metres
Degrees
mm4 per strut

mm4 per strut
3
mm per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm
mm
kN/mm2
=
1.000
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.638
Plastic =
36.24
Compact =
36.24
Semi-compact =
47.75

Plastic =
8.154
Compact =
9.06
Semi-compact =
13.59
3.79
Flange is Plastic.

y'
22.14
Web is Plastic.
335.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.300
10.00

=
=
=
1.400
1.050
1.200
=
=
=
Strut Load
(kN)
8910
7637
8910
Load Combinations
(3 Load Cases)
LC1 : 1.4xSL
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
Thermal L.
(kN)
0.000
382.8
334.9

=
0.500
kN/m
=
3.910
kN/m per section
=
4.106
kN/m per section
0.005
mm
66.10
mm
=
66.11
mm
=
611.11
kNm
=
5.580
kNm
=
37.14
kNm
653.8
kNm
9244
kN

=
50.00
kN
=
37.14
kNm
Splay 610x324x341

=
14480
kN
=
3693.5
kNm
=
545.0
kNm

Fc / Pc +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.638
0.177
=
0.884
My / Mcy
0.068
OK!

=
10.45
Curve (c)
=
5.500
=
15.54
=
18534
N/mm2
=
0.000
2
=
9435
N/mm
=
335.0
N/mm2
=
14480
kN


( w) 0.5 where
=
=
=
=
=
1.000
0.890
0.940
322.7
3558.0
N/mm2
kNm

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w
w
35.75
5.500
15.54
1583
0.111
1047
294.7
12740
Curve (c)
N/mm2
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx
=
=
=
1.000
1.000
1.000
F c / Pc +
=
0.726
0.203
0.068
=
0.997
OK!
=
=
0.726
0.184
0.068
=
0.978
OK!
Splay 610x324x341
AECOM PTE LTD

REVISION : -
= 610x324x415.0kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
940.0
1240.0
6.000
kN/m
kN/m
metres
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.648 + 0.18 + 0.055 = 0.882
OK!

0.733 + 0.209 + 0.055 = 0.996
0.733 + 0.186 + 0.055 = 0.973
OK!
OK!

=
679.0
mm per strut
=
338.0
mm per strut
=
53.10
mm per strut
=
29.50
mm per strut
=
16.50
mm per strut
=
539.8
mm per strut
=
52793
mm2 per strut
=
415.0
kg/m per strut
=
335.0
N/mm2
0.906

=
=
=
2.830
2.830
45.00

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3.99E+09
3.43E+08
1.37E+07
1.17E+07
3.03E+06
2.03E+06
274.8
80.60
205.0
metres
metres
Degrees
mm4 per strut

mm4 per strut
3
mm per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm
mm
kN/mm2
=
1.000
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.648
Plastic =
36.24
Compact =
36.24
Semi-compact =
47.36

Plastic =
8.154
Compact =
9.06
Semi-compact =
13.59
3.18
Flange is Plastic.

y'
18.30
Web is Plastic.
335.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.300
10.00

=
=
=
1.400
1.050
1.200
=
=
=
Strut Load
(kN)
11167
9571
11048
Load Combinations
(3 Load Cases)
LC1 : 1.4xSL
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
Thermal L.
(kN)
0.000
467.5
409.1

=
0.500
kN/m
=
4.650
kN/m per section
=
4.883
kN/m per section
0.005
mm
67.90
mm
=
67.90
mm
=
777.98
kNm
=
6.617
kNm
=
37.14
kNm
821.7
kNm
11457
kN

=
50.00
kN
=
37.14
kNm
Splay 610x324x415

=
17686
kN
=
4573.8
kNm
=
679.8
kNm

Fc / Pc +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.648
0.180
=
0.882
My / Mcy
0.055
OK!

=
10.30
Curve (c)
=
5.500
=
15.54
=
19074
N/mm2
=
0.000
2
=
9704
N/mm
=
335.0
N/mm2
=
17686
kN


( w) 0.5 where
=
=
=
=
=
1.000
0.889
0.923
324.5
4429.8
N/mm2
kNm

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w
w
35.11
5.500
15.54
1641
0.108
1076
296.1
15633
Curve (c)
N/mm2
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx
=
=
=
1.000
1.000
1.000
F c / Pc +
=
0.733
0.209
0.055
=
0.996
OK!
=
=
0.733
0.186
0.055
=
0.973
OK!
Splay 610x324x415
AECOM PTE LTD

REVISION : -
= 610x324x455.0kg/m
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
=
=
=
1000.0
1360.0
6.000
kN/m
kN/m
metres
DESIGNED BY : CWT
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 30-07-12
Steel S275
Steel S355
(Governing load)

0.65 + 0.18 + 0.049 = 0.88
OK!

0.734 + 0.211 + 0.049 = 0.994
0.734 + 0.186 + 0.049 = 0.969
OK!
OK!

=
689.0
mm per strut
=
340.0
mm per strut
=
57.90
mm per strut
=
32.00
mm per strut
=
16.50
mm per strut
=
540.2
mm per strut
=
57714
mm2 per strut
=
455.0
kg/m per strut
=
335.0
N/mm2
0.906

=
=
=
2.830
2.830
45.00

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
4.43E+09
3.81E+08
1.51E+07
1.29E+07
3.35E+06
2.24E+06
277.2
81.23
205.0
metres
metres
Degrees
mm4 per strut

mm4 per strut
3
mm per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm
mm
kN/mm2
=
1.000
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
0.650
Plastic =
36.24
Compact =
36.24
Semi-compact =
47.28

Plastic =
8.154
Compact =
9.06
Semi-compact =
13.59
2.94
Flange is Plastic.

y'
16.88
Web is Plastic.
335.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
=
=
=
1.20E-05
0.300
10.00

=
=
=
1.400
1.050
1.200
=
=
=
Strut Load
(kN)
11879
10182
12117
Load Combinations
(3 Load Cases)
LC1 : 1.4xSL
LC2 : 1.2xSL + 1.2xTL
LC3 : 1.05xEL+ 1.05xTL
per Degree Celsius

Degree Celsius
Thermal L.
(kN)
0.000
511.1
447.2

=
0.500
kN/m
=
5.050
kN/m per section
=
5.303
kN/m per section
0.005
mm
68.90
mm
=
68.90
mm
=
865.73
kNm
=
7.178
kNm
=
37.14
kNm
910.1
kNm
12564
kN

=
50.00
kN
=
37.14
kNm
Splay 610x324x455

=
19334
kN
=
5042.5
kNm
=
750.5
kNm

Fc / Pc +
Mx / Mcx +
=
=
0.650
0.180
=
0.880
My / Mcy
0.049
OK!

=
10.21
Curve (c)
=
5.500
=
15.54
=
19407
N/mm2
=
0.000
2
=
9871
N/mm
=
335.0
N/mm2
=
19334
kN


( w) 0.5 where
=
=
=
=
=
1.000
0.889
0.915
325.2
4894.9
N/mm2
kNm

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
w
w
34.84
5.500
15.54
1667
0.106
1089
296.7
17124
Curve (c)
N/mm2
2
N/mm
N/mm2
kN
= Zx/Sx
= Zx/Sx
=
=
=
1.000
1.000
1.000
F c / Pc +
=
0.734
0.211
0.049
=
0.994
OK!
=
=
0.734
0.186
0.049
=
0.969
OK!
Splay 610x324x455

Runner Beam
Summary On Runner Force for Merdeka Station
Strut Layer
Strut Level
(mRL)
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
45.2
39.3
33.3
27.5
22.5
19
Strut Size
2X610X305x179kg/m
2X610X324X415kg/m
3X610X324X415kg/m
3X610X324X455kg/m
3X610X324X415.0kg/m
2X610X324X415kg/m
No. of
Strut
Single Strut
Weight (kg/m)
Spacing
(m)
Plaxis Strut
Force (kN/m)
Angle of strut
inclination,
(deg)
Strut Force
(kN)
Length of strut
considered for
load on runner
(m)
2.5% Vertical
Restraint (kN)
2
2
3
3
3
2
178
415
415
455
415
415
6
6
6
6
6
6
556.0
1387.0
2572.0
2871.0
2134.0
1404.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3340
8325
15435
17230
12805
8425
12
12
12
12
12
12
84
208
386
431
320
211
Total Strut weight

Total Vertical
+ 1.5 kN/m*Lx
Load on runner,
strut (kN)
kN
79
136
203
218
203
136
162
344
589
649
524
346
Lx of
Ly of
Proposed Runner Size
Runner (m) Runner (m)
2xUC400x400x172
2xUC400x400x172
2xUC400x400x172
2xUC400x400x172
2xUC400x400x172
2xUC400x400x172
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
No. of
Runner
Beam
Single
Runner
Weight
(kg/m)
2
2
2
2
2
2
172
172
172
172
172
172
Total Runner
Weight + 1.5
Total Load to
kN/m
King Post (kN)
construction load
(kN/m)
6.44
6.44
6.44
6.44
6.44
6.44
213.74
395.25
640.80
700.07
575.05
397.75
2.5% Lateral
Restraint (kN)
No. of struts to
Strong Bay
Intermediate
lateral restraint
reduction factor
Axial Load to
Single Runner
Beam (kN)
84
208
386
431
320
211
3
3
3
3
3
3
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.73
0.73
91
228
423
472
351
231
Max (SLS)
Max (ULS)
Max. SF
to Single
Runner
(kN)
Max. BM
to Single
Runner
(kNm)
337.16
350.04
472
337
661
472
input into RB spreadsheet
350
490
Assumed runner beam is simply supported at both ends at king post (safe assumption)
P2
P1
Strut layer considered

Number of runner
Strut Load on single runner, P1
Strut Load on single runner, P2
Nearest distance to KP, X
Length of Runner Beam, L
S/W + 1.5kN/m of single runner
Reaction R1
Reaction R2
4
2
324.3
324.3
1
8
3.22
kN
Kn
m
Max. Design SF
Max. Design BM
337.155 kN
350.035 kNm
kN/m
337.155 kN
337.155 kN
SF Profile
333.935
337.155
9.7
-9.7
4m
-333.9
-337.155
BM Profile
335.545
335.545
350.035
Calculation for Max. BM if the above SF & BM profiles are not true
Max. SF
Max. BM
337.155 kN
350.035 kNm

DESIGN OF STEEL MEMBER WITH ROLLED STEEL SECTION IN ACCORDANCE TO BS5950 : PART 1 : 2000
TITLE OF PROJECT : KLANG VALLEY MRT PROJECT (BLUE LINE) - MERDEKA STATION
DESIGN SECTION : STRUCTURAL CAPACITY OF 400x400x172.0kg/m of Steel S355 (Grade 50B)
SECTION REF. : SECTION T3-T3 SS3 RUNNER BEAM
Proposed runner beam section = 400x400x172.0kg/m
DESIGNED BY : ASMS
CHECKED BY : LKW
DATE : 18/07/2012
Steel S275
Steel S355
SUMMARY OF INPUTS
Ultimate (ULS) design load, Pult
Ultimate (ULS) shear load, Fs
Induced beam moment (ULS)
r1 = Fc/d x t x yw
r2 = Fc/Ag x yw
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
661.0
472.0
490.0
8.000
8.000
0.469
0.089
kN
kN
kNm
metres
metres
0.089 + 0.452 + 0 = 0.541
OK!

0.162 + 0.452 + 0 = 0.614
0.162 + 0.596 + 0 = 0.758
OK!
OK!
1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED RUNNER BEAM SECTION

400.0
mm per strut
=
=
400.0
mm per strut
=
21.00
mm per strut
=
13.00
mm per strut
=
22.00
mm per strut
=
314.0
mm per strut
2
=
21454
mm per strut
=
172.0
kg/m per strut

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
6.54E+08
2.24E+08
3.60E+06
3.27E+06
1.68E+06
1.12E+06
174.5
102.20

=
345.0
N/mm2
=
0.893
Value of epsilon, = [ 275/py ] 0.5
205.0

8.035
Plastic =
Compact =
8.93
Semi-compact =
13.39

Plastic =
48.61
Compact =
52.39
Semi-compact =
90.9

9.524

y'
mm per strut
mm4 per strut
mm3 per strut
3
mm per strut
mm3 per strut
mm3 per strut
mm
mm
kN/mm2
24.15
Web is Plastic.
345.0
N/mm2
(Clause 3.6.5)
Moment due to self-weight, M1
=
19.26
kNm
Bending moment in x-x axis, Mx
=
509.3
kNm
Proposed beam shear area, Av
=
5200
mm2
kN
=
1076.4
=
=
mm3

=
0.000
kN
=
0.000
kNm
Low shear load, no reduction in moment capacity.

=
=
1127.5
=
=
7402
kN
=
1127.5
kNm
=
386.5
kNm

Mx / Mcx +
Fc / Pc +
=
=
0.089
0.452
=
0.541
My / Mcy
0.000
OK!
6) OVERALL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

=
45.83
The beam slenderness, xx
Curve (c)
=
5.500
=
279.1
N/mm2
=
5987
kN
=
1.000
=
0.850
=
0.858
2
=
261.4
N/mm
=
854.2
kNm
The beam slenderness, yy

=
=
=
=
78.28
5.500
190.0
4076

=
=
=
1.000
1.000
1.000
Curve (c)
N/mm2
kN
Fc / Pc +
=
=
0.162
0.452
0.000
=
0.614
OK!
Fc / Pcy +
mLTMx / Mb + myMy / PyZy
=
=
0.162
0.596
0.000
=
0.758
OK!
RB Design T3-T3

Strut Design Sheet

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Strut Design Sheet

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Typical Strutting Calculation

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD

Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Proposed effective length, Lxx

Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA

Section root radius, r

mm4 per strut

Section moment of inertia, Iyy

mm4 per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED DOUBLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Iyy

mm4 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel

Local Interactive Relationship

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Outstand element of compression flange, b/T

mm2 per strut

Proposed section actual d/t =

3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx

3.1.2 Temperature Load

per Degree Celsius

3.2.2 Bending due to imposed load, M x2

Allowable deflection based on L/1000

2< L/1000, No need to consider P-delta effect

4 SUMMARY OF LOADING INFORMATIONS

4.2 Factored Loadings (ULS)

4.3 SUMMARY OF FORCES

5. LACED STRUT SECTION CAPACITY CHECK

I) LOCAL CAPACITY CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

II) THE OVERALL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

The strut slenderness, xx

B) SECTION BENDING STRENGTH (CLAUSE 4.3.6.7)

The value of parameter w

Based on BS5950-1:2000, Section 4.7.8 (g) Laced Strut Requirement

The moment coefficient, mLT

LC2a: Accidental Load (x-direction)

III) THE LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING CHECK AS PER CLAUSE 4.8.3.3.1

strut capacity 2X406X260X148.8

AECOM SINGAPORE PTE LTD

Version 6.0 updated on 24-05-2011

SUMMARY OF DESIGN INFORMATION

Proposed effective length, Lxx

Proposed Strut Stiffness, EA

Section root radius, r

mm4 per strut

Section moment of inertia, Iyy

mm4 per strut

B) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED TRIPLE LACED STRUT SECTION

Section moment of inertia, Iyy

mm4 per lace section

2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION

Elastic modulus of Steel, Esteel

Local Interactive Relationship

1. PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED STRUT SECTION

A) PROPERTIES OF PROPOSED SINGLE STRUT SECTION

Outstand element of compression flange, b/T

mm2 per strut

Proposed section actual d/t =

3. LOADING INFORMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

3.2 BENDING ABOUT MAJOR AXIS, Mx