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THE
GIANT
SQUID!
STUDENTS WILL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2s3C
kQE0
Na+
Potassium, K+
ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL
RESTING POTENTIAL
But remember that cells
are a little more complicated
than that
Inside cell (intracellular)
high conc. of potassium some sodium
Anions proteins, amino acids, sulfate, phosphate,
other negatively charged ions like Cl- (low conc. for
Cl-)
Outside cell (extracellular)
reversed - low conc. of potassium high sodium
Cl- main anion with other ions present
Na+
wants IN
K+ wants OUT
Diffusion
DEPOLARIZATION
1.
2.
http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=pbg5E9GCNV
E
SO
The nice little neuron is just sitting there,
minding her own business when....
WHAM!
REPOLARIZATION
Order must be restored (this isnt the only signal
this neuron is going to send!)
1. K+ channels open and pump potassium back
into the cell
2. Eventually the cell potential comes back to 70mV and the channels close.
** These channels are a bit slow. They wait until the
potential is AT -70mV before closing, resulting in a
slight HYPERPOLARIZATION (-80mV)
SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQ-wQsEK21E
ACTION POTENTIALS
WITH A VOLTMETER:
PRACTICE:
ALL-OR-NONE RESPONSE
NERVE IMPULSES
Nerve impulses must be as strong at the
end as they were at the beginning
They are slower than electricity on a wire,
but as high as 100 metres per second
Its the movement of positively charged
ions across cell membrane that causes an
impulse (ie. the Action Potential)
SUMMARY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifD1YG07fB
8
This one:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7EyhsOewn
H4
IMPORTANT TERMS
Electrical Potential
Resting Potential
Action Potential
Polarized
Depolarization
Repolarization
Hyperpolarization