1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

Sunday,January31,2016
08:26AM(GMT+5)

Like

Home

Share KashifRasheed,MAmirSaeedand445,004otherslikethis.

Beginner'sGuide

Rules

Register

Awards

Syllabus

PastPapers

UserName UserName

CSSForums>CSSOptionalsubjects>GroupV >Zoology
NotesforZoology
Home

Password

Community

CSPMembers

RememberMe?
Login

Today'sPosts

Search

StartDownload
Merge&ConvertFilesintoPDFsw/EasyPDFCombineFree!

ShareThread: Facebook
Google+

Twitter

Page3of20 < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 13 > Last

LinkBack

Saturday,April25,2009

AFRMS
37thCommon

ThreadTools

SearchthisThread
#21

JoinDate:Mar2006
Posts:1,514
Thanks:1,053
Thanked1,670Timesin871Posts

Protozoanreproduction.

Protozoanreproduction.
Althoughihavegivenalinkofrepinprotozoaitsnotcomprehensive.
thelinkiammentioningnowhasbothdetaileddescriptionanddiagramsofasexualand
sexualreproduction.
Clichhere
regards

http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

1/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

Facebook
AccountSignUp
facebook.com

TheWorld's#1OnlineCommunity.
JoinforFree&EnjoytheBenefits!

DownloadW2
Forms
TheFollowingUserSaysThankYoutoAFRMSForThisUsefulPost:
Shali(Thursday,October08,2009)

Sunday,April26,2009

Viceroy
SeniorMember

#22
JoinDate:Feb2009
Location:Islamabad
Posts:853
Thanks:902
Thanked1,279Timesin524Posts

ZoologyGlossary

AglossaryofZoologyTerms,Clickhere
Hopeithelps!
__________________
Whenyouhavetoshoot,shoot.Don'ttalk.~TheGood,TheBad,andtheUgly
LasteditedbyViceroySunday,April26,2009at11:25AM.

TheFollowingUserSaysThankYoutoViceroyForThisUsefulPost:
AFRMS(Sunday,April26,2009)
Sunday,April26,2009

AFRMS
37thCommon

#23
JoinDate:Mar2006
Posts:1,514
Thanks:1,053
Thanked1,670Timesin871Posts

Diagrams

FiguresofInvertebratephylums
youcanalsochecktheglossory.
Clickhere
Regards
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

2/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

TheFollowingUserSaysThankYoutoAFRMSForThisUsefulPost:
Viceroy(Sunday,April26,2009)
Sunday,April26,2009

#24
JoinDate:Mar2006
Posts:1,514
Thanks:1,053
Thanked1,670Timesin871Posts

AFRMS
37thCommon

Porifera.

AllaboutPorifera.Itsa17pagepresentationandeasilydownloaded.
Andintheendtheclassificationisalsogiven.
Withthismostofthephylumporiferaiscompletenow.
ClickHere
Regards

Monday,April27,2009

#25

LordAvaLon
SeniorMember

JoinDate:Feb2009
Location:Quetta
Posts:279
Thanks:169
Thanked263Timesin164Posts

@afrms
YoumentionedinsomeofyourpostaboutacoupleofarticlespublishedinDawn.Itriedtofindthat
peculiarpostbutcouldn'tsucceed.Wouldyoupleasewriteagainaboutthetitleanddateonwhich
theywereprinted?
Regards,

Monday,April27,2009

Viceroy
SeniorMember

#26
JoinDate:Feb2009
Location:Islamabad
Posts:853
Thanks:902
Thanked1,279Timesin524Posts

Quote:

OriginallyPostedbyLordAvaLon
@afrms
YoumentionedinsomeofyourpostaboutacoupleofarticlespublishedinDawn.Itriedto
findthatpeculiarpostbutcouldn'tsucceed.Wouldyoupleasewriteagainaboutthetitleand
dateonwhichtheywereprinted?
Regards,
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

3/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

Ithinkyouaretalkingaboutpost3inthethreadlinkedhere
__________________
Whenyouhavetoshoot,shoot.Don'ttalk.~TheGood,TheBad,andtheUgly

TheFollowing2UsersSayThankYoutoViceroyForThisUsefulPost:
AFRMS(Monday,April27,2009),LordAvaLon(Monday,April27,2009)
Monday,April27,2009

#27
JoinDate:Mar2006
Posts:1,514
Thanks:1,053
Thanked1,670Timesin871Posts

AFRMS
37thCommon

Quote:

OriginallyPostedbyLordAvaLon
@afrms
YoumentionedinsomeofyourpostaboutacoupleofarticlespublishedinDawn.Itriedto
findthatpeculiarpostbutcouldn'tsucceed.Wouldyoupleasewriteagainaboutthetitleand
dateonwhichtheywereprinted?
Regards,
salam
Mohsinhasmentionedthelink.iwasgoingthroughtheDawnnewsarticlesandfoundagoodarticleon
IrrigationSystem.
Thetitleis"givingirrigationsystemafacelift"Bybilalhassan.(economicandbsuinessreveiw,feb16
22P.III.
docheckitmightbehelpful.
regards

TheFollowingUserSaysThankYoutoAFRMSForThisUsefulPost:
LordAvaLon(Monday,April27,2009)
Monday,April27,2009

#28

LordAvaLon
SeniorMember

JoinDate:Feb2009
Location:Quetta
Posts:279
Thanks:169
Thanked263Timesin164Posts

Thatwashelpfulafrms,
Irequestyoutokeeponpointingoutthearticleswhichappearsimportanttoyouinanyway.Having
theclippingswouldobviouslyhelpalotinthehightimesofexam.
Regards,

http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

4/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums
Monday,April27,2009

AFRMS
37thCommon

#29
JoinDate:Mar2006
Posts:1,514
Thanks:1,053
Thanked1,670Timesin871Posts

Quote:

OriginallyPostedbyLordAvaLon
Thatwashelpfulafrms,
Irequestyoutokeeponpointingoutthearticleswhichappearsimportanttoyouinanyway.
Havingtheclippingswouldobviouslyhelpalotinthehightimesofexam.
Regards,
yesiwillkeepondoingthat.sokeepaneye.yesreadingnewspaperhelpsalotigot50incurrentjust
byreadingdawnandshahidbooks

Monday,April27,2009

AFRMS
37thCommon

#30
JoinDate:Mar2006
Posts:1,514
Thanks:1,053
Thanked1,670Timesin871Posts

PhylumCoelenterata

PhylumCoelenterata
TheradiateanimalsPhylumCoelenterata(Cnidaria)
ThePhylumCoelenterataincludesthepolyps,jellyfishes,seaanemones,andcorals.Allof
theseanimalshaveabodywallconsistingoftwolayersofcells,betweenwhichisajellylike
substance,themesoglea.Withinthebodyisasinglegastrovascularcavity,orcoelenteron.
Becauseofthepresenceoftwocellularlayers,Coelenteratesaresidetohaveatissuelevel
organization.Theyarealsoacoelomatesthatis,theydontpossessasecondbodycavity,the
coelom.

Positioninanimalkingdom
PhylumCnidariaarecharacterizedbyprimaryradialorbiradialsymmetry.Radialsymmetry,in
whichthebodypartsarearrangedconcentricallyaroundtheoralaboralaxis,isparticularly
suitableforsessileorsedentaryanimals.
Thephylumhasnotadvancedgenerallybeyondthetissueleveloforganization,althoughafew
organsoccur.
Biologiccontributions

a.Thephylumhasdevelopedtwowelldefinedgermlayers,ectodermandendodermathird,
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

5/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

ormesodermal,layer,whichisderivedembryologicallyfromtheectoderm,ispresentinsome
.Thebodyplanissaclike,andthebodywalliscomposedoftwodistinctlayers,epidermisand
gastrodermis,derivedfromtheectodermandendoderm,respectively.Thegelatinousmatrix
,mesoglea,betweentheselayersmaybestructureless,maycontainafewcellsandfibers,
ormaybecomposedlargelyofmesodermalconnectivetissueandmusclefibers.

b.Aninternalbodycavity,thegastrovascularcavity,islinedbythegastrodermisandhasa
singleopening,themouth,whichalsoservesastheanus.

c.Extracellulardigestionoccursinthegastrovascularcavity,asdoesintracellulardigestionin
thegastrodermalcells.

d.Mostradiateshavetentacles,orextensibleprojectionsaroundtheoralend,thataidinfood
capture.
e.Thefirsttruenervecells(protoneurons)occurintheradiates,butthenervesarearranged
asanervenet,withnocentralnervoussystem.
f.Senseorgansappearfirstintheradiatesandincludewelldevelopedstatocysts(organsof
equilibrium)andocelli.
g.Locomotioninthefreemovingformsisachievedeitherbymuscularcontractions.Howeverthe
groupsarestillbetteradaptedtofloatingorbeingcarriedbycurrentsthantostrongswimming.
h.Polymorphism(polypstageandmedusastage)inthecnidarianshaswidenedtheirecologic
possibilities.
i.Someuniquefeaturesarefoundinthisphylum,suchasnematocysts(stingingorganoids)
inCnidarians.

characteristics

a.Entirelyaquatic,someinfreshwaterbutmostlymarine
b.Radialsymmetryorbiradialsymmetryaroundalongitudinalaxiswithoralandaboralends
nodefinitehead
c.Twobasictypesofindividuals:polypsandmedusae
d.Exoskeletonorendoskeletonofchitinous,calcareous,orproteincomponentsinsome
g.Specialstingingcellorganoidscallednematocystsineitherorbothepidermisand
gastrodermisnematocystsabundantontentacles,wheretheymayformbatteriesorrings
h.Nervenetwithsymmetricandasymmetricsynapseswithsomesensoryorgansdiffuse
conduction

e.Bodywithtwolayers,epidermisandgastrodermis,withmesoglea(diploblastic)mesoglea
withcellsandconnectivetissue(ectomesoderm)insome(triploblastic)
f.Gastrovascularcavity(oftenbranchedordividedwithsepta)withasingleopeningthat
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

6/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

servesasbothmouthandanusextensibletentaclesusuallyencirclingthemouthororal
region
i.Reproductionbyasexualbudding(inpolyps)orsexualreproductionbygametes(inall
medusaeandsomepolyps)sexualformsmonoeciousordioeciousplanulalarva
holoblasticcleavage.
j.Noexcretoryorrespiratorysystems
k.Nocoelomiccavity
Classification

a.ClassHydrozoa
Thisclassincludesthefreshwaterpolyps,thesmalljellyfishes,thehydroidzoophytes,anda
fewstonycorals.
b.ClassScyphozoa
Mostofthelargejellyfishesareplacedinthisclass.
c.ClassAnthozoa
Inthisclassareincludedtheseaanemones,andmostofthestonyandhornycorals.
ClassHydrozoa

(1)Characteristics
a.solitaryorcolonial
b.asexualpolypsandsexualmedusae,althoughonetypemaybesuppressed
c.hydranthswithnomesenteries.
d.medusae(whenpresent)withavelum
e.bothfreshwaterandmarine.

(2)Typicalanimal
Hydra
a.Thestructureofhydra
b.Thephysiologicalfunctionofhydra
c.Thelifecycleofhydra.

http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

7/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

ClassScyphozoa

(1)CharacteristicsofClassScyphozoa
a.solitary
b.polypstagereducedorabsent
c.bellshapedmedusaewithoutvelum
d.gelatinousmesogleamuchenlarged
e.marginofbellorumbrellatypicallywitheightnotchesthatareprovidedwithsenseorgans
f.allmarine

Typicalanimal
Aureliaaurita
a.ThestructureofAureliaaurita
b.ThelifecycleofAureliaaurita

ClassAnthozoa

(1)characteristics
a.allpolyps,nomedusae
b.solitaryorcolonial
c.enteronsubdividedbyatleast8mesenteriesorseptabearingnematocysts
d.gonadsendodermal
e.allmarine.

(2)Typicalanimal
seaanemones

Metamorphosis

Generally,afterswimmingforafewhourstomanydaystheplanulaattachesanddevelopsinto
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

8/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

apolyporpolypoidform,whichincolonialspeciessubsequentlygivesrisetothecolony.
Insomehydroidstheplanularemainsinthegonophore,developingintothetentaculate
actinulalarvawhichisliberatedandcreepsabout.Afterattachment,itdevelopsintoapolyp.
Inmanyhydrozoanswithnopolypoidphasetheplanuladevelopsintoanactinulaandthena
medusa.
Inmostscyphozoans,afterattachment,theplanuladevelopsintoapolypoidscyphistoma,
withastalkedtrumpetshapedbody.Atmaturity,thescyphistomaproducesafreeswimming
medusastage,theephyralarva,bytransversefissionorstrobilization.Ephyraemaybe
producedsinglyorseveralatatime,anddeveloptoadultmedusae.
Inzoanthariananthozoans,theplanuladoesnotattachbutdevelopsintoananemonelike
Edwardsialarva,thentheHalcampoideslarva.Afterattachment,tentaclesdevelopandthe
adultpolypformisattained.
Reproduction
Therearebothdioeciousandhermaphroditicspecies.

Sexualreproduction

Asexualreproduction
Asexualreproductioniscommon,itmayoccurby:
a.budding
b.pedallaceration,e.g.inseaanemones
c.transversefission,e.g.intheproductionofephyraebyscyphistomae
d.longitudinalfission,e.g.inmanyseaanemones.

Polymorphism

Inmanycnidariansthelifecyclecontainstwomorphologicallydissimilarindividuals,thepulp
andthemedusa.Incolonialspecies,eachofthesetypesmayoccurinanumberofdifferent
morphologicalforms,specializedtoperformaparticularfunction.
Themaintypesofmodifiedpolypare:
a.thegastrozooidfeedingpolyp
b.thegonozooidreproductivepolyp
c.thedactylozooidprotectivepolyp,ortentaculozooid
a,bandcarefoundinhydrozoancolonies
d.theautozooidfeedingandreproductivepolyp
e.thesiphonozooidcurrentproducingpolyp
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

9/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

d,andearefoundinsomeauthozoancolonies
Acolonymayalsobearmedusoidformsindifferentstagesofformationordegeneration,which
mayormaynotbefreed.Medusaemaybecomemodifiedasswimmingbells,floats,
protectivebractsorphyllozooids,orgonophoreswhichserveonlyforreproduction.

PhylumCtenophora

About100speciesknown.Ovoidformsmeasureuptoabout5cm,flattenedformsmaybeup
to1meterormoreinlength.
(1)Characteristics

a.symmetrybiradialarrangementofinternalcanalsandthepositionofthepairedtentacles
changetheradialsymmetryintoacombinationofthetwo(radial+bilateral)
b.usuallyellipsoidalorsphericalinshape,withradiallyarrangedrowsofcombplatesfor
swimming
c.Ectoderm,endoderm,andamesoglea(ectomesoderm)withscatteredcellsandmuscle
fibersmaybeconsideredtripoblastic
d.Nematocystsabsent(exceptinonespecies),butadhesivecells(colloblasts)present
e.Digestivesystemconsistingofmouth,pharynx,stomach,andaseriousofcanals
f.Nervoussystemconsistingofasubepidermalplexusconcentratedaroundthe
mouthandbeneaththecombplaterowsanaboralsenseorgan(statocyst)
g.Nopolymorphismorattachedstages
h.Reproductionmonoecious,gonads(endodermalorigin)onthewallsofthedigestivecanals
,whichareundertherowsofcombplatesdeterminatecleavagecydippidlarva
i.Luminescencecommon
ComparisonwithCnidaria
A.Ctenophoresresemblethecnidariansinthefollowingways:
a.Formofradialsymmetrytogetherwiththecnidarians,theyformthegroupRadiata
b.Aboraloralaxisaroundwhichthepartsarearranged
c.Welldevelopedgelatinousectomesoderm
d.Nocoelomiccavity
e.Diffusenerveplexus

http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

10/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

f.Lackoforgansystems

B.Theydifferfromthecnidariansinthefollowingways:
a.NonematocystsexceptinEuchlora
b.Developmentofmusclecellsfrommesenchyme
c.Presenceofcombplatesandcolloblasts
d.Mosaic,ordeterminatetypeofdevelopment
e.Presenceofpharynxgenerally
f.Nopolymorphism
Classification
ClassTentaculata

Withtentacles.Tentaclesmayormaynothavesheathsintowhichtheyretract.Sometypes
flattenedforcreepingothercompressedtoabandlikeform.Insomethecombplatesmaybe
confinedtothelarvalform.
ClassNuda

Withouttentaclesconicalformwidemouthandpharynxgastrovascularcanalsmuch
branched.

http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

11/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

TheFollowing2UsersSayThankYoutoAFRMSForThisUsefulPost:
dr.atifrana(Thursday,April30,2009),Shali(Thursday,October08,2009)
Page3of20 < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 13 > Last
PreviousThread|NextThread
PostingRules
Youmaynotpostnewthreads
Youmaynotpostreplies
Youmaynotpostattachments
Youmaynotedityourposts
BBcodeisOn
SmiliesareOn
[IMG]codeisOn
HTMLcodeisOff
TrackbacksareOn
PingbacksareOn
RefbacksareOn
ForumRules

SimilarThreads
Thread
VeryImportant:HowtoPrepareStudy
Notes

ThreadStarter
ShaaBaaz

Forum

Replies

TipsandExperienceSharing

http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

LastPost
Wednesday,March
06,201301:12AM

12/13

1/31/2016

NotesforZoologyPage3CSSForums

EffectiveStudySkills

Sureshlasi

TipsandExperienceSharing

Friday,November
16,200709:28AM

RegardingNotes

Anonymous84

TipsandExperienceSharing

Wednesday,August
15,200707:56PM

CSSForumPrivacyStatementTermsofServiceTop

Disclaimer:ThisisnottheofficialwebsiteofFederalPublicServiceCommissionPakistan.Thisisanoncommercial
websitehelpingindividualswhointendtojoincivilserviceofPakistan.Thematerialonthiswebsiteisprovidedfor
informationalpurposesonly.WedonotclaimthatthesiteisanexhaustivecompilationofinformationaboutCivil
ServiceofPakistanneitherrepresentorendorsetheaccuracyorreliabilityofanyinformation,contentcontainedon,or
linked,downloadedoraccessedfromanypageofthiswebsite.Thesematerialsareintended,butnotpromisedor
guaranteedtobecurrent,completeoruptodate.However,honesteffortshavebeenmadetoprovidecomprehensive
informationforthebenefitofusers.Thedocumentsandmaterialdisplayedormentionedonthissitearenotofficial
copies.PleasecontactFPSCforupdatedrulesandregulationsgoverningCSSexamination.
Sponsors:ArgusVisionvBulletin,Copyright20002016,JelsoftEnterprisesLtd.

http://www.cssforum.com.pk/cssoptionalsubjects/groupv/zoology/14536noteszoology3.html

13/13