9-35

9-54 An ideal dual cycle has a compression ratio of 14 and cutoff ratio of 1.2. The thermal efficiency, amount of heat
added, and the maximum gas pressure and temperature are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 The air-standard assumptions are applicable. 2 Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. 3 Air is
an ideal gas with constant specific heats.
Properties The properties of air at room temperature are cp = 1.005 kJ/kgK, cv = 0.718 kJ/kgK, R = 0.287 kJ/kgK, and
k = 1.4 (Table A-2).
Analysis The specific volume of the air at the start of the compression is

v1

RT1 (0.287 kPa m 3 /kg K )(253 K)

0.9076 m 3 /kg
P1
80 kPa

and the specific volume at the end of the compression is

v2

v1
r

x
2

3
qin

4
qout

0.9076 m 3 /kg
0.06483 m 3 /kg
14

The pressure at the end of the compression is

v
P2 P1 1
v 2

P1 r k (80 kPa)141.4 3219 kPa

and the maximum pressure is

Px P3 r p P2 (1.5)(3219 kPa) 4829 kPa

The temperature at the end of the compression is

and

k 1

v
T2 T1 1
v 2

P
T x T2 3
P2

4829 kPa
(727.1 K)
1091 K
3219 kPa

T1 r k 1 (253 K)14 1.4 1 727.1 K

From the definition of cutoff ratio

v 3 rcv x rcv 2 (1.2)(0.06483 m 3 /kg ) 0.07780 m 3 /kg

The remaining state temperatures are then
v
T3 T x 3
v x

0.07780
(1091 K)
1309 K

0.06483

v
T4 T3 3
v 4

k 1

0.07780
(1309 K)

0.9076

1.4 1

490.0 K

Applying the first law and work expression to the heat addition processes gives
q in cv (T x T2 ) c p (T3 T x )
(0.718 kJ/kg K )(1091 727.1)K (1.005 kJ/kg K )(1309 1091)K
480.4 kJ/kg

The heat rejected is

q out cv (T4 T1 ) (0.718 kJ/kg K )(490.0 253)K 170.2 kJ/kg

Then,

th 1

q out
170.2 kJ/kg
1
0.646
480.4 kJ/kg
q in

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