Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Brianna Carden
12/4/15
Apical 4 Chamber
Moderator Band
IVS
Mitral Valve
Pulmonary Veins
Tricuspid Valve
IAS
Foramen Ovale
Spine
heart anomalies:
1. Hypoplastic Left Heart- LV hypoplasia results from decreased blood flow into or out of
the LV. Will see small aorta or coarctation of aorta and small left ventricle.
2. Echogenic Foci- mineralization within a papillary muscle or chordae tendinea. Most
common on left. Will see echogenic round structure in any of the heart chambers.
3. Ebsteins Anomaly- Displacement of tricuspid valve leaflets into the right ventricle. Will
see dilated right heart; color and spectral Doppler will show regurge across TV.
Subcostal 4 Chamber
Right Ventricle
Tricuspid
Valve
Right Atrium
Foramen
Ovale
IVS
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Spine
Mitral Valve
IAS
3 heart anomalies:
1. Ostium Secundum ASD- Foramen ovale bigger than it should be and deficient foramen
ovale flap. Will see 1-4 cm anechoic hole in the fossa ovalis.
2. Tricuspid Valve Atresia- A TV that did not develop. Will see hypoplastic RV and larger
left side of heart.
3. Univentricular Heart- two atria empty into a single ventricle via two A-V valves or a
common A-V valve. Will see a single ventricle with absence of the interventricular
septum.
Pulmonary Valve
3 heart anomalies:
1. Pulmonary Stenosis- PV atresia or hypoplasia. Will see RV hypertrophy/ cavity appears
hypoplastic, RA dilated with thick walls.
2. Ebsteins Anomaly- Displacement of tricuspid valve leaflets into the right ventricle. Will
see dilated right heart (in this image a dilated RV).
3. Double Outlet RV- Aorta and pulmonary artery arise from RV. Will see aorta and
pulmonary artery connected to RV.
IVS
Mitral Valve
Aortic Valve
Left Pulmonary Vein
Spine
3 heart anomalies:
1. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy- Ventricular wall thickness greater than 2 standard
deviations for age. Will see increased wall stiffness, poor diastolic filling, diminished CO,
large wall.
2. Perimembranous VSD- Aneurysm of the membranous septum. It is the most common
VSD, located in the outflow tract beneath the aortic valve. Will see anechoic opening in
the septum.
3. Fibroma- Rare cardiac tumor usually found on IVS, hyperechoic and may have area of
degeneration.
Tricuspid Valve
Pulmonary Valve
heart anomalies:
1. Aortic Stenosis- Blockage of the AV. Will see decreased leaflet mobility and valve
thickness, hypoplastic left heart.
2. Double Outlet RV- Aorta and pulmonary artery arise from RV. Will see aorta and
pulmonary artery connected to RV.
3. Hypoplastic Right Ventricle- Reduction of blood flow secondary to inflow impedance
from TV atresia or outflow impedance from pulmonary arterial atresia. Will see small
hypertrophic RV and a small or absent pulmonary artery.
Ductus Arteriosus
Diaphragm
Pulmonary Valve
Spine
heart anomalies:
1. Pulmonary Stenosis- PV atresia or hypoplasia. Will see RV hypertrophy/ cavity appears
hypoplastic, RA dilated with thick walls.
2. Transposition of the Great Vessels- Vessels and chambers are not connected correctly.
Will see pulmonary artery arising from the left ventricle.
3. Tricuspid Valve Atresia- Hypoplastic RV. Will see small RV in this view
Aortic Arch
Diaphragm
Ascending Aorta
Right Brachiocephalic
Left CCA
Spine
Left subclavian
heart anomalies:
1. Coarctation of the Aorta- Narrowing of the aorta. Will see hypoplasia of the
transverse arch.
2. Transposition of the Great Vessels- Vessels and chambers are not connected correctly.
Will see aorta arising from the RV.
3. Hypoplastic Left Heart- LV hypoplasia results from decreased blood flow into or out
of the LV. Will see small aorta or coarctation of aorta.
SVC/IVC
3 heart anomalies:
1. Bilateral SVC- 2 SVCs on each side of the heart. Will see 2 anechoic SVC vessels.
2. Echogenic Foci- Mineralization within a papillary muscle or chordae tendinea. Most
common on left. Will see echogenic round structure in any heart chambers. Could see in
LA in this view.
3. Ectopia Cordis- Rare malformation in which the heart is located outside the thoracic
cavity. Will see the heart chambers and great vessels outside of the abdomen.
3 Vessel View
3 heart anomalies:
1. Bilateral SVC- 2 SVCs. Will see 2 anechoic SVCs in this image instead of 1.
2. Hypoplastic Right Ventricle- Reduction of blood flow secondary to inflow impedance
from TV atresia or outflow impedance from pulmonary arterial atresia. Will see small
hypertrophic RV and a small or absent pulmonary artery.
3. Aortic Stenosis- Blockage of the AV. Will see decreased leaflet mobility and valve
thickness, hypoplastic left heart. Big Pulmonary artery.